Greeting

Model Phrases:
Good morning
Morning
Good afternoon
Good evening

Hello
Or (Informal)
Hi

Structural Notes:
In the morning
Early in the morning
Mornings
At midday
In the afternoon
Afternoons
At midnight

Greeting Forms:
A nod of the head.
A hand shake.
A wave of the hand.

*Ahmed, look over there. There’s a man waving. I think he’s waving to
you.
Do you speak English?
Situation:
A: Do you speak English? B: Yes, I can speak English fluently.
Or
No, my English is weak.
Or
Only a little.
I’m here to improve my English.
A: What’s your mother tongue? B: Arabic is my mother tongue.
Or
Arabic
Or
Arabic is my native language.
Or
I’m a native speaker of Arabic.
Notes:
I’m monolingual: I master one language.
I’m bilingual: I master two languages.
I’m multilingual: I master three languages or more.

Asking about Health and Other Personal Affairs

Asking Phrases:
How are you?
How do you do? (formal)
How’s everything?
How things are going on?
What’s new?
What progress are you making?
How are you doing?
How’s business?
How’s your family?

Reply:
Fine.
Just fine.
I’m fine thanks.
I’m O.K.
Not so bad.
Pretty well thanks.
Surviving.
So so.
Comsi comsa.
So far so good.

Note:
O.K. = All Correct.

Meeting
Situation 1:
A: Hello, my name’s ………………..
B: Hello, I’m ………………………
A: Where are you from?
B: I’m from …………………. What about you?
Or
Where do you come from?
A: I’m from …………………

Situation 2:
A: Pleased B: The pleasure is mine.
Nice
Glad to meet you
Happy

Situation 3:
A: It’s good
Nice meet
Wonderful to see you again.
Delightful be with
Exciting

Situation 4:
A: Are you surprised to see me? B: Sure.

Situation 5:
A: I haven’t seen you for ages. B: I have been tied up.
Or or
I haven’t heard from you for ages. B: I have been involved with
business.
I got back last Thursday.
Or
 I returned two weeks ago.

Model Phrases:
A: Hello, I’m ……………………….
Or
Hello, my name’s …………………..

What’s your name?

Where are you from?
Or
Where do you come from? B: I’m from ………………..

Notes:
*You can also say any of the following when you see a friend you have
not seen for a very long time:
Sunshine!
What a small world!
Look who is here!
I can’t believe my eyes.

Introductions
(Three persons are usually taking part in any introduction situation)
1-Informal Introduction:
A: This is …. B …….. She’s from …….. …….., this is ……. C ………
B: Hello ……. C ………, nice to meet you.
C: Hello, …….. B ………… nice to meet you.
2-Formal Introduction:
Situation 1:
A: …….. B …….., I’d like you to meet Mr …………
Mr ………., this is ……… B ………., the office manager.
B: How do you do?
C: How do you do?

Situation 2:
A: Mr ……., I’d like to introduce you to the president, Mr ....…., this
is Mr ……
B: How do you do, Mr …………….? Nice to meet you.
C: How do you do, Mr ………….. ? Nice to meet you too.

Model Phrases:
Introduction Phrase Response
Informal Introduction:
Situation 1:
A: This is ……… B ……… He’s from ………… B: Hello, nice to meet you.
C: Hello, nice to meet you.
Or
A: … B …, this is … C …. …C …., this is …. B … B: Pleased to meet you.
C: Pleased to meet you.

Situation 2:
A: Mr …. I’d like to introduce you to Miss … B: How do you do?
C: How do you do?

*This is the ……………….. family.

 Leave-Taking = Parting
1-Preparation for Leaving:
I think I have to leave now.
Very soon.
In a minute or two.

Look at the time, I must be off.

It’s getting late, and I have to go now.

2-Justifying Leaving:
I have an appointment.
A meeting.
A date.
An engagement.
A lecture.
A class.
Situation:
A: I’m leaving for good. B: It was nice to see you again.
Or
I hope we can get together again.

3-Expressions Used on Leaving:

Good to see you. Goodbye.
Goodbye. Take care of yourself.
Bye. Come back soon.
See you later.
Again.
Miscellaneous:
Situation:
A: Have a nice day. B: Same to you.
Weekend.
Trip.
Flight.

Remember me to everyone.
Your family.

Goodnight. (On leaving at night).

Sleep well. Have nice dreams.

Courtesy
You are welcome / you welcome / welcome.
I enjoy your company very much.

It’s very kind of you.

You’ve been very kind.

I wish you all the best.

With my best wishes.

This is lucky for you

Good luck.

This is not too friendly.

Excuse me.

Never mind.
It doesn’t matter.
Forget about it.
Don’t worry.

Situation:
A: I’m so sorry. B: Stop saying you are sorry.

