Data manipulation language
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A data manipulation language (DML) is a family of syntax elements similar to a computer
programming language used for inserting, deleting and updating data in a database.
Performing read-only queries of data is sometimes also considered a component of DML.
A popular data manipulation language is that of Structured Query Language (SQL), which is
used to retrieve and manipulate data in a relational database.[1] Other forms of DML are those
used by IMS/DLI, CODASYL databases, such as IDMS and others.
Data manipulation language comprises the SQL data change statements,[2] which modify
stored data but not the schema or database objects. Manipulation of persistent database
objects, e.g., tables or stored procedures, via the SQL schema statements,[2] rather than the
data stored within them, is considered to be part of a separate data definition language. In
SQL these two categories are similar in their detailed syntax, data types, expressions etc., but
distinct in their overall function.[2]
Data manipulation languages have their functional capability organized by the initial word in
a statement, which is almost always a verb. In the case of SQL, these verbs are:
SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE ...
INSERT INTO ... VALUES ...
UPDATE ... SET ... WHERE ...
DELETE FROM ... WHERE ...