Nishat Agricultural Farm

INTRODUCTION
Nishat Agri (Pvt) Limited contains almost 1200 acres. Nishat Agri Farming has four different farms at
different locations.

NAF- 1
NAF-2
NAF-3
NAF-4

NAF-1:
It consists of 685 acres. This farm has 5 central pivot system and three towable system. and have some
flood area, where system c n‟t inst ll due to small area. This farm has fodder crops (Alfalfa, Rodhes grass)
and wheat crop.

NAF-2:
It consists of 394 acres. There are two central pivot system and three towable [Link] farms have a
same building structure. This form has fodder crop (Alfalfa) and maize crop for silage.
NAF-3:
It contains 61 acres. This farm is not a modern like NAF1 and NAF2. All areas are flooded, they
will be mechanized in future. This farm has maize crops for silage.
NAF-4:
It consists of 64 acres. This farm also not a mechanized and has flooded area.
Center Pivot Irrigation
Center-pivot irrigation (sometimes called central pivot irrigation), also called water-wheel and circle
irrigation, is a method of crop irrigation in which equipment rotates around a pivot and crops are watered
with sprinklers.
Center pivot irrigation is a form of overhead sprinkler irrigation consisting of several segments of pipe
(usually galvanized steel or aluminum) with sprinklers positioned along their length, joined together and
supported by trusses, and mounted on wheeled towers. The machine moves in a circular pattern and is fed
with water from the pivot point at the center of the circle.
Benefits:
• Center-pivot irrigation uses less labor than many other surface irrigation methods, such as furrow
irrigation.
• It also has lower labor costs than ground-irrigation techniques that require digging of channels.
• Also, center-pivot irrigation can reduce the amount of soil tillage. Therefore, it helps reduce water
runoff and soil erosion that can occur with ground irrigation.
• Less tillage also encourages more organic materials and crop residue to decompose back into the soil. It
also reduces soil compaction
Components of Centre Pivot:
1. Pivot Point:
The pivot point anchors the machine to a permanent location in the field. Not only is it an anchor, but
it also houses a system of subcomponents that contribute to the overall functionality of the pivot.
These important subcomponents are the pivot legs, riser pipe, pivot swivel, control panel, J-pipe, and
collector rings.
A) Pivot Legs - The pivot legs hold up the pivot point and give the machine its structure. The four
pivot legs are typically bolted to a concrete pivot pad, providing support.
B) Riser Pipe - The riser pipe is connected to the first span through the pivot swivel. The purpose of
the riser pipe is to supply water to the rest of the pivot.
C) Pivot Swivel - The pivot swivel is an elbow-shaped fitting that connects the riser pipe to the first span.
D) Control Panel - The control panel is mounted and accessed at the pivot point. The control panel gives
the machine commands to start, stop, move in reverse, pump water, and many other functions.
E) J-Pipe - The J-pipe houses the power and control circuit wires. These wires move through the J-pipe to
the collector ring assembly.
F) Collector Ring - The collector ring assembly is made up of stationary brass rings with contact brushes
that rotate around them. This assembly makes it possible for a continuous flow of electricity to run
through the machine as it rotates around the pivot point.
3. Spans:
Spans are the backbone of the whole center pivot structure. Spans consist of pipes that transfer water to
the field vi the pivot‟s sprinaler p ca ge. The sp n pipes re supported by trussing nd the drive units.
4. Drive Units:
The drive units and the supporting structure are also known as towers. They provide clearance above the
crop for the spans and control the movement of the machine. Each drive unit consists of a drive motor,
gearboxes, wheels, and an electrical control box known as a tower box.
5. Tower Boxes:
Each drive unit has a tower box that uses various components to control pivot movement and alignment.
Span cables carry 120 and 480 volts of alternating current (VAC) to each tower box. Tower boxes then
send 480VAC to the drive motors when signaled to move
by the 120VAC control circuit.

6. End-Gun:
The end-gun in center pivots covers the remaining area which is not under the sprinklers or the area which
is near the boundary of the field.
End-Gun covers about 36 feet.

Towable Pivot

• We can irrigate multiple fields with the towable pivot.

1. Towable Point:
In towable point is a tractor is used which helps to move the pivot from one field to the other field. The
towable point consists of some sub-components. These important subcomponents are the tractor, riser
pipe, pivot swivel, control panel, J-pipe, and collector rings.

• Riser Pipe - The riser pipe is connected to the span through the pivot swivel. The purpose of the riser
pipe is to supply water to the rest of the pivot.
• Pivot Swivel - The pivot swivel is an elbow-shaped fitting that connects the riser pipe to the span.
• J-Pipe - The J-pipe houses the power and control circuit wires. These wires move through the J-pipe to
the collector ring assembly.
• Collector Ring - The collector ring assembly is made up of stationary brass rings with contact brushes
that rotate around them. This assembly makes it possible for a continuous flow of electricity to run
through the machine as it rotates around the pivot point.

2. Control Panel:
The control panel is the brains of the operation. It allows the operator to control the entire machine by
sending commands to tower boxes mounted on each drive unit. The control panel controls the stopping,
starting, forward and reverse movements of the pivot, water usage, and much more.
3. Span:
Spans are the backbone of the whole pivot structure. Spans consist of pipes that transfer water to the field
vi the pivot‟s sprinaler p ca ge. The sp n pipes re supported by trussing nd the drive units. Towable pivots
only have a single span.

4. Drive Unit:
The drive units and the supporting structure are also known as towers. They provide clearance above the
crop for the spans and control the movement of the machine. Each drive unit consists of a drive motor,
gearboxes, wheels, and an electrical control box known as a tower box.

5. Tower Box:
Each drive unit has a tower box that uses various components to control pivot movement and alignment.

6. End-Gun:
The end-gun in towable pivots covers the remaining area which is not under the sprinklers or the area
which is near the boundary of the field. End-Gun
covers about 100 feet.
Weather station:
The weather data sets were recorded throughout the farm using smart weather stations.
 Traits such as temperature, rainfall, humidity, wind velocity and sunshine hours are being record
regularly. Such data helps calculate irrigation scheduling of central pivot system.
 There is a mobile app for these weather stations ..
Soil Sensor:
 There is a three-soil sensor at different level of depth like 1st is at 12inch, 2nd at 24inch and third
one is at 36inch. This data was collected from base which are installed at different places. By
seeing this date, we can apply the irrigation, and decide how much water is required to the crops.
Machinery at Farm
CLAAS JAGUAR 870 (Harvester)
Mower
 First cut alfalfa and then press and through backside.
 It contains a very sharp blade which cut the alfalfa and Rodhes grass.
 Its works on 1000 RPM.
 It was cutting the alfalfa acre per 2.5 minute.
Baler

 It is a very efficient machine. It baled the one acre in 5 to 7 minutes. It also chopped the hay to
adjust them
Arcusin
 It was used to pick the bale from field automatically.
 It picked the bale and adjust them in the backside.
Raker
 Raker are used to line the harvested Alfalfa and Rhodes grass to make the rows.
 It was designed in such a way that it works without connected the PTO.

Swardo
 It is used to make the one row from two rows and also clean the field.
Tedder
 It is used for spreading the Alfalfa and Rhodes grass to attain the dry form.
 To lower down the moisture .