Note:
Good luck * Hard luck
Bad luck

Friendship
1-Meeting for the First Time:
Do you mind if I sit here?
Which way are you going?
Can I walk along with you?
Can you spare me a few minutes?
May I have a word with you?

2-Talking about Yourself:

I’ve just arrived.
I’m here alone.
I’m travelling alone.
I’m here with ……………….
How should I address you?
My initials are H. A. A.

3-Offers:
Would you like a drink?
Something to eat?
To go to the theatre?
To have a rest?
To sit down?
Me to phone?
An early call in the morning?

Would you like me to give you a lift?

Do you need a drive?

I’ve got something (sth.) for you.

Situation:
A: When should we meet?
Or
Can we meet again?
How about tomorrow? B: No, thanks, I’m busy.
Well, next Thursday. That’s a long time from now.

Situation:
A: I hope you haven’t been waiting long. B: Leave me alone.
Don’t be cross with me. I’m sorry.
It won’t happen again.
Situation:
A: Where you off to? B: I’m coming in 5 minutes.
Or
How far?

Situation:
A: Could you drop me off somewhere? B: Yes, by all means.
I really enjoyed it. Me too.
I hope to see you again soon.

Notes:
He’s a tried and a trusted friend.
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
This is my address.
My number is ………………………..
Give me a ring.
Or
Ring me.

Befriend.
Boyfriend, Girlfriend.
 Talking about Yourself
Situation:
A: Hello, my name’s …………………..
B: Hello, I’m …………………………….
Where are you from?
A: From …………………… What about you?
B: I’m from ………………..
A: Are you here on holiday?
B: No, on business.
A: What do you do?
B: I’m a …………………….. What about you?
A: I’m a ………………… Where do you live in?
B: In …………………… Do you know it?
A: No, I don’t.
B: It’s a nice city. I live there with my family.
A: How many children have you got?
B: Three girls. How about you?
Are you married?
A: No, I’m single.
B: Oh, I see. Are you here on holiday?
A: Yes, I am. I’m interested in Italian art.
B: What about your other hobbies?
A: Well. I ‘m very interested in cooking and playing chess.
B: I see. I like chess too. Well, excuse me but I must go to a tennis
match.
A: Oh, I’m interested in tennis too.
Model Phrases:
Questions:
What’s your name?
Where are you from?
Or
Where do you come from?
What do you do? i.e. What’s your job?
Where do you live?
Or
Where do you work?
Are you married?
Or
Are you single?
What are you interested in?
What are your hobbies?

Note: Practice giving answers to the preceding questions.

Further Practice:
Name:
My name’s …………………………
I’m …………………………….
My first name is ……………………..
My family name is ………………………….

Place of Living:
I’m from Mosul. Or I come from Mosul.
I’m Iraqi. Or I come from Iraq.
Age:
I’m forty-two.
I’m younger than I look.
My son is nineteen.

Job:
I’m a lecturer/ an engineer/ a doctor/ a jeweler/ an optician/ a chemist/
a shoe-maker/ a watch-maker/ a money-changer/ a traveller-agent/ a
tailor/an estate agent/ a shop-keeper/ a carpenter/ a pilot/ a teacher/
an accountant.

Qualifications:
I have no qualification.
The primary certificate.
Diploma/ B.A./ B.SC./ M.A./ M.SC./ Ph.D.
I am a graduate of the college of …………………
Technical Institute.

Marital Status:
I’m single.
Married.
Engaged.
Divorced.
A widow (female)/ a widower (male).
Separated.
I’ve got six children.
Two boys and four girls.
No children.
 Twin baby sons.

Miscellaneous:
I’ve my house.
Private car.

I’m broke.
Penniless.
I don’t have much money with me.
I should tighten my expenses.

I’m good at sports.

I’m a visitor to your country.

I’ll be staying few days.
I’m just passing through.

My passport is valid.
Invalid.
Expired.

I’m flying to London.

I’ll be away for a short time.
I’m already late.

I’m safe and sound.

I’m in love.
Out of luck. * lucky.
I started from scratch.

I’m starving.
Hungry.
Thirsty.
Satisfied = full.
Exhausted.
Busy = tied up.
Disappointed.
Fed up with everything.

I like sports/ jogging/ playing chess.

I don’t like …………………….
I can’t stand …………………………
I’m interested in reading.
My hobbies are ……………………….. What about your other hobbies?

My well has run dry.

My days are counted.
My job is driving me mad.
Nobody wants me.
I’m working temporarily in a supermarket.
I missed the bus.
I come here on foot.

Notes:
Mr./ Mrs./ Miss./ Ms.
Son = boy.
Daughter = girl.
It’s baby boy.
Girl.

Interested in Vs. Interesting.

