Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

The following are the foundation of the research

study:

Survey Data Theory/Principles

Feasibility Analysis

Calculations and
Selection of
Powerhouse Components

System Design and

Illustration
(AutoCad)

Conclusion
and
Recommendation

This will be a run-of-river type mini hydro research

employing small diversion dams with unregulated spillways

such as diversion weir, intake structures, desander boxes

and steel pipe conveyance line.

These different stages are distinguished by the

increasing degree of detail.

 Preliminary study will undergo scheme layout and

location of structures, structures dimensions.

 Feasibility study will be the collection of data and

field investigation like detailed survey, geologic

study and hydrologic Study.

The available head is generally good, of medium head

at 168 to 173 meters, considering the distance from

intake to power house is only 2.8 aerial kilometers. The

site is relatively accessible from the major road and

access road to Diversion and Intake site is relatively

simple with the existing Farm-to-Market Road and a few

hundred meters of new opening to reach the weir site. The

proposed Power House is only 120 meters from the

highway.From the National Road, main access to the

Project site will be along the Suyo-Cervantes Provincial

roads.

The Proposed Suyo 2 HEPP will have an estimated

installed capacity of 4.56MW run-of-river hydropower

scheme, to be connected via a dedicated 69kV sub-

transmission line to serve the power requirements of the

North Luzon Grid. Alternately, the plant can be tied up

to the nearest Local Distribution Utility Substation.

The project will provide sufficient drainage and

utility system. The power plant will also have no adverse

impact to the environment since the project will produce

minimal amount of wastewater. The water quality of the

area is not affected and will not deteriorate. Care is

observed to prevent or decrease contamination of the

water near the facility from the use of its septic vault.
 For this project, a design flow of 3.45 cms is

selected to support an estimated installed capacity of

4.56 MW. Estimated plant factor at the design flow is

approximately 45%.

Flow-Duration and Power Curves

Available Flow Flow Used Available Power

30.000 5,000
4,500
25.000
4,000
3,500

Pow er (kW)
20.000
Flow (m³/s)

3,000
15.000 2,500
2,000
10.000
1,500
1,000
5.000
500
0.000 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percent Time Flow Equalled or Exceeded (%)

Annual Energy Production Estimate Notes/Range

Small hydro plant capacity kW 4,560
MW 4.560
Small hydro plant firm capacity kW 246
Available flow adjustment factor - 0.90
Small hydro plant capacity factor % 45% 40% to 95%
Renewable energy delivered MWh 18,161
kWh 18,160,768

Results of the traverse survey indicates a gross head

of 168 meters available between the tailwater level which

is at elevation 267 masl and headwater level/weir crest

elevation at 435 masl after including an additional 15

meters due to the diversion weir height.

The diversion point to the Danonoy Area just upstream

of the confluence of the SigbonUgsaCreek(Vagina Falls) to

the Butigui River considering that the proposed Suyo 3

will not be sought anymore. The Diversion Weir will be

located just below the Danonoy Foot Bridge. The existing

Danonoy Foot bridge deck lies at elevation 443 masl or 8

meters above the proposed headwater level/weir crest

elevation at 435 masl.

Installation of Rainfall Gauge and stream flow Gauge

were also done during conduct of the preliminary

activities. Gaugers were hired and trained to do daily

observation and recording of the readings thereof.

Installations: 1 – Streamflow Staff Gauge, 1 – Rainfall

Gauge.

Gathered from the residents in the area, rains in the

afternoons are observed to occur and becoming more often

beginning at the later part of the month of April. Soon

after the staff gauge was installed, calibration readings

were conducted, and afforded by the afternoon rains, and

at least three stages or levels were observed: in the

morning before the afternoon rain; after the rain upon

 the observed arrival of the run-off peak, and in the

morning of the next day before any afternoon rains.

A 12-meter stretch of the river with almost uniform

slope and cross-section was selected as the

gauging/calibration site. Float method of stream flow

gauging was adopted. At least 12 time trials were made to

get an average surface flow velocity. A 0.85 factor was

used to ferret out velocity variations due to depth and

drag on on the river bed.

Power Supply produces electricity by using a

stored supply of water from a reservoir, which runs down

large bore pipes known as penstocks, into water turbines

located below the reservoir. These turbines drive

power generators supplying electricity to the national

grid.

Power transmissionis the movement of energy from its place

of generation to a location where it is applied to perform

useful work.
Hydro Power Plant is an impoundment facility, typically a

large hydropower system, uses a dam to store river water in

a reservoir.

Desanders and desilters are solid control equipment with a

set of hydrocyclones that separate sand and silt from the

drilling fluids in drilling rigs. Desanders are installed

on top of the mud tank following the shale shaker and the

degasser, but before the desilter.

Intake structuresare used for collecting water from the

surface sources such as river, lake, and reservoir and

conveying it further to the water treatment plant.

These structures are masonry or concrete structures and

provides relatively clean water, free from pollution, sand

and objectionable floating material.

Weir is a barrier across the horizontal width of a river

that alters the flow characteristics of water and usually

results in a change in the height of the river level.

Run of River is a small dam with little impoundment of

water is used. Short tunnels (called penstocks) direct

water to the power station using the natural flow of the

river. Capacity of generating electricity in a diversion or

a run-of-river station is dependent on the amount of water

flowing in the river.

Trash rack is a wooden or metal structure, frequently

supported by masonry, that prevents water-borne debris

(such as logs, boats, animals, masses of cut waterweed,

etc.) from entering the intake of a water mill, pumping

station or water conveyance.

Stream flow which is also known as channel runoff, refers

to the flow of water in natural watercourses such as

streams and rivers. Without stream flow, the water in a

given watershed would not be able to naturally progress to

its final destination in a lake or ocean. This would

disrupt the ecosystem. It is one important route of water

from the land to lakes and oceans.

 •Topography Map
•Aerial Map
•Design Flow
•Geohazard Map
INPUT •Design Crieria and Parameters

•Site Inspection
•Literature review
•Data Gathering from Polaris
PROCESS •Digital Images Using Google Earth

•Design Dimensions of diversion weir,

intake structures, desander boxes and
steel pipe conveyance line.
•Illustrations(AutoCAD),Placement of
Structures in the Topography map
OUTPUT