Assignment no 1
A square footing must be designed to carry a 300KN load at a depth of 1.2 m on soil
with φ=30, Y=18.5 KN/m2 and c=12.5kPa Determine the required width of footing
with a factor of safety of 3 using
A) Terzaghi bearing capacity formula
B) General bearing capacity formula (separate for Meyerhof, Hansen, and
Vesic)
C) Ethiopian Geotechnical design code (ES EN-7)
D) Euro code-7
E) Comment on the result
Considering
i) When the GWT is on the surface
ii) When the GWT is at bottom of the footing
iii) When the GWT is far below the bottom width (No effect of GWT)
Given data
P= 300kN
Weight of footing (𝑊𝑓 ) =150kN 𝐷𝑓 = 1.2m from floor
Φ=30o 𝛾𝑤 =10kN
γ=18.5𝒌𝑵 /𝒎𝟐
C=12.5kpa
FOS=3
SOLUTION
A) According to Terzaghi’s bearing capacity formula
𝒒𝒖𝒍𝒕 = 1.3CNc +𝑁𝑞 γD f + 0.4 B γ N γ
For Φ=30o, NC=37.2
N γ=19.7
Nq=22.5
Case i: - when GWT on the surface
𝜸′ = 𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕 -𝛾𝑤 =18.5-10=8.5
𝒒𝒖𝒍𝒕 = 1.3CNc +𝑁𝑞 γD f + 0.4 B γ N γ
𝑊
𝒒𝒂𝒍𝒍 = = 300/ 𝐵2
𝐵2
𝒒𝒂𝒍𝒍 = 𝒒𝒖𝒍𝒕 / FS = (1.3CNc +Nq γ D f’ + 0.4 γ’ N γ B)/3
300/ 𝐵2= [1.3(12.5)*(37.2) + (22.5)*(8.5)*(1.2) + 0.4(8.5)*(19.7)*B]/3
-by trial and error we get
B=0.99m
Case I I):- When the GWT is at bottom of the footing
γ = γ’+ [(d- D f)/B]*(γ - γ’)
Let d = 1.5m
γ = (18.5-10) + [(1.5-1.2)/0.6]*(18.5-8.5) =13.5m
𝒒𝒂𝒍𝒍 = (1.3CNc +Nq γ D f + 0.4 B N γ)/3
300/ 𝐵2= [1.3(12.5)*(37.2) + (22.5)*(13.5)*(1.2) + 0.4(13.5)*(19.7)*B]/3
-by trial and error we get
B=0.92m
Case I I I) :- When the GWT is far below the bottom width (No effect of GWT)
d> Df+B (since the GWT has no effect)
qult = 1.3CNc +Nq γDf + 0.4 γN γB
qall = 𝑊/𝐵2= qult/FOS
300/ 𝐵2= [1.3(12.5)*(37.2) + (22.5)*(18.5)*(1.2) + 0.4(18.5)*(19.7)*B]/3
by trial and error we get
B= 0.86m
B) General bearing capacity formula ( separate for Meyerhof, Hansen
and Vesic)
i ) According to Meyerhof bearing capacity formula
qult = CNcScdcic + 0.5BγNγSγdγiγ + qNqSqdqiq
Nq = NΦ= 18.40
where, NΦ = (1+sinΦ/1 - sinΦ)= (1+sin30o /1-sin30o) = 3
Nc = (Nq – 1)cotΦ = 30.14
Nγ = (Nq – 1)tan(1.4Φ) = 15.67
Take B = 0.99m
Shape factors Depth factors
Sc = 1 + 0.2 NΦ(B/L)=1.6 dc = 1+0.2 (Df /B)=1.42
Sq = 1+0.1NΦ(B/L)=1.3 dq=1+0.1 (Df/B)=1.21
Sγ = Sq=1.3 dγ= dq=1.21
Since the load is vertical we have inclination factors i.e, ic, iq, iγ= 1
qult = 12.5*30.14*1.6*1.42*1 + 0.5*0.99*8.5*15.67*1.3*1.21*1 +
8.5*1.2*18.40*1.3*1.21*1 =1254.91kpa
i i) According to Hansen bearing capacity formula
qult = CNcScdcic + 0.5BγNγSγdγiγ + qNqSqdqiq
Nq = NΦ= 18.40
where, NΦ = (1+sinΦ/1 - sinΦ) = (1+sin30o /1-sin30o) = 3
Nc = (Nq – 1)cotΦ = 30.14
Nγ =1.5(Nq – 1)tanΦ = 15.07
Shape factors Depth factors
Sc = 1+ Nq/Nc(B/L)=1.61 dc = 1+0.4(Df/B)=1.48
