FACTORING
Summary of steps for factoring a polynomial:
1. Factor out any common factors.
2. If the polynomial is a binomial, check whether it can be rewritten as the difference of two squares, the
difference of two cubes, or the sum of two cubes.
3. If the polynomial is a trinomial, check whether it is a perfect square trinomial. If not, factor by trial and error
(guessing), or apply the AC Method.
4. If the polynomial has more than three terms, try factoring by grouping.
Factoring Out a Common Factor:
Example 1:
Example 2:
The Difference of Two Squares:
Factoring formula:
Note: The sum of two squares is NOT factorable.
Example 1: break down in to squares
factor using formula
Example 2: break down in to squares
factor using formula
Example 3: break down in to squares
– factor using formula
factor using formula
simplify
The Difference and Sum of Two Cubes:
Factoring formulas:
Example 1: break down in to cubes
factor using formula
simplify
Example 2: break down in to cubes
factor using formula
simplify
Example 3:
Example 4:
Example 5:
Example 6:
( )
Example 7:
Example 8:
Perfect Square Trinomial:
Factoring formulas:
Example 1:
Example 2:
AC Method: For an in-depth description of this procedure see SLAC handout: AC Method.
Example 1:
factor out any common factors
apply factor by grouping
Example 2:
factor out any common factors
apply factor by grouping
2
Grouping:
Example 1:
Example 2:
( ) ( )
Practice Problems: Factor the following polynomials.
1.
2.
3. 5
4.
5.
6.
Answers:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Revised: Spring 2014 by Dr. Westbrook
STUDENT LEARNING ASSISTANCE CENTER (SLAC)
Texas State University-San Marcos