http://spaceplanning.missouri.

edu/standards

Introduction

Types of Interior Programs

Interior Space Program

Site Selection Program
Furniture Program
Budget Program

Interior Space Program

It is an accounting of interior space before planning and design of an interior project. It is an essential preplanning tool on
projects that range from medium to large scales due to their complexity. The primary purpose of a space program is to
determine the space, furniture, equipment and special needs of a company for movein and future.

The space program is the foundation of the designer's work. It acts as a guide during the study and the preparation of
space layout. It is also a communication tool between the designer and the client. During the development of the program,
the programmer will solicit detail information from the client about the company's history, organization, operations,
policies, personnel and group requirements that make up the company. Much of the programming effort focuses on
quantitative calculations using basic unit takeoff that derives from revision of existing space standards from the company
or from industry standards.

The final program book includes overall space summary for movein, personnel and space projections for future, building
feasibility analysis, space distribution analysis and planning recommendations for the new space. Some programmers
generate additional company space statistics by comparing the types and usage of spaces between the company's
organizational units that are meaningful to identify growth patterns and planning directions. The statistic aims to provide
interior planners with additional information that will influence space layout decisions.

Site Selection Program

Often programmers need to evaluate multiple sites at different locations to arrive at a recommendation for a new project.
The study includes comparative analysis of different buildings on locations, space size, building facilities, parking
availability, neighborhood conditions, traffic density, lease provisions, flexibility for changes, demolition costs and budget.

Furniture Program

This type of program studies the furniture and equipment need of the company for movein and future. It explores new
purchase programs and methods of inventory reuse. It evaluates the economic feasibility of using all new furniture
program as compare to the percentage reuse of existing inventories. It takes into considerations the discount structure of
new purchases, salvage returns, cost of refinishing or reconditioning of old inventories.

Budget Program

Interior projects include two separate budgets, the general construction budget and the furniture and equipment budget.
This program evaluates and explores how to distribute both of these budgets efficiently within a project. Both studies
involve quantitative calculations using basic unit cost and through repetitive use of these generate the total company
budget. The budget distribution takes into account the physical, functional and environmental requirements of each area,
the esthetic needs, the quality expectation of each area and the hierarchy level of its users within the company.

Program Overview

Phase 1 Define Program Data

Initial effort includes putting together a planning team, setting up time schedule for program completion and policy
decisions on data collection and data handling techniques. This early work provides background information to the
program. The end users of the new space will be interviewed to identify the probable needs of the project. The results will
be documented and verified through the proper communication.

1. Initialize Program
2. Define Problem, Scope and Goals
3. Develop Data Base and Collect Data

Phase 2 Generate Company Space Data

This is the core of the space program and the number crunching phrase. The programmer first revise or generates the
personnel and group space standards which is the foundation of all square footage assignments. Through repeated use of
the space standards, the programmer formulates the space summary of each organizational unit and that of the total
company. The programmer steps through a series of rough drafts on the program, follow by addtional interviews and
revisions before finalizing a program. Space projection is an essential element in studying the future need of the Client.
Depending on the company need and size, the space data normally include space projections from 5 years to 20 years.

1. Generate or Revise Space Standards

2. Generate Detail Listing of Organizational Units and Subunits
3. Tabulate Space Summary of Total Company

Phase 3 Generate Analysis and Findings

This is the analysis and the synthesis of the program.

In order to gain a clear understanding of the client's growth pattern and flexibility requirements, the programmer studies,
compares and breaks down the data. The studies may include building feasibility, proximity between major organizational
units, growth projections between major organizational units and that of the total company, relative ratios between
different types of spaces. The purpose of the studies is to identify the growth patterns of the company, degree of flexibility
within company and whether there is any discrepancies on the data received. The addition studies are useful in making
informed decision on planning direction and on how best to allocate the spaces efficiently within the new spaces.

The resulting program includes a summary that illustrates the horizontal and vertical distributions of space using
distribution tables and the blocking and layering diagrams. The summary also provides written recommendations to the
client on how to work, utilize, change and resolve problems within the selected building for movein and future.

1. Building Feasibility Analysis

2. Comparative Data Analysis
3. Proximity Analysis
4. Space Distribution Analysis
5. Blockings and Layerings
6. Planning Guidelines and Recommendations

3. Analyze Information Handling Techniques

The planning team and the programmer need to determine the best method to transmit and process information between
the two parties. The planning team should review and verify all information before sending to the programmer so as to
avoid time loss from receiving irrelevant data.

Define Problem, Scope and Goals

Define Problems and Scope

The first objective of the program is to determine the project requirements and the scope of the problem. To achieve this,
the programmer must meet with the planning team and define the problem.

Define company type, business and operations

Define problem whether to renovate existing space, relocate to a new leasing space or build a new building

Define location of project whether to relocate to specific area, specific building or explore new sites
 Define major operational requirements: size of company, total number of employees and approximate overall
space requirements

Define existing problems such as communications, reoganizations, productivity, flexibility, security, storages,
environmental or technical

Define physical constraints such as space size and location, proximity requirments, furniture, materials and
equipments limitations if any

Define environmental constraints such as lighting, acoustics and humidity if required in any areas

Define Design Goals

The programmer need to define the what the client expects to achieve in the new project.

Define company image to public if any

Define operational goals such as ease of communication, maintenance, and adaptability to changes
Define aesthetic needs such as client's preference for style, mood, character and quality
Define company's future planning directions and space projections such as personnel projections,
implementation of new equipments, automations, new operations and management
Define budget goals at initial movein and future replacements
Define time for project completion

Define Program Goals

The programmer must also document the purposes of the space program and the expected results of the program. The
major goal of the program is to generate the overall space requirement for the company for both movein and future. Other
goals may include:

Update company organizational charts

Revise or develop work station standards
 Generate space summary of each organizational units and subunits
Generate overall company space summary
Generate company space statistics
Generate adjacency information and diagrams
Generate distribution summary, blocking and layering diagrams
Generate planning guidelines and recommendations for the new space

Develop Data Base and Collect Data

Before any data collection, the programmer first identifies the data base and develops the methodologies for data
collection. Through interviews and discussions with the client, the programmer reviews, verifies and filters all data
received and resolves any discrepancies that might arise during the process.