Sq = 1+(B/L)tanΦ=1.58 dq = 1+2*tanΦ(1-sinΦ)^2*(Df/B)=1.35
Sγ = 1-0.4(B/L)=0.6 dγ = 1
qult = CNcScdcic + 0.5BγNγSγdγiγ + qNqSqdqiq
qult = 12.5*30.14*1.61*1.48*1 + 0.5*0.99*8.5*15.07*0.6*1*1 +
8.5*1.2*18.40*1.58*1.35*1 = 1336.1kpa
i i i) According to vesic bearing capacity formula
qult = CNcScdcic + 0.5BγNγSγdγiγ + qNqSqdqiq
Nq = NΦ= 18.40
where, NΦ = (1+sinΦ/1 - sinΦ) = (1+sin30o /1-sin30o) = 3
Nc = (Nq – 1)cotΦ = 30.14
Nγ =2(Nq + 1)tanΦ = 22.4
The shape and depth factors of vesic are the same as those of Hansen
qult = CNcScdcic + 0.5BγNγSγdγiγ + qNqSqdqiq
qult = 12.5*30.14*1.61*1.48*1 + 0.5*0.99*8.5*22.4*0.6*1*1 +
8.5*1.2*18.40*1.58*1.35*1 = 1354.6kpa
c) Ethiopian geotechnical design code
1) drained condition
Bearing resistance factor
=18.384
Nc=(Nq-1)CotΦ’=(18.4-1)Cot30=30.137
N γ =2(Nq-1)tanΦ=2(18.4-1)tan30=20.092
Shape factors
Sq=1+sin30=1.5
S γ=0.7
Sc=(SqNq-1)/(Nctan φ)=(1.5*18.4-1)/(18.4-1)=1.534
Inclination factor
iq=1
ic=(iqNq-1)/(Nq-1)= 1
iγ=1
R/A= (CNcScic+qNq Sqiq+0.5 γ’BN γ S γ i γ)/FOS
300/B2=(12.5*15.567*1.534*1+8.5*1.2*15.567*1.5*1+0.5*8.5*B*16.82*0.7*1)/3
108.91B3+813.41B2-900=0
By trial and error
B=0.99m
1) drained condition
Sc=1.2
ic= 1
R/A= (2+Π)Cu* Sc* ic+q
300/B2=((2+3.14)*12.5*1.2*1+18.5*1.2)/3
300/B2=99.2/3
B=3m
D) Euro code bearing capacity
R/A= (CNcbcScic+q Nq bqSqiq+0.5 γ’BN γ b γ S γ i γ)/FOS
Bearing resistance factor
=18.4
Nc=(Nq-1)CotΦ’=(18.4-1)Cot30=30.137
N γ =2(Nq-1)tanΦ=2(18.4-1)tan30=20.092
Shape factors
Sq=1+sin30=1.5
S γ=0.7
Sc=(SqNq-1)/(Nctan φ)=(1.5*18.4-1)/(18.4-1)=1.53
Inclination factor
ic=(iq-(1-iq))/(Nctan30)= =(1-(1-1))/(30.137tan30=0.7=0.057
iq=1
iγ=1
Inclination factor at base
bc=(bq-(1-bq))/(Nctan30)= =(1-(1-1))/(30.137tan30=0.7=0.057
bq=1
bγ=1
300/B2=(12.5*30.137*0.057*1.53**1+8.5*1.2*18.4*1*1.5*1+0.5*8.5*B*20.092*1*0.7*1)/3
900=314.373B2+59.77B3
B=1.5m
4. A machine of mass 500 kg is spported on a RCC block of size L = 2500 mm; B = 1500
mm;& H = 400 mm. density of concrete is 2500 kg/m3. The block in turn is supported by a
lateral translational spring in X direction having stiffeness of kx = 2x107N/m attached at CG
of the base area of the block (point o) as shown in figure, height of the CG of machine
(point C) above top of the block is hl = 100 mm. CG of block and CG of the machine lie on
the same vertical line. Consider that the system is un damped and it is constrained to
translate only along X-axis. A dynamic force of Fx = 200 N at excitation frequency of (ω) =
50 rad/s is applied at the machine mass CG along X-axis. Find natural frequency of the
system and compute maximum amplitude of vibration at the machine center point C.