I’m interested in detective stories.
Detective stories are interesting.

Talking about the weather

It’s a nice day.

The weather is perfect today.

Wonderful.
Unusual.
Terrible.

It’s warm.
Sunny.
Hot and clear.
Freezing.
A little windy today.
Humid.
Worse than yesterday.
The weather was bad yesterday.
Good
I like this type of weather.
I wish it would rain.
I’m adjusted to this kind of weather.

We need some rain to make things green.

We don’t get this type of weather at home.

When the weather recovers.

 Giving Yourself Time to Think
Question Giving Time Answer
What’s the date today? Er ………………… It’s the 27th.
.
When are you going to Just a moment while
London? I check in my diary. It’s next Friday.

How many students are Now …. Let me see. It’ll be 24 altogether.

Coming to the party?

How much is a return Well, I’m not quite sure. $15, I think.
Ticket to New York?

What time is the football

Match on TV? Just a moment. It’s at 3.45.

What’s the name of the Um …….. Let me think. Smiths … Yes,

Shop where you bought Smiths.
That book?
Where’s the Chinese Er ……. I’m not I think it’s on the
Restaurant? Quite sure. third Corner.

When is the college party? Just a moment …. It’s on July 21st.

Model Phrases:
Umm …………… I’m not really sure.
Er ……………….. I’m not certain.
Well, I really can’t tell you.
Just a minute while I look/ check in my diary.
Just a moment.
Now, let me see.
Uh, let me think.
I’m not quite sure/ certain.

Time:
Is there a clock round here?

Asking about the Time:

Situation:
A: What time does your watch say?
Or
What time do you have?
Or
What time is it right now?
Or
Do you have the correct (right) time?
Or
Could you tell me the time, please? B: Certainly, it’s ……….
Or
Sure, it’s ……………..
Telling the Time:
My watch says ……………………
It’s ten o’clock sharp.
It’s almost
about
Just
around eight.
close
nearly

I don’t know exactly, but it’s after nine.

I don’t have my watch on right now.
I was just going to ask you the same question.

Miscellaneous:
My watch is slow * fast.
right (correct * wrong).
Wind up your watch.

a.m. ante meridiem.

p.m. post meridiem.

At what time is the meeting?

On what day is the meeting?
In what month are the exams?
When is the first lecture?
I’m late as usual.
I missed the lecture.

The time is up (over).

I’m glad winter is over.
I’m glad summer vacation is over.

Today is the first day of spring.

Can you wait a moment, please?

Wait a moment.
If you wait a moment, I shall attend to you.
Will you excuse me a moment?

Shall we take a break?

Let’s take our break.
I want to have a short rest.
I want to have a nap.
You should take a day or two off and rest.
My mornings are never free.
Take your time.

In time on time.
Rush hour
Rush to work
Tea time
Some years ago
Updated (up to date) * outdated (out of date)
I’m passing (killing) the time.
The sooner we finish this the better.
I believe you will call it a date.
The baby is due in September.
That day hasn’t arrived yet.
He stays out late every evening.
It only takes three weeks to ………………
Postpone until further notice.
Time will tell.
Time flies.

This a waste of time.

Kill the time.
Timetable (agenda)

Fortnight (two weeks)

Fall (autumn)

This coming Monday.

Monday a week.
The day before yesterday.
The night before the last.
The day after tomorrow.
Tomorrow night.
A week from today.
In March.
On March 18th.
At the end of March.
They studied here for a whole month.

Heyday.
Deadline.

Not understanding
Situation:
A: Could you tell me the time, please? B: (Sneezing)
Pardon, I didn’t quite catch that.

Situation:
A: What’s there on TV tonight? B: (Fast answer)
I’m sorry I can’t understand what you
are saying.

Situation:
A: How much does it cost to send a postcard B: (Coughing)
to France?
Sorry?

Situation:
A: What’s your phone number? B: (Speaking quietly)
Could you repeat that, please?

Situation:
A: Could I have your address, please? B: (Answering with
Noisy background)
=
 At the Bank
I want to open an account.
Or
I want to close my account.

How much is the interest?

That’s not too much.

Do you accept travellers’ cheques?

I’d like to cash these travellers cheques.

Notes:
Current account Vs. deposit account.
Interest.
Write out a cheque.
Autoteller.
Balance.

At the Car Park

Can I leave my car here?
Or
Can I park here?

At the Police Station

I want to report an accident.
I have lost my watch. It has a sentimental value.

I’ll be a witness.
Note:
Strictly no entry.

At the Post Office

I want stamps for a letter to ……………….
Or
I want stamps for a postcard to ……………….
Or
I’d like to register this letter.
Or
I want to send this letter by air (express, surface) mail.
Or
Do you dispatch things abroad?
Or
Have you a letter for me?
 Electricity
The lights have gone out.
The light tube is buzzing.
The power plug is not working.
There’s a smell of burning.

