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Digital Logic and Binary Systems

This document introduces digital logic concepts including: - Truth tables for logic gates like AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR and XNOR for 2, 3, and 4 inputs. - Converting between binary, decimal, and hexadecimal number representations. Binary numbers use base-2 while hexadecimal uses base-16. - Unsigned binary numbers are represented using n bits where the value ranges from 0 to 2n - 1. Bytes of data are often represented in hexadecimal for convenience.

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vigneshwar R
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62 views7 pages

Digital Logic and Binary Systems

This document introduces digital logic concepts including: - Truth tables for logic gates like AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR and XNOR for 2, 3, and 4 inputs. - Converting between binary, decimal, and hexadecimal number representations. Binary numbers use base-2 while hexadecimal uses base-16. - Unsigned binary numbers are represented using n bits where the value ranges from 0 to 2n - 1. Bytes of data are often represented in hexadecimal for convenience.

Uploaded by

vigneshwar R
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ENGI 3861 – Digital Logic

- gates can involve more than 2 inputs

AND OR

XYZ F XYZ F
000 000
001 001
010 010
011 011
100 100
101 101
110 110
111 111

Example: What is the truth table of the following logic circuit?

XYZ F
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111

At home, draw truth tables for 4-input AND and OR gates.

Introduction - 9
ENGI 3861 – Digital Logic

More Standard Gates

- we have already seen truth tables for 2-input AND, OR, and NOT
gates, but other gates are also of interest:

NAND

NOR

XOR

XNOR (sometimes called "Equivalence")

Introduction - 10
ENGI 3861 – Digital Logic

- some 3-input gates

NAND NOR

XYZ F XYZ F
000 000
001 001
010 010
011 011
100 100
101 101
110 110
111 111

XOR XNOR

XYZ F XYZ F
000 000
001 001
010 010
011 011
100 100
101 101
110 110
111 111

Can you determine truth tables for 4-input


NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR ?

Introduction - 11
ENGI 3861 – Digital Logic

Unsigned Binary Numbers

- one of the most fundamental applications of digital systems is


arithmetic and numerical computations
→ How do we represent unsigned numbers for digital systems?

- we are used to numbers using base- or radix-10:

Consider number D where

Example: 372.9710 =

so digit di contributes di × 10i to the value of D

⇒ D=

- other radix can be used such as base-2:

Consider number B where

⇒ B=

Introduction - 12
ENGI 3861 – Digital Logic

Example: 1101012 =

Example: 110.0112 =

Decimal to binary?

Example: 4110 = ? in binary

Example: 0.687510 = ? in binary

Introduction - 13
ENGI 3861 – Digital Logic

Example: Try 137.87510 = ? in binary

- an n-bit (unsigned) binary number can take on 2n possible values

e.g., if x is a positive integer and is represented by n-bit


binary vector, then 0 ≤ x ≤ 2n − 1 corresponding to
binary representations 000…002 to 111…112

- other radices can be used to conveniently represent binary data

e.g., octal ≡ base 8, digits ∈ {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}

1100102 ≡

738 ≡

e.g., hexadecimal ≡ base 16, digits ∈ {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,


9, A, B, C, D, E, F}

101110012 ≡

C716 ≡

Introduction - 14
ENGI 3861 – Digital Logic

- since, in computers, data tends to be organized in groups of


8 bits, where 8 bits is called a byte, hexadecimal is a very
convenient representation

e.g., 1CE816 ≡

byte 1 byte 2

Memorize binary to hex conversion! You will use them again and
again!

Decimal Binary Hexadecimal

0 0000 0
1 0001 1
2 0010 2
3 0011 3
4 0100 4
5 0101 5
6 0110 6
7 0111 7
8 1000 8
9 1001 9
10 1010 A
11 1011 B
12 1100 C
13 1101 D
14 1110 E
15 1111 F

Introduction - 15

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