Information to be Collected:
The types and the amount of information to be collected vary according to the need, complexity and history of the
company. Information list:

1. Collect company backgound:

o existing company image
o nature of business
o company historical data from 5 to 20 years if available
o company administrative policies
o company organization structure
o personnel hierarchy
o dramatic changes in the past and their influence

2. Collect information on all organizational units and subunits

o existing organizational units and subunit names
o existing organizational units and subunit codes
 o existing company organization chart showing company structure and relationships of major units or
subunits
o existing personnel organization charts of each organizational unit showing the names of individual
users, job categories, hierarchy, and how they relate to each other within each unit.

3. Collect existing personnel information

o names of hierarchy levels : executives, managements, mid-managements, low-managements,
supervisories, non-supervisories, professionals, non-professionals, non-managements
o listing of types of spaces: private, semiprivate, open
o listing of all personnel job categories and how they relate to each hierarchy level
o listing of existing space standards showing space sizes, furniture sizes, types and area arrangements
with assignment to corresponding job categories
o policies regulating selection options of finishes and accessories with corresponding job categories

4. Collect existing operational requirements by unit:

o Listing of personnel requirements by organizational unit showing corresponding job categories and
existing space standards assignments
o listing of support space requirements for work groups within each organizational unit: space size,
funiture, equipments, area arrangements and any special conditions
o listing of special use area requirements within each organizational unit: space size, funiture,
equipments area arrangement and any special conditions
o listing of common use area requirements that are shared by all organizational units on the company
level: space size, funiture, equipments area arrangement and special conditions

5. Collect communication requirements

 o adjacency information between organizational units or subunits
o adjacency information between common use spaces and the organizational units
o adjacency information between individuals within each organizational units or subunits
o adjacency information between support and special use spaces with individuals within each
organizational unit or subunits
o Listing of organizational units and subunits with frequent public contact
o Listing of organizational units with heavy paper flow
o Listing of organizational units with frequent telephone, fax or computer contacts

6. Collect information on existing inventories

o Document existing furniture and equipments by types, styles, sizes, manufacturers
o Identify items that are reusable and in good condition
o Identify items that are reusable but requires refinishing or reupholstering
o Identify items that are salvageable for resale
o Identify items that are to be thrown away

7. Collect personnel history and forecast

o Collect personnel historical data of each organizational unit and subunit and that of the total company
if available
o Identify significant data that is used for past personnel projection if available
o Collect personnel forecast from Personnel unit or from Administrative unit
o Collect personnel forecast from each organizational unit showing specific job categories if available
o Collect group space forecast if available
o Identify any issues or use of technology that might affect future personnel and space forecast
 8. Identify constrains, existing and/or anticipated problems
o Listing of design priorities
o Listing of budget priorities
o Identify time schedule
o Identify quality expectation: expensive, average or economical
o Identify building constrains: size, shape, location, building modules, mechanical, structural, electrical,
communication systems and physicial limitations
o Identify administrative structure: stable or dynamic
o Identify company flexibility requirements in the past and future
o Identify employee productivity
o Identify new or change of image
o Listing of existing problems within the organizational units or within the group spaces

Office Space Standards Overview

Contents

Overview
Space Standard Features

Overview

In office design, flexibility in planning is essential in order to accommodate changes of occupancy over time in a cost
effective manner. For this reason, and due to the potential construction cost savings from the application of a repetitive
geometry, it is always desirable to use a modular planning approach.
Most buildings these days work on a building module of 5' or 4'. The size of the building module in an office building is
always defined by the architect. The factors that affect such module are based on varying factors such as site conditions,
structural systems, spacing of window mullions, columns, ceiling layout, etc. Interior planner and designer for the project
will need to response to the same modularity in the design of the interior space. If the project consists mostly of enclosed
spaces, the exterior wall and window design will become an important determinant of the room modules since the location
of the interior partitions are governed by the mullion modularity along the perimeter walls. If the space is relatively open,
then the ceiling module, lighting, telephone and electrical locations will be more of a determinant factor. Space standards
are repetitive spaces that must be created using the similiar building modularity in order to gain accessibility to building
systems.

To achieve modularity, it is important to simplify the number of different spaces or standards used within an office. In
addition to the personnel standards, the common group areas such as supporting area, special use areas or the common
use areas can also be easily standardized.

Space Standard Features

A space standard is a study of the space size, furniture requirements and area arrangement for an area of activity that is
responsive to the need of the company. The activity area may be a personnel space or a shared facility such as files,
storages, conference room, reception area or etc. A typical space study should include:

An illustration of all furniture requirements

An approximate arrangement of all furniture used in the space
An approximate space size as defined by an area boundary
Furniture clearances and secondary internal circulation for use of the space. Each open and semi-private space
includes part of a secondary isle which accounts for clearances and entry into the space. This partial isle will form
into a full isle when the spaces are grouped into a work station cluster. This is not true with private spaces which is
only accessible through primary isles.

In order to provide for primary internal circulation to work stations and for access into various group areas, there is an
extra 25% space allocations to all the space standards. This additional space will be accounted during the department
square footage calculation. The circulation allocation varies with different projects based on the client's image, budget
constrain, geometry of the space plan and etc. but the 25% average has been proven to be quite effective. In actual
planning application, the distribution of primary circulation varies according to types of spaces with 30% for private
spaces, 25% for semi-private spaces and 15% for open spaces.

