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ELCB Experiment

The document describes an experiment to study the working of an Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB) and understand the importance of earthing. There are two types of ELCBs - voltage-operated and current-operated. The experiment involves creating high and low earth leakage faults in a circuit protected by an ELCB. When a low fault is created, the ELCB does not trip and the bulb remains on, but when a high fault is created the ELCB trips instantly and the bulb turns off, demonstrating its protection against electric shock from earth faults.

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Shubham Singh Rathore
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2K views4 pages

ELCB Experiment

The document describes an experiment to study the working of an Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB) and understand the importance of earthing. There are two types of ELCBs - voltage-operated and current-operated. The experiment involves creating high and low earth leakage faults in a circuit protected by an ELCB. When a low fault is created, the ELCB does not trip and the bulb remains on, but when a high fault is created the ELCB trips instantly and the bulb turns off, demonstrating its protection against electric shock from earth faults.

Uploaded by

Shubham Singh Rathore
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Experiment Overview: Provides the objective, list of apparatus, and theoretical background needed to understand and perform the experiment on ELCBs.
  • ELCB Analysis: Discusses advantages, disadvantages, and current types of voltage and earth leakage circuit breakers, with diagrammatic support.
  • Procedural Guide: Gives a detailed procedural guide for the ELCB setup and operation, including block diagrams and step-by-step instructions.
  • Conclusion and Safety: Presents the experimental results and outlines necessary safety precautions to follow during the experiment.

Experiment No.

Objective:

To perform & study the working of ELCB & understand importance of earthing.

Apparatus Required:

House Wiring Trainer Kit.

Theory:

An ECLB is one kind of safety device used for installing an electrical device with high earth
impedance to avoid shock. These devices identify small stray voltages of the electrical device
on the metal enclosures and intrude the circuit if a dangerous voltage is identified. The main
purpose of Earth leakage circuit breaker (ECLB) is to stop damage to humans & animals due
to electric shock.

There are two types of ELCBs.


1. Voltage Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (Voltage-ELCB)
2. Current Earth Leakage Current Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (Current-ELCB).

Voltage Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (Voltage-ELCB):


Voltage-ELCB is a voltage operated circuit breaker. The device will function when the Current
passes through the ELCB. Voltage-ELCB contains relay Coil which it being connected to the
metallic load body at one end and it is connected to ground wire at the other end.

The ELCB detects fault currents from live to the earth (ground) wire within the installation it
protects. If sufficient voltage appears across the ELCB’s sense coil, it will switch off the power,
and remain off until manually reset. A voltage-sensing ELCB does not sense fault currents
from live to any other earthed body.
Fig.1.1 Layout diagram of Voltage-ELCB

Advantages of Voltage ELCB:


1. ELCBs have one advantage over RCDs: they are less sensitive to fault conditions, and
therefore have fewer nuisance trips.
2. Voltage-operated ELCB are the requirement for a second connection, and the
possibility that any additional connection to earth on the protected system can disable
the detector.
3. Nuisance tripping especially during thunderstorms.

Disadvantages of Voltage ELCB:


1. They do not detect faults that don’t pass current through the CPC to the earth rod.
2. As electrically leaky appliances such as some water heaters, washing machines and cookers
may cause the ELCB to trip.
3. ELCBs introduce additional resistance and an additional point of failure into the earthing
system.

Current Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (Current-ELCB):


Current-operated ELCBs are generally known as Residual-current devices (RCD). These also
protect against earth leakage. Both circuit conductors (supply and return) are run through a
sensing coil; any imbalance of the currents means the magnetic field does not perfectly cancel
The device detects the imbalance and trips the contact.
Fig.1.2 layout diagram of current-ELCB

Block Diagram:

Fig. 1.1 Block Diagram of operate ELCB


Procedure:
1) Make the wiring as per the wiring sequence.
2) Now switch on AC supply by making ON 1.4A MCB on EMT 16A panel.
3) Now observe that the bulb will be ON.
4) Now keep SW2 (SPDT) on EMT36 at right side so that the resistance will selected and
press push button SW1 on EMT 36 so that low earth current will flow & ELCB will not
trip for this low leakage. And hence the bulb remains ON
5) Now keep SW2 (SPDT) on EMT 36 at left side so that the bulb will select and press
push button SW1 on EMT 36 so that high earth current will flow & ELCB will trip
automatically for high leakage. And hence the bulb will be OFF. Thus you can create
high earth leakage fault.

Table 1.1 Observation table for

Sr.no Device Device position Result


1 SPDT(SW2) Sw2-Right side and Bulb remains ON
SW1 pressed
2 SPDT(SW2) Sw2-Left side and Bulb will be OFF
SW1 pressed
Result:

From the above experiment it is observed that ELCB is used for earth fault protection.

Precautions:

1) Do not put on the supply until the circuit is checked by concerned teacher.
2) Do not touch any live part of circuit.

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