Gas
There’s a smell of gas.
It must be a gas leak.
I think the ventilator is blocked.

Water and Water Sewage

We can’t get any hot water.
The sink is stopped up.
The tap is dripping.
The water pipe is leaking.
The water tank has run dry.

Arrivals and Departures

Here’s my passport.
I don’t have extra weight.
Do I have to pay duty?
May I leave now?

Paying a Bill
May I have my bill, please?
Or
Can I have the bill, please?
Or
Will you prepare my bill for the first thing tomorrow?

I don’t understand this item.

I think there’s a mistake.

May I pay by cheque?

May I have a receipt, please?
I didn’t get my money back.
Please give me the change.

The change machine works.

Situation:
A: Have you got any change?
Or
Can you change this ten-dollar note?
B: I’m sorry. I don’t have change.

Note:
Change-machine.
Slot.

At the Coach (Railway) Station

Is this the coach (train) to ……………………?
At what time does the coach (train) leave?
I want a one-way ticket to …………….
I want a return ticket to ……………….

I want to get off at the next stop.

Does one have to queue?

How much is the fare?
Can I pay in foreign currency?
Can I pay in Iraqi money?

Can you help me with my luggage?

How much is per case?
Are the seats numbered?
Is this seat taken (reserved)?
May I change my seat?

It’s too late to ……… * It’s too early to ………….

At the Airport
I’ve missed my flight.
There’re delays on all flights to …………………

Note:
Lost-property office.
Check-in desk * Check-out desk.
Trolly.

At the Optician
I’ve broken my glasses.
Can you change the lenses.
How much will it cost?

I’m short sighted * long sighted.

I’ve watery eyes.

Note:
Cross-eyed.

At the Doctors
You look rather pale.
You look rather tired.

P: I’m not feeling well.

My health isn’t good.
Or
I’m ill.
Or
I feel rather dizzy.
Or
I feel quite sick.

I feel a little sick to my stomach.

I’ve got an upset stomach.
I’ve got indigestion.
My …………… hurts.
My throat is sore.
My nose runs.
I’ve got headache, earache, toothache, backache, fever.
I’ve been vomiting.
I’ve caught cold.
I’m expected a baby. (Note: Ladies only)
I’ve scratched my arm.
I’ve injured my knee.
I’ve hurt my shoulder.
I’ve broken my finger.
I’ve been sweating a lot.
I feel very hot.

Situation:
A: Why don’t you rest for a few minutes?
B: I think I will.

Situation:
P: Patient D: Doctor
P: I need a doctor quickly.
Or
Can you get me a doctor?
Or
Please telephone for a doctor.
Or
Could the doctor come to see me here?
D: What’s the trouble?
Or
Where does it hurt?
 Or
What treatment have you been having?
Please lie down over there.
Please undress to the waist.
Oh, you’re hot and out of breath.
You’re having (suffering from) nervous tension.
P: It’s nothing serious, I hope.
Or
Do I have anything serious?
Dr: It’s nothing to worry about.
Or
You’ve got cold.
Or
You’ve a slipped disc.
You need a rest.
Or
Take some rest.
Or
Rest a while.
Go to bed.
Drink some hot milk.
Go to the hospital for a general check-up.
P: I’d like you to prescribe some medicine.
Thanks for your help, doctor.
What’s your fee?

Note:
Clinic.
Prescription.
On diet.
Tax, fine, fee, fare, rent, tip, salary, wage.

At the Chemist’s
P: Do I need a doctor’s prescription?
Can you make up this prescription?
When will it be ready?
Is it all right for children?
Is it dangerous for children?
Have you got anything for a cold (a sore throat, a cough)?

Situation:
A: You look much better.
B: Yes, I feel better.

Making offers: Accepting and Refusing

Situation:
Offer Accept
………………………… …………………………………
A: Would you like a ………….?
Or
How about a ………………? B: Yes, please. I’d love one.
A: Would you like some …………?
Or
How about some …………..? B: Yes, please. I’d love some.
A: Can I get you a ………….? B: That’s very kind (good) of you, thanks.
Situation:
Offer Refuse
…………………………. ……………………………………….
A: Would you like a ……………..?
Or
Would you like some …………? B: No, thanks, not right now.
A: How about a ………………?
Or
How about some …………? B: No, thanks, not just at the moment.

Situation:
Offer to help with something Accept
……………………………………………. …………………………………………..
A: Let me help you with …………
Or
Can I help you with …………..? B: Thank you, that’s very kind.
Refuse
…………………………….
B: No, thank you. I can manage.
Or
Thanks, but it’s all right.