Personnel Space Standards

Personnel Private Spaces

Personnel Semi-Private Spaces
Personnel Open Spaces

Group Space Standards

Support Spaces: Files, Storage cabinets and Shelves

Support Spaces: Equipment and Miscellenous
Special Use Spaces: Waiting and Conferences
Special Use Spaces: Storage Rooms

Personnel Spaces Standards: Private

Criteria used on the configuration of private work station standards:

Size of private offices relate to personnel hierarchy within the company

Size of private offices relate to building modularity and window mulliions
Furniture requirements relate to operational requirements and need

Space Arrangements: Space Sizes & Area Descriptions

5' x 5' Building Module

Executive Level 1 Office

A1 - 500 Sq. Ft.(20' x 25')

Furniture:
o Executive desk 36 x 72
o Crendenza 20 x 72 w/wo storage module
o Executive chair
o Guest chairs 2-4 capacity
o Soft seatings 5-6 capacity

Job Assignments: Chairman, President

Executive Level 2 Office

A2 - 400 Sq. Ft. (20' x 20')

Furniture:
o Executive desk 36 x 72
o Crendenza 20 x 72 w/wo overhead storage
o Executive chair
o Guest chairs 2 capacity
o Soft seatings 4-5 capacity
 Job Assignments: Senior Vice President

Executive Level 3 Office

A3 - 375 Sq. Ft.(15' x 25')

Furniture:
o Executive desk 36 x 72
o Crendenza 20 x 72 w/wo overhead storage
o Executive chair
o Guest chairs 2-3 capacity
o Soft seatings 3-4 capacity

Job Assignments: Vice President, Assist Vice President

Management Level 1 Office

A4 – 300 Sq. Ft.(15’ x 20’)

Furniture:
o Management desk 36 x72
o Crendenza 20 x72 or work table 36 x 72
o Management chair
 o Guest chairs 2 capacity
o Soft seatings 3-4 capacity

Job Assignments: Assist Vice President,

Department Head, General Manager

Management Level 2 Office

A5 - 225 Sq. Ft.(15' x 15')

Furniture:
o Management desk 36 x 72
o Crendenza 20 x 72 or work table 36 x 72
o Management chair
o Guest chairs 2 capacity
o Soft seatings 2 capacity

Job Assignments: Division Head, Director

 Mid-Management Level 1 Office

A6 - 150 Sq. Ft.(10' x 15')

Furniture:
o Mid-management desk 36 x 72
o Crendenza 20 x 72 or work table 36 x 72
o Management chair
o Guest chairs 2 capacity

Job Assignments: Manager, Assistant Manager,

Assistant Director, Attorney, Accountant,
Treasurer, Auditor, Senior Professional staff

Mid-management Level 2 Office

A7 - 100 Sq. Ft.(10' x 10')

Furniture:
o Mid-Management desk 30 x 60
o Crendenza or secondary desk
o Desk chair
o Guest chairs 2 capacity

Job Assignments: Junior Manager, Specialist,

 Bookkeeper, Professional Staff

Personnel Space Standards: Semi-Private

Criteria used on the configuration of semi-private work station standards:

Total semi-private work station sizes not to exceed 3-4

All work stations footprints shall be modular of each other
Panel sizes not to exceed 2-3 with one common panel size highly preferable
Each standard size is capable to accommodate different furniture variables
All work surfaces and components shall related to panel modules
All work stations shall use common components and accessories to achieve high degree of flexibility
Each standard shall include partial seconday isles 1'-6" on one side

Examples of Semi-Private Standards

Panel modules 30
Panel modules 36

Notes:

The purpose of the partial secondary isles used in the space standards is for clearance of getting in and out of the work
stations. When these are grouped with adjacent stations, they form the full 3'-0" isle. The clearances used between the
work surfaces ranges from 3'-0" to 4'-0" depending on the type or secondary components used.

Personnel Space Standards: Semi-Private 30" Modules

The following semi-private work station standards are based on 30" modules.
The characteristics

Sizes
1. Small size: 2 sided station, primary work surface with a secondary work surface
2. Medium size: 2 to 3 sided station, primary work surface with secondary work surface, guest chairs or
expanded work surfaces or storages
3. Large size: 2 sided station, primary work surface with rear secondary work surfaces and 1 to 2 guest
chairs
Each basic unitconsists of the same basic footprint with basic components and additional furniture variables
Partial secondary isles included in the space standards are 1'-6" standard on all sizes to maintain modularity
and flexibility
Clearances used between the work surfaces ranges from 3'-0" to 3-6" depending on the secondary work
surfaces used
The work surfaces and storages are all 30" wide increments.

Space Arrangements: Space Sizes & Area Descriptions

30" Panel Module
Non-Management Level 1 - Small size type 1

B1 - 49 Sq. Ft.(6.5' x 7.5')

Furniture:
o Primary work surface 30 x 60 and 1 pedestal
o Secondary work surface 20 x 30
o Desk chair
o Variables:
a. basic unit
b. extended work surface and overhead storage bin 30
c. lateral file
d. shelving 30

Job Assignments: Clerk, Processing Clerk, File Clerk, Clerical Assistant, Data
Entry Clerk, Steno

Non-Management Level 2 - Small size type 2

B2 - 49 Sq. Ft.(6.5' x 7.5')

Furniture:
o Primary work surface 30 x 60 and 1 pedestal
o Desk chair
o Variables:
a. basic unit with secondary work surface 30 and with or without
guest chair
b. extended work surface with 1-2 pedestals
 c. secondary work surface 30 and storage tower
d. extended work surface and overhead storage bin 2- 30"
e. work table 24 x 60
f. 1-2 lateral files
Job Assignments: Secretary, Management Assistant, Supervisor Clerk, Facilty
Clerk, Field Clerk, Clerk, Assistant Bookkeeper

