MORPHOLOGY
AFFIXES
Compiled By:
Group 4 (C CLASS)
• Citra Dyahnindya Bagaskara 1601541066
• Ni Kadek Ratna Yunita 1601541068
• Ni Made Ayu Putri Verlinda 1601541069
• Alifya Wahyu Miranda Putri 1601541080
• Ni Made Anney Kastina Putri 1601541083
• Luh Putu Anggina Sutariasih 1601541088
• Ni Made Wimas Ayu Rini Utama 1601541096
English Department
Faculty of Arts
Udayana University
Bali
2018
1. English Vocabulary
English vocabulary include short words like the article a as well as longer word such as
inextricably and denunciation. Short word such as speak and solve are called base words
Base words cannot be reduced to smaller parts. Other words can be added to them to
produce longer words with various meanings.
There are two kinds of word parts: roots and affixes.
A root is a word part that comes from another language, such as Greek or Latin.
An affix is a word part that can be attached to either a root or a base word to create a new
word.
2. Affixes
In English grammar and morphology, an affix is a word element that can be attached to
a base or root to form a new word or new form of the word, usually occurring as either a
prefix or suffix. Put simply, an affix is a group of letters that are generally added to the
beginning or the end of a root word that can change the word's meaning.
As their names would entail, prefixes like pre-, re-, and trans- are attached to the
beginnings of words such as predict, reactivate, and transaction, while suffixes like -ism, -
ate, and -ish are attached to the ends of words such as socialism, eradicate, and childish. In
rare cases, an affix may be added to the middle of a word and is therefore called an infix,
which occurs in such words as cupsful and passersby, where the additional "-s-" affix
pluralizes the words cupful and passerby, thus changing their form.
3. What Is a Prefix?
A prefix is a letter or group of letters attached to the beginning of a word that partly
indicates its meaning, including such as examples as "anti-" to mean against, "co-" to mean
with, "mis-" to mean wrong or bad, and "trans-" to mean across.
The most common prefixes in English are those that express negation like "a-" in the word
asexual, "in-" in the word incapable, and "un-" in the word unhappy. These negations
immediately alter the meaning of the words they are added to, but some prefixes merely
change the form. The word prefix itself contains the prefix pre-, which means before, and
the root word fix, which means to fasten or place. Thus, the word itself means "to place
before."
Prefixes are bound morphemes, which means they can't stand alone. Generally, if a group
of letters is a prefix, it can't also be a word. However, prefixation, or the process of adding
a prefix to a word, is a common way of forming new words in English.
Table of prefixes:
Prefix Meaning Example
un Not; reversal of Un+cover = uncover
re Again, back Re+view= review
in/im In; into; not In+stead = instead
Im+patient= impatient
dis/dif Away; separate Dis+respect = disrespect
en/em In; within En+slave = ensalve
a Not; without A+side = aside
4. What Is a Suffix?
A suffix is a letter or group of letters added to the end of a word or root—its base form—
serving to form a new word or functioning as an inflectional ending. The
word suffix comes from the Latin, "to fasten underneath."
There are two primary types of suffixes in English:
Derivational, such as the addition of "-ly" to an adjective to form an adverb,
indicating what type of word it is.
Inflectional, such as the addition of "-s" to a noun to form a plural telling something
about the word's grammatical behavior.
Table of suffixes:
Suffixes Meaning Example
-s,-es More than one; verb maker Character+s = characters
Reach+es = reaches
-ed In the past; quality, state Walk+ed = walked
-ing Doing something Walk+ing= walking
-ly How Safe+ly = safely
-er One who : action; Drum+er = drummer
compares
-tion Noun Tense+ion = tension
-able, - Able to be Accept+able =
ible acceptable
5. Difference between Affixes and Compound Words
Affixes are bound morphemes, which means that they can't stand alone. If a group of letters
is an affix, it usually can't also be a word. However, Michael Quinion's 2002 book,
"Ologies and Isms: Word Beginnings and Endings." explains the importance of these
affixes to the English language and its ever-evolving usage.
Although quite similar to compounds—which combine two words with separate meanings
to form a new word with a new meaning—affixes must be attached to other words in order
to have meaning in and of themselves, says Quinion.
Still, affixes can often be stacked together in clusters to create complex words much more
easily than compounds can, as David Crystal explains in his 2006 book, "How Language
Works." He uses the example of nation, which can become national as well
as nationalize, nationalization, or denationalization.
REFERENCES:
https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-affix-grammar-1689071
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affix
http://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/affixes.htm