Further Practice:
Will you have a seat?
Be seated.
Have a seat.
Shall I get a (some) ……………… for you?

Do you need any help?

Can you do me a favour?

Situation:
A: Will that be all? B: Yes, that’s all.

Let me give you a hand with the dishes.

Leave the dishes to me.
Can I help you?
May I help you?
Can I do anything for you?

Situation:
A: Do you want me to wait for you?
B: No, I can take care of everything myself.

Can I give you a lift?

Let me pay for this.

Invitations
Situation:
Invitation Yes
…………………………………… ……………………………………
A: Would you like to ……………?
Or
Are you free to ……………?
Or
Do you want to …………? B: That’s very kind of you. I would love to.
Or
Yes, please. I’d love to.
Or
That would be very nice, I love to.
Or
Yes, I’d love to.

No
……………………………………..
B: That’s very kind of you but I’m afraid I can’t.
Or
Thanks for asking me but I’m afraid I can’t.
Or
Thanks for the invitation but I’m afraid I
can’t. I’m busy then.

Further Practice:
You welcome.
You are welcome.
Visitors are welcome.

Open to visitors.
Open to public.
You are invited.
I’m not invited.
All are invited.

Why don’t you come and eat with us?

Help yourself.

Situation:
A: There’s someone outside to see you. B: Show him in.

We are joining now by Ali.

Asking for permission
Situation:
Asking for permission Yes
…………………………………………. ………………………………………..
A: Is it all right if I ……………….? B: Yes, of course.
Or or
Is it possible for me to ………….? B: By all means.or
Would it possible for me to ………..? B: Certainly, please do.
Could I ………………………..? B: Yes, that’s all right.
Can I ……………………………? B: Yes, of course. Go ahead.
May I ………………………….?
Or
Do you think I could ……………..? B: That’s fine.

No
……………………………………
 B: No, I’m afraid you can’t.
(Note: Give a reason)
Or
I’m sorry but you can’t.
Or
I’d rather you didn’t.
Or
I’m sorry but this …………….

Further Practice:
Do you mind if I sit here?
Smoke?
Let me have a look at it.
Let me do the ironing.
Let Ali stay up late.

Could you let me pass?

May I borrow your …………… for a moment?

SOS: Save Our Souls. (Asking for help)

Likes and Dislikes

Situation:
Likes
A: Would you like to …………………? B: Yes, please. I love ……….
I Enjoy ………
 I like …………
Or
Yes, I’m keen on ………….
Yes, I’m fond of …………….
A: Agreeing:
So do I.
So am I.
B: Disagreeing:
Do you. I don’t.
Are you. I’m not.

Dislikes
B: I don’t like ………………
Or
I can’t stand ……………
Or
I’m not keen on ……
I’m not fond of ……….
Or
I hate …………………

A: Agreeing:
Neither do I.
Neither can I.
Neither am I.
So do I. (In the case of hate)
Disagreeing:
Don’t you? I do.
Can’t you? I can.
Aren’t you? I am.
Do you? I don’t. ( In the case of hate)

Further Practice:
I like him but not that much.
Nobody wants me.

Telephoning
Situation:
A: Mosul 54321. B: Can I speak to ……………, please?
Or
Could I speak to ……….., please?
A: Who is calling? B: This is Dr ………………
This is …………….. speaking.
Or
…………….. speaking.
Or
Speaking.

A: Hold on, please.

Or
I’m afraid she’s not available at the moment.
Or
I’m sorry, she’s out now. Is there a message?

B: Could you tell her to call me back?

Or
Could you tell her Dr …………………. rang.

A: All right.
Or
Yes, certainly, Dr ……………….
Goodbye.

Model Phrases:
1-Asking for someone:
Could (can) I speak to …………………, please?
2-Identifying yourself:
This is …………………….. speaking.
………………………………..speaking.
Speaking.
3-Waiting:
Hang (hold) on while I get him/her.
Just a minute (a moment).
4-Not available:
I’m sorry she/he is out (busy, not available) at the moment.
5-Messages:
Is there any message?
Would you like to leave a message?
 Could you ask (tell) him/her to call me back?

Note:
55432 you say double-five ………………..
Don’t say “Her is …………….” If somebody asks for you on the telephone.
Don’t say “Excuse me” on the telephone.

Telephone set.
Receiver.
Lift the receiver.
Telephone call.
Make a telephone call.
Situation:
S: I want to make a local phone call.
O: Hold the line, please. I’ll put you through. Go ahead, please. You’re
through.

Situation:
S: I want to make a reversed-charge call.
O: What’s the number you’d like to charge this call to?
What number are you calling?
You’ve got the wrong number.
extension.
You gave me the wrong number.

Urgent
Local telephone call.
International
Public telephone.
Public telephone box.

