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Composting Process and Challenges

Composting is a process where microorganisms like bacteria and fungi break down organic waste into humus and stable organic matter. The maturity of compost is determined by monitoring temperature, pH, and seed germination tests. Finished compost is analyzed for organic matter, nutrients, and heavy metals. While composting benefits the environment, improper methods can cause odors or nitrate leaching, so aeration and minimizing leaching during rain are important to optimize the process.

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Angel Joy Nicolas
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31 views1 page

Composting Process and Challenges

Composting is a process where microorganisms like bacteria and fungi break down organic waste into humus and stable organic matter. The maturity of compost is determined by monitoring temperature, pH, and seed germination tests. Finished compost is analyzed for organic matter, nutrients, and heavy metals. While composting benefits the environment, improper methods can cause odors or nitrate leaching, so aeration and minimizing leaching during rain are important to optimize the process.

Uploaded by

Angel Joy Nicolas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Composting is basically a process for decomposition of organic solid wastes (Airan and Bell, 1980).
The decomposition process is accomplished by various microorganisms including bacteria, actinomycetes
and fungi. In the process of composting, microorganisms break down organic matter and produce carbon
dioxide, water, energy in forms of heat humus, and the relatively stable organic end product (Rynk et al.,
1992)
The maturity of the composts is determined by monitoring of compost temperature and compost pH
(Popp, 1997), as well as by seedling germination tests (Zucconi et al.,) The finished compost is analyzed
for organic matter and nutrient contents as well as for heavy metal residues.
Composting is recognized as an environmentally beneficial activity. However, inappropriate
composting technologies can result in ecological disturbances, particularly the release of foul odors due to
anaerobic decomposition or the leaching of nitrate into the groundwater. Procedures to optimize the
aeration of compost heaps and to minimize the leaching of nitrate, especially during rainy season, are
additionally investigated.

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