Professional Level 1 - Medium size with guest chair

B3 - 67 Sq. Ft. (9' x 7.5')

Furniture:
o Primary work surface 30 x 60 and 1 pedestal
o Secondary work surface 20 x 30
o Swivel chair
o Variables:
a. basic unit with or without guest chair
b. extended work surface with overhead storage bin
c. lateral file
d. storage tower

Job Assignments: Analyst, Assistant Analyst, Representative, Junior Officer,

Writer, Assistant Supervisor, Marketing Analyst, Marketing Assistant,
Professional Level 2 - medium size with corner filler

B4 - 67 Sq. Ft. (9' x 7.5')

Furniture:
a. Primary work surface 30 x 60 and 1 pedestal
b. Secondary work surface 30 x 60
c. Corner work surface 30 x 30
d. 1 overhead storage bin 30
e. Desk chair
f. Variables:
a. basic unit with or without additional pedestal
b. 1-2 lateral files
c. 1-2 vertical filesl
d. 1-2 shelving

Job Assignments: Analyst, Specialist, Assistant, Specialist, Senior Engineer,

Senior Analyst, Specialist, Assistant Supervior
Supervisory Level - medium size with extended work surface

B5 - 67 Sq. Ft.(9' x 7.5')

Furniture:
o Primary work surface 30 x 60 and 1 pedestal
o Secondary work surface 30 x 60 with overhead storage bin 30
o Desk chair
o Variables:
a. basic unit
b. guest chair
c. lateral file
d. 1-2 vertical file
e. storage tower 30
f. quarter round conference or work surface

Job Assignments: Senior Analyst, Assistant Manager, Assistant Consultant,

Assistant Administrator, Assistant Supervior, Engineer, Designer
 Low Management or Supervisory Level - large size

B6 - 95 Sq. Ft.(10.5' x 9')

Furniture:
o Primary work surface 36 x 72 and 1 pedestal
o 2 secondary work surfaces 24 x 36
o Corner work surface 36 x 36
o Desk chair
o 1 guest chair
o Variables:
a. basic unit
b. extended work surface 36
c. 1-3 vertical files
d. 1-2 lateral files
e. 1-2 shelves
f. storage tower

Job Assignment: Manager, Senior Manager, Staff Manager, Officer,

Sales Representative, Senior Consultant, Supervisor, Senior
Officer, Administrator, Accountant, Auditor

Personnel Space Standards: Semi-Private 36" Panel Modules

The following semi-private work station standards are based on 36" modules.

The characteristics
Sizes
1. Extra small size: 2 sided station, primary work surface with or without a secondary work surface
2. Small size: 2 sided station, primary work surface with a secondary work surface and expanded storage
3. Medium size: 3 sided station, primary work surface with secondary work surface, expanded storages
and guest chairs
4. Large size: 2 to 3 sided station, primary work surface with 1 to 2 secondary work surfaces and 1 to 2
guest chairs
Each basic unitconsists of the same basic footprint with basic components and additional furniture variables
Partial secondary isles included in the space standards are 1'-6" standard on all sizes to maintain modularity
and flexibility
Clearances used between the work surfaces ranges from 3'-0" to 4'-0" depending on the secondary work
surfaces used
The work surfaces and storages are all 3'-0" wide increments.

Space Arrangements: Space Sizes & Area Descriptions

36" Panel Module

Non-Management Level 1 - Extra small size

B1 - 45 Sq. Ft.(7.5 x 6)
Furniture:
o Primary work surface 36 x 72 and 1 pedestal
o Or corner work surface 36 x 36 with 2 secondary work
surfaces 24 x 36 and 1 pedestal
o Desk chair
o Variables:
a. basic rectangular unit
 b. basicrectangular unit with secondary work surface
c. basic corner basic unit with additional pedestal
d. basic corner basic unit with overhead storage bin

Job Assignments: Clerk, Processing Clerk, File Clerk, Clerical

Assistant, Data Entry Clerk, Steno

Non-Management Level 2 - Extra small size in shared station

B2 - 56 Sq. Ft.(7.5' x 7.5')

Furniture:
o Primary work surface 36 x 72, one secondary work surface and 1 pedestal
o Or corner work surface 36 x 36, 2 secondary work surfaces 24 x 36 and 1
pedestal
o Vertical file 18 wide
o Desk chair
o Variables:
a. basic rectangular unit or corner unit
b. overhead storage bin 36

Job Assignments: Secretary, Management Assistant, Supervisor Clerk, Facilty

Clerk, Field Clerk, Clerk, Assistant Bookkeeper
Professional Level - medium size with corner filler

B4 - 68 Sq. Ft. (7.5' x 9')

Furniture:
a. Primary work surface 36 x 72 and 1 pedestal
b. Secondary work surface 24 x 36
c. Corner work surface 36 x 36
d. 1 overhead storage bin 36
e. Desk chair
f. Variables:
a. basic unit with or without guest chair
b. 2nd secondary work surface, additional overhead storage
bin 36
c. 2nd secondary work surface, overhead storage bin and 1
additional pedestal
d. lateral file
e. shelving
f. storage tower

Job Assignments: Analyst, Marketing Analyst, Specialist, Assistant,

Specialist, Designer, Architect
Supervisory Level 1 - medium size with guest chair

B5 - 95 Sq. Ft.(10.5' x 9')

Furniture:
o Primary work surface 36 x 72 and 1 pedestal
o Secondary work surface 24 x 36
o Overhead storage bin 36
o 1 guest chair
o Desk chair
o Variables:
a. basic unit with work surface with or without extended
surface and overhead storage bin
b. work suface 36 x 72 with or without additional atorage bin
c. storage tower
d. 1-2 lateral files
e. 2-3 vertical files
f. 1-2 shelves