Dialing tone.
Ringing tone.
Paying tone.

The code number.

Dial the code number.
Telephone number.
55048 (Double five-oh-four-eight)
What’s the telephone number of ……………..?
Could you give me the number of …………………?
Could you give me ………………’s number?

Slot.
Operator.
International operator.

Further Practice:
Situation:
S: I was disconnected. O: I’ll connect you.
Or or
I have been cut off. Would you like to reconnect you?
Or or
Have you cut us off? May I return your call?
Or
The connection is so bad. Or
 The line was engaged. Please
try again later. Please, speak
slowly.
S: Would you please transfer this call?

Situation:
A: Someone wants to talik to you on the telephone.
B: Who is it? Do you know?
A: I’m sorry, but I forgot to ask.
B: It’s O.K. I know who it is.

Giving Instructions
Situation:
A: I want to operate this cassette recorder.
Or
I want to boil an egg.
Or
I want to make a cup of coffee.
Or
I want to hang this picture (poster) on the wall.
What do I do first (of all)?
And then (next)?
And third (fourth)?
What’s next?
B: Well, first of all you have to ……………………………………….
Then you ……………………………..
Next you …………………………….
 After that …………………………
Last of all (finally) you …………………………..

Note:
Giving instructions can be done in three ways:
1-You have to (do something).
2-You (do something).
3-Do something.

All in all.
To sum up.
To cut a story short.
Questioning
Will they accept the charge?
Does he come a respectable family?

Situation:
A: Is everything ready?
B: Just about.

Miscellaneous:
What’s it like?
What work am I meant to do?
No point in asking further questions.

Thanking
Thank you.
 Or
Thanks.
Or
I thank you very much.
Or
My thanks.
Or
I’m thankful.
Or
I’m grateful.
Thanks for telling me.

Asking for and Giving Opinions

Model Phrases:
Asking Opinion:
What do you think of ………………………….?
What’s your opinion of ……………………..?
Do you think …………………………….?
Do you like …………………………?
(These phrases are usually followed by a noun or a noun phrase).

Giving Opinion:
I think (it’s, they’re) …………….. (Used with “What do you think of ……..)
In my opinion (it’s, they’re) ….. (Used with “What’s your opinion of…..)
Well, I don’t think …………………………..
Well, it’s (they’re) ………………………..
Yes, I do. I think it’s (they’re) ……………….. (Used with “Do you like)
I am afraid I don’t think it’s (they’re) ……………………
I don’t like it at all.

Note:
It is impolite to disagree strongly with one’s opinion. If you don’t agree.
You should say:
-Well, it’s not too bad.
-I’m afraid I don’t.
-I’m not sure about it.

Notice the following:

Think of (about, opinion of + someone + doing something:
e.g.
What do you think of (about) people smoking in restaurants?
What’s your opinion of people smoking in restaurants?

Further Practice:
Let me give it some thought.
I haven’t made up my mind.
Everything is sky high.

I’m speechless.
I have no idea.
I can’t comment.
I can’t imagine.
I think / suppose / believe so.

He has changed his mind.

He knows nothing about it.
How does that sound?

Some Topics for Discussion:

-Sports are indispensable.
-Jogging is a waste of time.
-Our TV programmes are fantastic.
-Early marriage is something good.
-Computers are wonderful.
-Living in the country is better than living in the city.
-Money is everything.
-To be happy is more important than to have a lot of money.
-Watching TV is a waste of time.
-It’s stupid to wear a seatbelt in a car.
-Environmental pollution is dangerous.
-Education is not that important.
-Sending rockets to the space is a waste of money.
-My city is fantastic.
-Music is terrible.

Getting Surprised
Make your hair stand on end.
I jumped to my feet.
I’ll keep my fingers crossed.

You kidding!
It’s so funny!
How come!
It’s no wonder!
Good, heavens!
Oh, dear!
Uh, take it away!
My goodness me!
I can’t imagine it!
This is unbelievable!

On my mother’s life.

Agreeing and Disagreeing

Model Phrases:
A: Agreeing:
I quite agree.
Yes, of course.
Quite.
You’re (quite) right.
You’re absolutely right.

B: Disagreeing A little:
I’m not so sure about that.
I’m afraid I can’t quite agree (with you).
Oh, do you think so?

C: Disagreeing A lot:
I’m afraid I totally disagree.
 I don’t agree at all.
That’s nonsense.
That’s rubbish.

Problems and Sympathising

Model Phrases:
A: Asking B: Stating the problem A: Sympathising
What’s the trouble? Oh dear, I’m sorry.
Or or
What happened? I’m sorry to hear that.
Or or
What’s the matter? You look terrible. Sorry about that.
Or or
Is anything the matter? You look terrible. What a shame!
Or or
What’s wrong? You don’t look well. Bad luck.
Or or
Is anything wrong? You don’t look well. Is there anything I can do?
(We often explain why) or
I hope you (he, she) ‘ll be
(feel) better soon.

