Philippine Democratic Politics
5. Historical Background of Philippine Democratic Politics
Transcript of PHILIPPINE POLITICAL HISTORY
PHILIPPINE POLITICAL HISTORY
Pre-Spanish Government
UNIT of GOVERNMENT
Prior to the arrival of the Spaniards, the Philippines was composed of settlements or villages, each called
barangay
Barangay is named after “balangay” a Malaysian word meaning ―boat
It consists of more or less 100 families.
It was virtually a state, for it possessed the four basic elements of statehood.
Some joined together as ―confederations‖ mainly for the purpose of mutual protection
against common enemies.
DATU
Each barangay was ruled by a chief called “datu,”in some places, “rajah,” “sultan” or “hadji” in others.
The “datu” was the barangay’s chief executive, lawgiver, chief judge, and military head.
He was assisted usually by a council of elders (maginoos) which served as his advisers.
One could be a datu chiefly by inheritance, wisdom, wealth, or physical prowess.
In form, the barangay was a monarchy with the datu as the monarch.
SOCIAL CLASSES in the BARANGAY
The nobility
(Maharlika)
The freemen
(Timawa)
The serfs
( Aliping namamahay)
The slaves
(Aliping sagigilid)
EARLY LAWS
Written Laws
Promulgated by datus
The two known written are the “Maragtas Code” and the “Kalantiaw Code”:
1. Maragtas Code was said to have been written about 1250 AD by Datu Sumakwel of Panay
2. Kalantiaw Code written in 1433 AD by Datu Kalantiaw of Panay
Unwritten Laws
consisted of customs and traditions which had been passed down from generation to generation
COMPARISON with OTHER ANCIENT GOVERNMENTS
The Spanish Era
In Philippine history, the year 1521 marks the arrival of the first colonial power, and the beginning of what is
often called the Spanish period. This period is thus described as the pre-colonial era or the pre-Spanish era.
The discovery of the oldest surviving written account in the Philippines, an event which occurred in about the
year 900 AD, divides this pre-Spanish era into two separate periods which are covered in separate :
• the period of prehistory ending in 900 AD, followed by
• the pre-Spanish historical period ending in 1521.
SPANISH OCCUPATION
Political leader/s: Governor General /Audiencia Royal/Gobernadorcillo
/ Alcalde Mayor
Form of Government: Macro- Traditional Autocracy
* the Philippines Under the rule of 1 Governor general, He then sent several elite
Spaniards to govern small towns and provinces.
*it's purpose? CENTRALIZATION OF THE ARCHIPELAGO
Political Leaders: President / Prime Minister
Form of Government: 1965-1972 Modernizing Democracy
1972-1986 Modernizing Authoritarian Polity
Due to the declaration of Martial Law, Modernizing Democracy was suspended
Congress was abolished.
two-party system was deactivated
Political leaders: Rajah's, Datu's , Sultan and other Baranggay Chieftains
Type / Form of Government: MICRO-TRADITIONAL AUTOCRACY
* The Rajah (Datu or Sultan) is their supreme leader executes the Legislative, Executive, Judicial & Military Power
* Power only limited within their territory.
An autocracy is a system of government in which a supreme power is concentrated in the hands of one person,
whose decisions are subject to neither external legal restraints nor regularized mechanisms of popular control
American Occupation & Commonwealth of the Philippines.
Political Leaders: American Governor General/
President of the Commonwealth
In 1902-1945 a modernizing democracy was established. In 1946 when the American Government Granted Our
Independence the Filipino Modernizing Democracy has become stronger and more viable until 1972.
1965-1986 MARCOS ERA
What are the Prospects of the Philippines in the year 2000?
1st scenario: Year 2000 is a modern democracy, the Philippines will be industrialized, foreign trade will be greatly
expanded, social services will be very extensive and people will actively participate to the political process.
2nd scenario: the Philippines will establish a modern authoritarian polity, with continuation of martial law and
authoritarian politics and industrialization of the nation.
3rd scenario: a grimmer future of the Philippines. it presents a revolution taking place in the country, wrecking
the economy, disrupting the society and the polity and eventually building ruins a modernizing totalitarian polity,
with communism and socialism as its ideology. The revolution is believed to arise from ideological conflicts,
alienation of the People, Polarization between the rich and the Poor.
1986
MARCOS was OUSTED By PEOPLE POWER and REGAIN DEMOCRACY
1992-1998 RAMOS REGIME
Fidel "Eddie" Valdez Ramos USMA '50, AFP, PLH, GCMG (born March 18, 1928), popularly known as FVR, was the
twelfth President of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998. During his six years in office, Ramos was widely credited
and admired by many for revitalizing and renewing international confidence in the Philippine economy.
year 2000
Estrada Administration
Failure in the Economy
Raged war against MILF
lose the trust of Foreign investors
Controversies like Corruption charges and jueteng
the people revolted against Estrada w/c resulted to EDSA 2
Arroyo Administration
PRESENT ADMINISTRATION1
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