Job Assignments: Senior Analyst, Specialist, Assistant Supervior,

Marketing Assistant, Sales Supervisor, Senior Engineer
Supervisory Level 2 - medium size with guest chair and expanded storages

B6 - 95 Sq. Ft.(10.5' x 9')

Furniture:
o Primary work surface 36 x 72 and 1 pedestal
o 2 secondary work surfaces 24 x 36
o Corner work surface 36 x 36
o Desk chair
o 1 guest chair
o Variables:
a. basic unit
b. extended work surface 36
c. 1-3 vertical files
d. 1-2 lateral files
e. 1-2 shelves
f. storage tower

Job Assignments: Senior Analyst, Assistant Manager, Assistant

Consultant, Assistant Administrator, Supervior
Low Management Level 1 - large size

B7 - 122 Sq. Ft.(13.5' x 9')

Furniture:
o Primary work surface 36 x 72 and 1 pedestal
o Desk chair
o 1-2 guest chairs
o Variables:
a. basic unit with 24 x 72 secondary work surface
b. 1-2 lateral files
c. work surface 30 x 72 with 1-2 vertical files
d. work surface 30 x 72 with storage tower

Job Assignments: Supervisor, Accountant, Auditor,

Manager, Staff Manager, Officer, Sales Representative,
Senior Consultant, Marketing Manager
 Low Management Level 2 - large size with extended work
surfaces

B8 - 122 Sq. Ft.(13.5' x 9')

Furniture:
o Primary work surface 36 x 72
o 2 secondary work surfaces with 1 overhead storage
bin 36 and 1 pedestal
o 1 corner work surface 36 x 36
o Desk chair
o Guest chair 1-2 capacity
o Variables:
a. basic unit
b. 1 shelf
c. storage tower
d. extended work surface with 1-3 pedestals

Job Assignments: Senior Manager, Senior Supervisor,

Senior Officer, Administrator, Marketing Manager

Personnel Space Standards: Open

Criteria used on the configuration of open work station standards:

Work station sizes relate to furniture size or module: 30 x 60 or 36 x 72

Space sizes relate to operational requirements and need
 Each standard relate to each other on one side or depth
Each standard has a common foot prints that are capable of accommodating different furniture variables
Each standard consists of common furniture requirements such as
o a desk
o a desk with return
o a desk with return and 2 guest chairs
Each standard consist of partial secondary isle 1'-6"

Notes: The secondary isles included in the space standards for getting in and out of the stations are 1'-6" for non-
management stations and 2'-0" for non-supervisory and supervisory stations. The clearances between the work surfaces
are 3'-0" for non-management stations, 3'-6" for non-supervisory or supervisory stations. Because of the clearance
limitations in these stations, the length of the machine or reference returns are also 3'-0" and 3'-6" respectively.

Space Arrangements: Space Sizes & Area Descriptions

30" x 60" Furniture Module
Non-Management Level 1

C1a - 68 Sq. Ft.(8' x 8.5')

Furniture:
o Desk or table 30 x 60
o Desk chair
o Side chair 0 or 1 capacity
o Variables:
a. none
b. credenza 20 x 60
c. work table 30 x 60
d. lateral files 18 x 36/42
e. vertical files 15 x 30, 2-4 units
f. shelves 15 x 36/42

Job Assignments:Clerk, Processing Clerk,

File Clerk, Management Assistant,
Supervisor Clerk, Office Clerk Assistant
Representative, Engineer Assistant, Data Entry
Non-Management Level 1

C1b – 68 Sq. Ft.(8’ x 8.5’)

Furniture:
o Desk 30 x 60 with return 18 x 36
o Desk chair
o Side chair 0 or 1 capacity
o Variables:
a. None
b. credenza 20 x 60
c. work table 30 x 60
d. lateral file 18 x 36/42
e. vertical files 15 x 30, 2 units
f. shelves 15 x 36/42

Job Assignments: Assistant Supervisor, Secretary,

Executive Clerk, Supervisor Clerk, Clerk,
Facilty Clerk, Clerical Assistant, Stenographer,
Representative, Typist, Instructor

Non-Management Level 2

C2a - 80 Sq. Ft. (8' x 10')

Furniture:
o Desk 30 x 60
o Desk chair
o Guest chairs 2 capacity
 o Variables:
a. credenza 20 x 60
b. work table 30 x 60

Job Assignments:Sales Clerk, Personnel Clerk

Non-Management Level 2

C2b - 80 Sq. Ft. (8' x 10')

Furniture:
o Desk 30 x 60 with return 18 x 36
o Desk chair
o Guest chairs 2 capacity
o Variables:

a. credenza 20 x 60
b. work table 30 x 60
c. computer filler 24 x 36
with reference surface 24 x 24
(no guest chairs)

Job Assignments: Audit Steno, Sales Clerk

Non-Management Level 3

C3a - 100 Sq. Ft.(10' x 10')

Furniture:
o Desk 30 x 60
o Lateral files 18 x 36/42, 2 units
o Desk chair
o Guest chairs 2 capacity
o Variables:
1. credenza 20 x 60
2. work table 30 x 60

Job Assignments: Analyst, Assistant Analyst,

Specialist, Assistant Specialist
 Non-Management Level 3

C3b - 100 Sq. Ft.(10' x 10')

Furniture:
o Desk 30 x 60 with return 18 x 36
o Lateral files 18 x 36/42, 2 units
o Desk chair
o Guest chairs 2 capacity
o Variables:
a. credenza 20 x 60
b. work table 30 x 60
c. computer filler 24 x 36
& reference 24 x 24
(no guest chairs)
Job Assignments: Secretary, Stenographer,
Law Clerk, Sales Clerk

Space Arrangements: Space Sizes & Area Descriptions

36” x 72” Furniture Module
Supervisory or Non-Supervisory Level 1

C4a – 100 Sq. Ft.(10’ x 10’)