Further Practice:
You’re looking very unhappy.
You’re looking very worried.
You’re looking very bad tempered.
She’s looking sad.
What happened to you?
What’s wrong with it?
What’s bothering you?

*Problems:
I don’t feel well.
I’ve got an awful cold.
I’ve got an awful headache.
I’ve got a temperature today.
I’ve got a bad back.
I’ve got a terrible backache.
I’ve got a stiff neck.
I’ve broken my glasses.
I’ve lost my watch, passport, wallet.
I’ve lost my job.
I didn’t sleep well.
I’d terrible dreams last night.
I’ve so many things on my mind.
I’m rather puzzled.
I’ve dropped something.
I’ve hurt my arms.
I’ve been swindled.
I failed in driving test.
I’m confused.
I’ve left my shopping on the bus (train).
I’ve failed an examination at school.
I’ve missed the last train.
My car’s broken down.
My head is killing me.
My wife broke her leg skiing.
My mother is ill.
My son is ill. 53
My neighbours are not very friendly.
My neighbours are very noisy.
My neighbours are playing loud music late at night.
My friend’s car was stolen at the Sport Centre.
I’m dying to see my family.
I’m dying for a cold drink.
We’ve had burglars.
He grabbed me by throat.
He drove his car into a wall.
He usually bumps into people.
He pulled my hair.
He’s so nervous.
He played a trick on me.
He’s a trouble maker.
He’s addicted. (to drugs)
He was caught red-handed.
He is accused of drinking and womanizing.
He has a broken leg.
She picked on me.
She can’t get out.

*Miscellaneous:
He knocked Ali’s teeth down his throat.
They are going to get divorced.
a divorce.
Save someone the trouble.
It’s better to be safe than sorry.
54
Asking for and Giving Advice
Situation:
Asking for Advice Advice Phrase
A: I’ve got (this problem). Why don’t you …….
What do you suggest? Or
or I think you should ………
What can I do about it? Or
or If I were you, I’d …….
What (do you think) I should do? Or
You’d better ………
(Followed by the base form of the verb)
Or
What about …………….
Or
How about …………….
(Followed by –ing form)
*Further Practice:
Be careful.
Be polite with
Let bygones be bygones.
Forget about it.
Be as brief as you can.
Be all ears = Listen carefully.
You mustn’t stay in bed.
Don’t smoke in public places.
Don’t judge by appearance.
Don’t take it to heart.
Don’t take it seriously.
Don’t be so frightened.
Don’t be dishearted.
Don’t use that language.
Don’t panic.
Don’t poke your nose into others affairs.
Don’t crack your fingers.
Don’t bite your nails.
Don’t be pushy.
Don’t be cross with me.
Mind your head.
Mind your step.
Mind your own business.
Don’t wear make-up.
Don’t wear long hair.
Watch out.
Handle that thing carefully.
Stand for yourself a bit more.
Keep on trying.
Take (Have) some medicine.
Take (Have) an aspirin.
Go to the travel agency.
Contact the bank.
Report the police.
See the doctor.
Go to the optician.
Take the car to the garage.
Get a taxi.
Book a room in a hotel.
Buy some flowers.
Write a letter to complain.
Why don’t you be more aggressive?
behave yourself?
keep quiet?
leave it to me?
relax for a while?

Apologising
Model Phrases:
Apologise Response
Accepting Apology (Not Angry)
Oh, I’m awfully sorry. I ………….. Oh, well, …… never mind.
Or or
Oh, I’m terribly sorry. I …………. Oh, don’t worry.
Or or
I’m extremely sorry. I …………….. It’s O.K.
Or or
I’m very sorry. I …………….. That’s all right.
or
It doesn’t matter.

Refusing Apology (Angry)

Sorry I’m late but I …………. Well, how on earth did that happen?
Or or
I’m awfully sorry but I ……….. What! You should be more careful.
Or
How did you do that?

Note:
Apologise/ze /gai/ apology (n) /gy/
Oh well ………. Is used to show that you are not angry.

If you step on someone’s foot or bump into someone you say:

Sorry.
Or
I’m sorry.
The response is:
That’s all right.
O.K. don’t worry.

