I.
Introduction
The itsy-bitsy spider went up the water spout. Down came the rain
and washed the spider out. Out came the sun and dried up all the
rain, and the itsy-bitsy spider went up the spout again.' The itsy-bitsy
spider song is an example of a pattern. A pattern is a series or
sequence that repeats. The itsy-bitsy spider climbed the water spout,
and then did the same thing again after the weather cleared up.
You can observe patterns - things like colors, shapes, actions, or
other sequences that repeat - everywhere. Think about words or
melodies in songs, lines and curves on buildings, or even in the
grocery store where boxes and jars of various items are lined up.
But, one of the most common places to find patterns is in math.
Math patterns are sequences that repeat according to a rule or rules.
In math, a rule is a set way to calculate or solve a problem.
II. Objectives
Understand Georg Cantor background and his contribution to
Fractal Geometry
Understand Benoit Mandelbrot background and his contribution
to Fractal Geometry
Appreciate the Beauty of Fractal Geometry in real world
III. Definition of terms
Georg Cantor was born on March 3, 1845 in
St. Petersburg, Russia. He studied number
theory in the University of Berlin. He later
became a mathematics professor of the
University of Halle, a position he would remain
in for the rest of his miserable life.
Topic: Patterns Examples
Reporter: Cris Jay P. Angulo
He began to investigate the
infinity. After developing parts of
set theory, Cantor wondered what
would happen if he took a line, split
it in thirds, took away the middle,
and repeated. Would this continue
to infinity. YES! This was the birth
of the first “mathematical monster,” the earliest form of a fractal.
Benoit Mandelbrot was born on November
20, 1924 in Lithuania. His family moved to Paris,
France when he was a child, where his uncle,
Szolem, a studious mathematician, worked.
Unlike his uncle, Benoit Mandelbrot did not
inherit a love for numbers. He was a misfit.
IBM and the FRACTALS
-In the 1950’s a computer company called IBM was looking for
new mathematicians and computer programmers
-Mandelbrot was hired in 1958.
His first task was to find out why there was static in the computer
telephone lines.
-When graphed for 1 day, 1 hour, and 1 second, he realized that
all the static always remained the same. He called this “self-
similarity.”
Recursive Formulas
While at IBM, Mandelbrot tried to solve a problem presented by a
young mathematician named Gaston Julia. (recursive formula)
Topic: Patterns Examples
Reporter: Cris Jay P. Angulo
So substitute a number for the x on the right. Get an answer for x
on the left, and substitute that value on the right again, etc.
Using the IBM computers, Mandelbrot graphed this equation.
The Mandelbrot Set
The graph of the enmquation x=x2+c. Notice that as you zoom
into it, it is self similar. Mandelbrot called this kind of shape a fractal.
Before Mandelbrot, other mathematicians called fractals
monsters, because they iterated infinitely. (Cantor, Weierstrass,
Koch, Sierpinski, Hausdorff, Julia.)
Topic: Patterns Examples
Reporter: Cris Jay P. Angulo
Self-similarity means "looks roughly the same" at different
scales. We see this in nature; here zooming in on a cauliflower (from
H.-O. Peitgen, J. Jürgens, and D. Saupe, Chaos and Fractals: New
Frontiers of Science):
In nature, the self-similarity ends after a few orders of magnitude
of zooming in. But we can give mathematical definitions with
extremely simple rules that generate objects that are infinitely self-
similar.
Real World Fractals
Many people believe fractals are just pretty pictures.
Can you think of any fractals in the real world?
Mandelbrot died on October 14, 2010, knowing that without his
contributions, we would still be living in the Dark Ages.
Topic: Patterns Examples
Reporter: Cris Jay P. Angulo
IV. Activity
Examples:
This is the Koch snowflake by Helge von Koch. It starts of as a triangle,
and smaller triangles are added in the middle third of every straight line.
How many stages does the animation go through?
This is Sierpinski’s Triangle by Waclaw Sierpinski. It begins as a
triangle and continues to add black triangles inside itself.
What stage does the animation begin at? How many stages does the
animation go through?
V. References
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-pattern-in-math-
definition-rules.html
https://georgemdallas.wordpress.com/2014/05/02/what-are-fractals-
and-why-should-i-care/
http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/HistTopics/fractals.html
https://mathigon.org/world/Fractals
Topic: Patterns Examples
Reporter: Cris Jay P. Angulo
Patterns
Examples
By: Cris Jay P. Angulo
Topic: Patterns Examples
Reporter: Cris Jay P. Angulo