Furniture:
o Desk or table 36 x 72
o Desk chair
o Side chair 0-1 capacity
o Variables:
a. none
b. credenza 20 x 72
c. work table 30 x 72
d. lateral files 18 x 36, 2 units
e. vertical files 18 x 36, 2-4 units
f. shelves 15 x 36, 1-2 units

Job Assignments: Supervisor,

Assistant Supervisor, Drafting Clerk
Supervisory or Non-Supervisory Level 1

C4b - 100 Sq. Ft.(10' x 10')

Furniture:
o Desk 36 x 72 with return 20/24 x 42
o Desk chair
o Side chair 0-1 capacity
o Variables:
a. none
b. credenza 20 x 72
c. work table 30 x 72
d. lateral files 18 x 36/42
e. vertical files 15/18 x 30, 2-3 units
f. shelves 15 x 36/42
g. computer filler 24 x 42
with reference surface 24 x 24

Job Assignments: Executive Secretary, Secretary

Supervisory or Non-Supervisory Level 2

C5a - 130 Sq. Ft.(10' x 13')

Furniture:
o Desk 36 x 72
o Desk chair
o Guest chairs 2 capacity
o Variables:
a. credenza 20 x 72
b. work table 36 x 72

Job Assignments: Sales Assistant,

Assistant Supervisor, Personnel Officer,
Marketing Assistant, Public Relations Assistant
Supervisory or Non-Supervisory Level 2

C5b - 130 Sq. Ft.(10' x 13')

Furniture:
o Desk 36 x 72 with return 20/24 x 42
o Desk chair
o Guest chairs 2 capacity
o Variables:
a. credenza 20 x 72
b. work table 36 x 72
c. computer filler 24 x 42
with reference surface 24 x 24
Job Assignments: Officer, Assistant Officer

Supervisory or Non-Supervisory Level 3

C6a - 150 Sq. Ft.(11.5' x 13')

Furniture:
o Desk 36 x 72
o Lateral file 18 x 36 or 42, 2 units
o Desk chair
o Guest chairs 2 capacity
o Variables:
a. credenza 20 x 72
b. work table 30 x 72
 Job Assignments: Administrative Assistant,
Sales Specialist

Supervisory or Non-Supervisory Level 3

C6b - 150 Sq. Ft.(11.5' x 13')

Furniture:
o Desk 36 x 72 with return 20/24 x 42
o Lateral file 18 x 36 or 42, 2 units
o Desk chair
o Guest chairs 2 capacity
o Variables:
a. credenza 20 x 72
b. work table 36 x 72
c. computer filler 24 x 36
with reference surface 24 x 24

Job Assignments: Accounting Secretary,

Sales Secretary, Auditor Assistant,
Legal Secretary

Group Space Standards: Support Spaces: Storages

The support spaces are organized according to:

Type of furniture
Type of activity or usage

Each area of study includes the furniture, clearances for using the furniture and half of a secondary isle. Some support
spaces such as files and shelves also include a group study for departments that requires 10 units or more. When an area
requires a large clusters of files or shelves, the standard space requirements for each unit will be reduced since they will
be dense grouped together and share the same circulation space. The square footage requirement of a group unit is the
average square footage for the total group. In most cases, a group is based on a quantity of 10 units.

Space Arrangements: Space Sizes & Area Descriptions

Files

Lateral File

D1a - 16 Sq. Ft.(3'6" x 4'6")

Furniture Size: 18"-20" x 36"W
Storage Capacitiies:
o 2 drawers - 6 lineal ft
o 3 drawers - 9 lineal ft
o 4 drawers - 12 lineal ft
o 5 drawers - 15 lineal ft
 Lateral File, Group (for 10 or more units)

D1b – 13 Sq. Ft.

Based on 10 units, 7’ x 18’=126 Sq. Ft.
Furniture Size: same as D1a
Storage Capacity per unit: same as D1a

Vertical File

D2a - 12 Sq. Ft. (6' x 2')

Furniture Size: 15"/18" x 30"W
Storage Capacities:
o 2 drawers - 2.5 lineal ft
o 3 drawers - 5 lineal ft
o 4 drawers - 7.5 lineal ft
o 5 drawers - 10 lineal ft
 Vertical File, group (for 10 or more units)

D2b - 9 Sq. Ft.

Based on 20 units, 10' x 18'=180 Sq. Ft.
Furniture Size: same as D2a
Storage Capacity per unit: same as D2a

Plan File

D3 - 36 Sq. Ft.(6' x 6')

Furniture size: 36" x 46"/48"W
Storage Capacities: 2"-2 1/2" high drawer unit
o 5 drawers - 1 lineal ft
o 10 drawers - 2 lineal ft

Hanging File

D4 - 49 Sq. Ft. (7' x 7')

Furniture Size: 48" x 18"/24"W
Roll/Tube File

D5 - 42 Sq. Ft. (6' x 7')

Furniture Size: 18"/24" x 30"/36"w
Storage Capacity: 50 - 60 tubes (3" - 4" tubes)

Space Arrangements: Space Sizes & Area Descriptions

Storage Cabinets
and Shelving

Storage Cabinet: Supplies

E1a - 20 Sq. Ft.(4'6' x 4'6" )

Furniture Size: 18"/24" x 36"W
Storage Capacities:
o 3 shelves - 9 lineal feet
o 4 shelves - 12 lineal feet
o 5 shelves - 15 lineal feet
o 6 shelves - 18 lineal feet
 Storage Cabinet, Group (for 10 or more units)

E1b – 14 Sq. Ft.(for 10 or more units)

Based on 10 units, 8’ x 18’= 144 sq. ft.
Furniture Size: same as E1a
Storage Capacity per unit: same as E1a

Storage Cabinet: Coats

E2 - 20 Sq. Ft.(4'6" x 4'6")