Further Practice:
I’m sorry, I was not aware I was making news.
I’m sorry to be such a pest.
I’m sorry to interrupt.
I’m sorry, I really didn’t mean it.
I’m terribly sorry.
I do apologise.
I do beg your pardon.
I’m afraid I haven’t got it with me.
I must apologise for not recognizing you.
your voice.
your son.
I’m sorry. That was really clumsy for me (self-criticism).
Please accept our sincere apologies for any inconvenience we’ve
caused.
(Written and Formal Apology)
Complaining
Model Phrases:
Complain Response
I’m afraid …………………… I’m terribly sorry. I’ll ………
Or or
I’m sorry but ……………… I’m very sorry to hear that.
Or or
I’m afraid I have a complaint to make ….. I’m extremely about that.

Note:
Complain (v.) complaint (n.)

Further Practice:
I want to make a complaint.
I gather that you wish to make a complaint.
 Congratulations and Compliments
Model Phrases:
A: Congratulations:
Congratulations on your ……………………………
Congratulations! (When somebody has done something good.
e.g. got a new job, passed an exam, won a prize, etc.)

I’m (so) happy (pleased, delighted) (to hear) about that.

That’s great (fantastic, marvelous).
Well done!

B: Compliments:
What a wonderful (lovely, beautiful) car (dress, baby, picture).
I think it’s marvelous (super, great). (If somebody asks “What do
you think of …? Or “Do you like my?

I (really) like your (new) car (apartment, suit).

That was delicious (excellent, wonderful)

C: Response:
Thank you.
Thank you very much.

Note:
If you want to compliment somebody without being asked, you can say:
You look very nice (smart, elegant, handsome).
I like your new shirt (shoes, trousers).
What a nice hat (watch, car).
What a fantastic dress!
What a delightful book!

Further Practice:
Please give (pass on) him (her) my congratulations when you see him
(her).
He was showered with compliments.

By the way, we are going to get married.

By the way, we are getting engaged.

You are better than anyone else on the course.

Your scarf goes very well with your new dress.
This hat goes with your gloves.
What a smart tie you’re wearing!
I’m very impressed by the way ………………
I’m mad (crazy) about it.

Your name is good.

Your hair is tidy.
Your tie is straight.

If you can do, good for you.

Financial Affairs
I’m broke = I’m penniless.
Situation:
A: How much money do you have?
B: Not very much.
I don’t have much (enough) money with me.
I’ve lost my money.

How much do I owe you?

A: Could I borrow some money from you?
B: What do you need it for?
A: I need to pay my telephone bill.
B: Stop at the bank to get it.

They’re in the red.

They’ll ask for their money back.

The firm has recovered.

Business is picking up.

He’s a wealthy person.

His wealth helps him a lot.
He paid me for the job.
rich = wealthy = well-to-do.

I donated some money to charity.

I deposited some money in my bank account.
I invested the rest in my brother’s business.
I want to save some money.

I’d like to open an account.

I want to check my balance.
I want to withdraw.
How much is the interest?

I’d like to cash this cheque.

Do you have an identification?

Have you made very much money this year?

How much do you make (save) a month?
How much did you make last week?
How much do you spend a month?
What’s your salary a month?
What’s your income?
What are you saving money for?

How things are in the world of finance?

Money goes very fast these days.

Don’t keep or carry large amounts of cash.

I paid good money.

Money talks.
Money is the root of all evil.
Charity begins at home.

International money order.

Banking services (interests, charges)

Traffic and Cars

One-way traffic.
Two-way traffic.

Traffic jam / rush hour

Situation:
A: You are driving too fast.
B: What’s the speed limit?
A: It’s 50 m.p.h.
B: Then, I’m under limit.
Maximum speed limit.
You mustn’t break the speed limit.
You must drive on the left.

No Overtaking = No Passing.
No Parking.

Situation:
A: Why don’t we park the car here?
Parking meters.
B: That’s a no-Parking Zone.

Situation:
A: The traffic is very heavy.
B: It’s always bad at this time of the day.

Situation:
A: You drive very well.
B: Thanks. I always try to be cautious.

Steady pressure on the accelerator and brakes is important.

Situation:
A: The car won’t start.
B: The battery is dead.
A: Could you look over it?
I’ll check the car up.

Left tire / right tire.

The tire is flat.
Could you change my right tire?

*Miscellaneous:
Hope for best, plan for worst.
Not all that glitters is gold.
You have to select horses for courses.
Too much analysis leads to paralysis.
To whom it may concern.
Esq. = Esquire.
C/o care of.
Top secret.

I’ve washed my hands of him.

We are not in the public.

We are in the same boat.
An old head on young shoulders.
Have one foot in the grave.

I want Ali personally.

I’m up to my eyebrows in work.
Eyebrow pencil.

A slip of the tongue.

Tongue twisters.
Brain twisters.
Puzzles.

To save face * to lose face.

To keep word * to break word.
On my word = I promise.

I’d like to have a better position.

It’s very unusual for me to be at home.

Watch word / pass word.

A house with no wife is like a kitchen without knife.

I’ll try my best.

Honorary member.