Three Node triangle

Three-node triangle
d2y

2 𝑑1𝑥
𝑑1𝑦
d2x 𝑑2𝑥
𝒅𝑒 =
𝑑2𝑦
𝑑3𝑥
𝑑3𝑦
d3y
d1y d
1x

d3x
3
1
 Three-node triangle

𝑢𝑋 𝛼 + 𝛼2 𝑋 + 𝛼3 𝑌
= 1
𝑢𝑌 𝛽1 + 𝛽2 𝑋 + 𝛽3 𝑌

𝑢𝑋 𝑋1 , 𝑌1 = 𝑑1𝑋

𝑢𝑋 𝑋2 , 𝑌2 = 𝑑2𝑋

𝑢𝑋 𝑋3 , 𝑌3 = 𝑑3𝑋
𝑑1𝑋
𝑑1𝑌
𝑑2𝑋 𝑑1𝑋 1 𝑋1 𝑌1 𝛼1
𝒅𝑒 =
𝑑2𝑌 𝑑2𝑋 = 1 𝑋2 𝑌2 𝛼2
𝑑3𝑋 𝑑3𝑋 1 𝑋3 𝑌3 𝛼3
𝑑3𝑌
 Shape Functions
−1 −1
𝛼1 1 𝑋1 𝑌1 𝑑1𝑋 𝛽1 1 𝑋1 𝑌1 𝑑1𝑌
𝛼2 = 1 𝑋2 𝑌2 𝑑2𝑋 𝛽 = 1 𝑋2 𝑌2 𝑑2𝑌
𝛼3 1 𝑋3 𝑌3 𝑑3𝑋 𝛽3 1 𝑋3 𝑌3 𝑑3𝑌

𝑢𝑋 𝑋, 𝑌 = 𝑁1 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑑1𝑋 + 𝑁2 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑑2𝑋 + 𝑁3 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑑3𝑋

𝑢𝑌 𝑋, 𝑌 = 𝑁1 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑑1𝑌 + 𝑁2 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑑2𝑌 + 𝑁3 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑑3𝑌

1
𝑁1 𝑋, 𝑌 = 𝑋 𝑌 − 𝑌32 𝑋 + 𝑋2 𝑌3 − 𝑌2 𝑋3
2𝐴 32
1
𝑁2 𝑋, 𝑌 = −𝑋31 𝑌 + 𝑌31 𝑋 − 𝑋1 𝑌3 + 𝑌1 𝑋3
2𝐴
1
𝑁3 𝑋, 𝑌 = 𝑋 𝑌 − 𝑌21 𝑋 + 𝑋1 𝑌2 − 𝑌1 𝑋2
2𝐴 21

* ( 𝑋32 = 𝑋3 − 𝑋2 ), etc.
 Area calculation
3

𝑿(2)

1
𝑿(1)
2
𝑋21 𝑋31
𝑿(1) = 𝑌21 𝑿(2) = 𝑌31
2𝐴 = 𝑿(1) × 𝑿(2) 0 0
= 𝑋21 𝑌31 − 𝑌21 𝑋31
𝑢𝑋 𝑋, 𝑌 = 𝑁1 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑑1𝑋 + 𝑁2 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑑2𝑋 + 𝑁3 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑑3𝑋

𝑢𝑌 𝑋, 𝑌 = 𝑁1 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑑1𝑌 + 𝑁2 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑑2𝑌 + 𝑁3 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑑3𝑌

𝑑1𝑋
𝑑1𝑌
𝑢𝑋 𝑁1 0 𝑁2 0 𝑁3 0 𝑑2𝑋
=
𝑢𝑌 𝑒 0 𝑁1 0 𝑁2 0 𝑁3 𝑑2𝑌
𝑑3𝑋
𝑑3𝑌

𝒖𝑒 = 𝑵𝑒 𝒅𝑒
(2x1) (2x6) (6x1)
 Strain Displacement Relation
𝜀𝑋𝑋 = 𝑢𝑋,𝑋
𝜀𝑋𝑋
𝜀𝑌𝑌 = 𝑢𝑌,𝑌 𝜺 = 𝜀𝑌𝑌 𝑢𝑋,𝑋
𝛾𝑋𝑌
𝜺𝑒 = 𝑢𝑌,𝑌 = 𝑩𝑒 𝒅𝑒
𝛾𝑋𝑌 = 𝑢𝑋,𝑌 + 𝑢𝑌,𝑋 (3x1) 𝑢𝑋,𝑌 + 𝑢𝑌,𝑋 (3x6) (6x1)

𝑢𝑋,𝑋 = 𝑁𝑎,𝑋 𝑑𝑎,𝑋

𝑎=1

𝑢𝑌,𝑌 = 𝑁𝑎,𝑌 𝑑𝑎,𝑌

𝑎=1

𝑢𝑋,𝑌 + 𝑢𝑌,𝑋 = 𝑁𝑎,𝑌 𝑑𝑎,𝑋 + 𝑁𝑎,𝑋 𝑑𝑎,𝑌

𝑎=1
 The B-Matrix
𝑢𝑋,𝑋
𝜺𝑒 = 𝑢𝑌,𝑌 = 𝑩𝑒 𝒅𝑒
(3x1) 𝑢𝑋,𝑌 + 𝑢𝑌,𝑋 (3x6) (6x1)

𝑑1𝑋
𝑁1,𝑋 0 𝑁2,𝑋 0 𝑁3,𝑋 0 𝑑1𝑌
𝑑2𝑋
𝜺𝑒 = 0 𝑁1,𝑌 0 𝑁2,𝑌 0 𝑁3,𝑌
𝑑2𝑌
𝑁1,𝑌 𝑁1,𝑋 𝑁2,𝑌 𝑁2,𝑋 𝑁3,𝑌 𝑁3,𝑋
𝑑3𝑋
𝑑3𝑌

1 −𝑌32 0 𝑌31 0 −𝑌21 0

𝑩𝑒 = 0 𝑋32 0 −𝑋31 0 𝑋21
2𝐴 𝑋 −𝑌32 −𝑋31 𝑌31 𝑋21 −𝑌21
32

* ( 𝑋32 = 𝑋3 − 𝑋2 ), etc.
TWO ELEMENT EXAMPLE
300 lb / in2 1000 lbf
t = 0.5 in
E = 30 x106 psi
ν = 0.25

2 in

3 in
 300 lb / in2 1000 lbf
(0,2)
(3,2)
2
3
element 2

element 1
1

4 (3,0)
(0,0)
(0,2) 1 3 (3,2)

2
3
element 2

2
(3,2)
(0,0)
2
2
4

3 element 1

(0,0) 1

4 1
(3,0)
Local X Y
Node
1 3 0
2 3 2
3 0 0

1 1
=
2𝐴 6
Plane stress
Plane Strain
 Element matrices

K1=B1T C B1 A1 h1
 Assembly of global
1X
1Y
stiffness matrix after
2X application of BC
2Y
4X
4Y

1X 1Y 2X 2Y 4X 4Y

1X
2X
2Y

1X 2X 2Y

3X
3Y
4X
4Y
2X
2Y

3X 3Y 4X 4Y 2X 2Y
Global solution (reduced)
Kd=f

1X
2X
2Y

1X
2X
2Y
Stress in element 1

1X
1Y
2X
2Y
4X
4Y