Given
Mass of machine = 500 kg
Block size
L = 2500 mm
B = 1500 mm
H = 400 mm
Density of concrete = 2500 kg/m3
kx = 2x107 N/m
Fx = 200 N
ω = 50 rad/s
Required
natural frequency (ωn)
maximum amplitude
Solution
M total = M machine + M bolck,
M block = 2500(2.5 ∗ 1.5 ∗ 0.4) = 3750 𝑘𝑔
= 500 kg + 3750 kg
= 4250 kg
determination of natural frequency
𝑘 2x107 𝑁/𝑚
𝜔𝑛 = √ = √ = 68.60 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
𝑀 4250 kg
𝜔𝑛 68.60
Then the natural frequency in hertze will be Fn = = = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟗𝟐 𝑯𝒛
2𝜋 2𝜋
𝐹𝑜⁄
𝑘
The maximum amplitude 𝑍 =
√(1−𝐵2 )2 +(2𝐷𝐵)2
where the dimenssion less frequency ratio
ω 50
𝐵=𝜔 = = 0.729 and the damping ratio D = 0 therefor
𝑛 68.60
200⁄
𝑍= 2𝑥107 = 2.134𝑥10−5 𝑚𝑚 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟑 𝒎
√(1 − 0.7292 )2
5. Consider a circular footing with radius ro=2 m and a moment of inertia ,I𝜑=1.7×106 kgm2,
for rocking about a line through the center of the base of the footing. The shear modulus,
Gmax is measured to be 50 Mpa for the saturated,medium stiff clay in the site and the density
is ρ=2000kg/m3.
a) Determine the shear wave speed at the site ,the mass ratio, the dimensionless
resonance frequency for rocking of the footing and the dynamic amplification factor
using the exact elastic half space method.
b) Check the exact solution resonance fequency found in (a) by the resonance frequency
expression from 1 DOF analogue.
Given data
Radius(ro) = 2m
Moment of inertia(I𝜑) = 1.7×106 kgm2
Density = 2000𝑘𝑔/m3
Poisson’s ratio for the saturated,medium stiff clay = 0.5
Solution
𝐺 50×106N/m2
a) Shear wave velocity (Vs) = √ = √ = 158.114m/s
𝜌 2000𝑘𝑔/m3
𝜌 𝜔ro
Dimensionless freqencey (a0) = 𝜔ro√ =
𝐺 Vs
3(1−v)I𝜑 3(1−0.5)×1.7×106
Mass ratio (B𝜑) = = = 4.98
8𝜌ro5 8×2000×(2)5
8Gro3 8×50×106×(2)3
K𝜑 = = = 2.13×109N/m
3(1−v) 3(1−0.5)
K𝜑 mro2
Then the natural freqencey (𝜔n) = √ but I𝜑 =
𝑚 4
I𝜑×4 1.7×106×4
m= = = 1700000kg
ro2 4
K𝜑 2.13×109
𝜔n = √ =√ = 35.397Hz
𝑚 1.7×106
Since the motion is at resonance 𝜔 = 𝜔n
𝜔ro 35.397
Then the Dimensionless resonance freqencey (a0) = = = 0.224
Vs 158.114
dynamic amplification factor (M𝜑) = M𝜑(a0, B𝜑)
for a0 = 0.224 and B𝜑 = 4.98 from graph read M𝜑= 40
b) Using analouge solution
M𝜑= 40