Furniture Size: 24" x 36"W
Storage Capacity: 9-12 coats

Open Shelves: Books & Binders

F1a - 14 Sq. Ft.(3' x 4'6")

Furniture Size: 12"/15" x 36"W
Storage Capacity: 9-12 coats
 Open Shelves, Group Shelves (for 10 or more units)

F1b - 10 Sq. Ft.(5'6" x 18')

Based on 10 units, 5'6" x 18'= 99 sq. ft.
Furniture Size: same as F1a
Storage Capacity per unit: same as F1a

Group Space Standards: Special Use Spaces: Waiting & Conferences

Space Arrangements: Space Sizes & Area Descriptions

Waiting & Conference Areas

Waiting Area, 1-2 Capacities

I1 - 75 Sq. Ft.(7'6" x 10')

Furniture:
a. 2 lounge chairs
b. 1 side table
 Waiting Area, 3-4 Capacities

I2 – 150 Sq. Ft.(10’ x 15’)

Furniture:
o 1 sofa & 1 lounge chair
o 1 coffee table
o 1 end table
o 1 planter

Waiting Area, 5-7 Capacities

I3 - 200 Sq. Ft. (12'6" x 15')

Furniture:
o a. 1 sofa & 1 lounge chair
o 1 coffee table
o 1 end table
o 2 pull up chairs
o 1 planter

Conference Area, Open or Semi-Private

J1 - 100 Sq. Ft. (10' x 10')

Furniture:
o 1 table, round or rectangular
o 4 conference chairs

Conference Room, 4-6 Capacities

J2 - 150 Sq. Ft. (10' x 15')

Furniture:
o 1 conference table
o 4-6 conference chairs
o 1 counter/storage

Conference Room, 6-8 Capacities

J3 - 225 Sq. Ft. (15' x 15')

Furniture:
o 1 conference table
o 6-8 conference chairs
 Conference Room, 8-10 Capacities

J4 - 400 Sq. Ft. (15' x 20')

Furniture:
o 1 conference table
o 8-10 conference chairs

Conference Room, 18-22 Capacities

J5 - 700 Sq. Ft. (20' x 35')

Furniture:
o 1 conference table
o 18-22 conference chairs
o compact audio visual & storage
Auditorium Conference

J6a - 1050 Sq. Ft. (25' x 40')

Furniture:
o 25-30 conference chair
o rear projection room w/
work area, storage & counter
 Auditorium Conference Seating Module

J6b - 20 Sq. Ft.

Note:
Based on an average of seating capacity
for 32. Total area is 22.5' x 29'. It includes
clearances for 2 major isles, half of a center
isle and half of the seating clearance for the
next row. The half centerisle accounts for
another seating group to the right.

Auditorium Conference Projection Module

J6b - varies according to screen sizes

o screen size 4' = 7 x 20 = 140 Sq. Ft.
o screen size 6' = 9 x 24 = 216 Sq. Ft.
o screen size 8' = 14 x 28 = 392 Sq. Ft.
o screen size 10' = 17 x 32 = 544 Sq. Ft.
o screen size 12' = 20 x 36 = 720 Sq. Ft.

Note: Based on relative ratio between

image size and room depth using 1.7 x image
size plus additinal clearance for adjacent
 storage and work areas.

Furniture:
o dual rear projection equipement
o counter and storage

Interior Space Planning: The Design Process

Flow of Interior Project

1. Program Development
o Analyze data gathering technique
o Develop criteria on information gathering
o Submit to management for approval
o Review final program input and revisions
o Develop workstation standards
o Generate unit and subunits space assignments
o Generate unit and subunits summaries and total company summary
o Analyze building sites and establish Codes compliances
o Develop blocking & Layering
o Submit planning guidelines and revised company space summary
o Review and finalize recommendations
2. Space Development
o Develop building conceptual concepts using alternative schemes
o Review with management
o Develop preliminary plans and test concept using typical unit
o Present preliminaries
o Develop final plans
o Present final plan develop 3d using 3d drawings, sketches and models
 o Make minor revisions
3. Design Development
o Develop design criteria
o Review concepts with management
o Revise fianl design
4. Construction Documents
o Construction plans
o Telephone & electrical plans
o REflected ceiling
o Finishes plans
o Furniture plans
o Casework & Millwork
o Details
o Specifications
5. Furniture Specifications
o Review furniture inventoory
o Develop method of reuse
o Present new & reuse concepts
o Develop furniture specifications & supportive documents
o Submit specifications for approval
o Order furniture
6. Construction & Installation
o Bid process and contractor selection
o Shop drawing approval
o Deliveries and Installation
o Punch lists
7. Submit Budget Estimates
o Establish work station standards budget
o Exclude general constructed items
o Develop final cost of all work performed
8. Consult with Consultants
 o Accoustical consultant
o Lighting consultant
o Technology consultant
o Special consultants based on project needs
o Develop time-in scheduel based on input by consultants
9. Review Architectural Documents
10. Management Approval
o Planning directions
o Preliminary plans
o Final plans
o Design development
o Furntiure specifications
o Final consturction documents
11. Walk through, punch list & Movein

Project Schedule

Inorder to deliver a project within the given time frame and within budget, it is necessary to plan in a logical sequence the
major phases of the design activites and the time allowance for each completion. Scheduling can be affected by many
factors:

Condition of the existing building: lease expiring or owned

Size of the new space
Complexity of the project:highly technical, specialized equipment or customized space need
New construction or renovation
Construction method: normal, fast track or phased construction

Detail Listings of Organizational Units or SubUnits

After the questionnaires are completed, the designer will process, filter, extract and summarize all data and put them into
a useable form for use in planning and design. Such effort compiles a detail breakdown of each organizational unit's or
subunit's personnel and group requirements.

