Development task summary
Puberty is the starting point of adolescence and is associated with a great variety of somatic,
psychological and psychosocial changes within a defined period ranging from about 12 to 16
years of age. ... The main task of early adolescence is to accept the growing and changing
body.
PHYSICAL CHANGES
There are specific stages of development that both boys and girls go through when developing
secondary sexual characteristics (the physical characteristics of males and females that are not
involved in reproduction such as voicechanges, body shape, pubic hair distribution, and facial
hair).
Normal pubertal development is characterized by major physical alterations: sexual maturation, changes
in body composition, and rapid skeletal growth. Breast development is the first manifestation of puberty in
approximately 85% of girls; the normal age for initial breast development is 8 to 13 years. Menarche
generally occurs within 2 years of the onset of breast development, with a mean age in American girls of
12.8 years. In boys, the first manifestation of puberty is testicular enlargement; the normal age for initial
signs of puberty is 9 to 14 years in males. Pubic hair in boys generally appears 18 to 24 months after the
onset of testicular growth and is often conceived as the initial marker of sexual maturation by male
adolescents. Skeletal growth is one of the most striking characteristics of puberty. Linear-growth velocity
begins to increase in males at genital stage III and pubic-hair stage II, but peak height velocity is not
attained until age 14 years in boys and 12 years in girls. Lean body mass, which primarily reflects muscle
mass, begins to increase during early puberty in both boys and girls. Fat mass increases during the late
stages of puberty in girls. Sex differences in the adolescent growth spurt produce the characteristics
sexual dimorphism in shape and proportions seen in young adults.
EMOTIONAL CHANGES
Mood swings are common among teenagers. More often than not, the subtle changes in their
feelings and emotionsare due to the hormonal changes in their bodies. Your teen will seem
relaxed and reasonable at one moment and may lose her temper the next. Teenagers going
through pubertyare vulnerable