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ME5010: Mathematical Methods For Engineers Assignment: Ij Ij Ijk K K I KJ Ij

This document contains an assignment with two problems regarding tensor notation and vector algebra identities: 1) The first problem defines a second order tensor T in terms of scalars, vectors, and other tensors, and asks to write out the expressions for specific tensor components T11, T12, and the trace Tii. 2) The second problem asks to prove four vector algebra identities using index notation: (i) the equality of two cross products, (ii) the Binet-Cauchy identity relating dot and cross products, (iii) an identity involving a double cross product, and (iv) Lagrange's identity relating magnitudes and dot products. Additional context is provided on Lagrange's identity and its relation to

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189 views1 page

ME5010: Mathematical Methods For Engineers Assignment: Ij Ij Ijk K K I KJ Ij

This document contains an assignment with two problems regarding tensor notation and vector algebra identities: 1) The first problem defines a second order tensor T in terms of scalars, vectors, and other tensors, and asks to write out the expressions for specific tensor components T11, T12, and the trace Tii. 2) The second problem asks to prove four vector algebra identities using index notation: (i) the equality of two cross products, (ii) the Binet-Cauchy identity relating dot and cross products, (iii) an identity involving a double cross product, and (iv) Lagrange's identity relating magnitudes and dot products. Additional context is provided on Lagrange's identity and its relation to

Uploaded by

Albert Abraham
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ME5010: Mathematical Methods for Engineers

Assignment
Instructor (part-time): Harish N Dixit
Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering,
IIT Hyderabad.
Due date: 9th August 2019, before the class begins.

Problem 1
If the second order tensor T is defined as
Tij = aSij + bPijk qk + ck di Skj + f δij ,
where a, b and f are scalars, c, d are vectors, S is an arbitrary rank-2 tensor, δ is the Kronecker
delta and Pijk is an arbitrary rank-3 tensor.
The summation for the three indices {i, j, k} goes from 1 to 3. Write down the expressions
for the following tensor components:
(i) T11
(ii) T12
(iii) Contraction of Tij : Make i = j to obtain an expression for Tii . Note that Tii is equal to
trace(T ).

Problem 2
Using index notation, prove the following vector algebra identities between the vectors u, v, w, z:
(i) u · (v × w) = v · (w × u).
(ii) (u × v) · (w × z) = (u · w)(v · z) − (u · z)(v · w): Binet-Cauchy identity.
(iii) (u × v) × (w × z) = [(u × v) · z]w − [(u × v) · w]z
(iv) [(v × w) · (v × w)] + (v · w)2 = v 2 w2 , where v and w are the magnitudes of v and w
respectively.
This identity is referred to as the Lagrange’s identity∗ named after the great Italian math-
ematician Joseph-Louis Lagrange. The Lagrangian frame of reference is named after the
same Lagrange.
∗
Some extra fundaes: If we have a set of ordered pairs {a1 , a2 , a3 , ...} and {b1 , b2 , b3 , ...}, then Lagrange’s
identity, as it appears in algebra, can also be written in the form
n
! n
! n
! n−1 n 
X X X X X
a2k + b2k − ak bk =  (ai bj − aj bi )2  .
k=1 k=1 k=1 i=1 j=i+1

The LHS is simply a combination of magnitudes of vectors a, b and scalar product a · b, and RHS involves
components of a × b. For n = 2, this identity was first proved by Diophantus of Alexandria, considered the
‘father of algebra’, in 3rd century AD and later by the great Indian mathematician & astronomer Brahmagupta,
in 7th century AD. Brahmagupta was also the first person to formulate rules to use zero in algebra. Now, the
special case of n = 2 is referred to as Brahmagupta-Fibonacci identity or simply the Fibonacci identity. Notice
that Lagrange’s identity is a special case of Binet-Cauchy identity.

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