The programmer tabulates the space requirements of all personnel job categories and group requirements by using the
newly developed or revised space standards. A circulation factor is assigned to each type of spaces and then sum
together to arrive at the unit's summary.

Many programmer likes to use an average circulation factor of 25% to the entire organizational unit but others like to use
different circulation factors for different types of spaces. A common practice is to use 30% circulation factor for personnel
private spaces, 25% for personnel semi-private spaces and 15% for personnel open spaces.

For group requirements, the support spaces usually do not need any circulation factor because the isles that take people
to the workstations are the same for support areas. If needed, add a 25% circulation factor. Special use areas receive 30
to 35% circulation factor due to traffic density. For large corporations, using the different circulation factors can be a
meaningful space saving technique because the numbers of personnel with open stations are substantial.

Personnel Information List

Group Requirements List
Total Space Summary

Detail Listings: Personnel Information List

It is a listing of personnel furniture, space and equipment requirements. In developing the list, another consideration is to
illustrate the Private, Semi-Private and Open spaces separately so that one can predict the degree of flexibility in the
proposed space or whether a non-conventional approach to planning is necessary.

Personnel Information:

proximity group ID
group adjacency
job category
 quantity of people of each job category
space standard requirements
square footage requirements
future projections
telephone and electrical
special situations such as ADA and share spaces.
circulation factor of 30% for private spaces, 25% for semi-private spaces and 15% for open spaces

Shown below are two ways of displaying the same personnel information with different way of tabulating the Private,
Semi-Private and Open spaces.

Personnel List 1

The first method uses a horizontal format with the personnel space requirements organize into columns according to
Private, Semi-Private or Open spaces. This allows space tabulation along each column by type of space and assign
different circulation factor for each. It also has the advantage of grouping all related personnel into work groups vertically.
Personnel List 2

The second method uses a stacking format to organize the Private, SemiPrivate spaces. This method is good for
identifying proximity between individuals without work groups. All the Private spaces are pulled together as a group, same
with SemiPrivate and Open and apply different circulation factor to each group.
Detail Listings: Unit's Group Requirements and Summary

Group Requirements

Support List
These are active group requirements that locate close to work groups within each organizational unit. They support the
daily function of the personnel working within the work group and are mostly open or semiprivate spaces.

files
storages
shelvings
equipment
miscellaneous items
no circulation factor or 25% if quantity is large

Special Use List

These are semiactive group requirements that locate centrally within the organizational unit. The spaces are mostly
private that require special treatments, group together in a unit or share by all personnel within the unit.

reception
conference rooms
mail and distribution room
technical room
file room
storage room
library
miscellaneous rooms
add 30% circulation factor
Support List

Special Use List

Unit's Summary List
This is the summary of the Unit or Subunit. It summarizes the total personnel and group space requirements, and
generate additional statistics on types of spaces: Private, Semi-Private and Open, and between Personnel and Group
spaces.

The additional statistics is helpful in identifying the flexibility of the company and serve as an aid to identifying a planning
direction before initial planning.

Comparative Summaries and Total Company Summary

The table below illustrates the space summaries of all the organizational units showing the statistics within the units. In
addition to the total personnel and space requirements within each unit, it also illustrates the space comparisons between
types of space: Private, Semi-private and Open, total Personnel and group space requirements. From the table, one can
see which organization unit grows the fastest, the type of growth required and whether the unit is relatively open or closed
and how much flexibility is within the unit.

The table also include a section on common Use Spaces which represents the group facilities shared by all the units
within the company. The grand

total of the space requirement is shown on the last row in addition to the sum of all the statistics.
Building Feasibility Analysis

Purpose

Inorder to determine whether the building under consideration is appropriate to meet the client's operational requirements,
the programmer will need to analyze the building based on the given facilities, the physical layout of the space, the
building systems, the structural and technical constrains, where it is situated, its neighbourhood, the parking facilities, the
lease terms, the demolition and improvement costs necessary to update building to meet the current building and ADA
codes as well as the client's budget constrain. If more than one building is considered, then the comparative analysis
between the different sites become necessary.

Factors to consider

Site analysis
Existing building conditions and constrains
Building Codes compliance
ADA Codes compliance

Building Analysis Table

Use the following table to identify the existing building conditions, the codes requirements and define what needs to be
done in order to bring the building up-to-date and meet its intended use. Consider adding additional columns if more than
one building is under consideration to turn it into a comparative table for multiple sites.

Building Analysis Table

Site Analysis, Exisiting Building Conditions and
Recommended Revisions and Improvements to Building
Code Compliance Requirements
Site Analysis
Site Location

building orientation
adjacency to major highway
neighbourhood analysis
 major and secodnary streets
ease of turning into property

Parking Facilities

outdoor or covered facility

ability to accommodate future growth
cost per month per employee
secondary parking facilities around the
neighbourhood and costs

Surrounding Facilities

restaurants within walking distance

banking facilities
convenient facilities

Building Conditions
Building Systems

building construction type

occupancy type
mechanical systems
telephone and electrical systems

Spatial Analysis
gross building square footage on typical floor
 leasable building square footage on typical floor
net building square footage on typical floor
building and window modules
number of floors
building efficiency factor
ability to accomodate future growth

Existing Building Facilities

cabling and wiring entries

data and communication cability and future
growth potential
stairs - total sets of stairs
elevators - locations and numbers and types
freight elevators - location, size and numbers
restroom facilities
rescue assistance
other common building facilities
building janitorial and storage

Building Codes Compliance

Egress Requirements
 occupancy load on typical floor
number of exits on each typical floor
arrangement of exits: 50% rule compliance
travel distance: 200 ft maximum from any
interior location in a sprinkler space and
minimum number of exits necessary along
exterior corridor to meet the requirement
minimum corridor or aisle width 44"
level exit width requirement:0.2 width variable
base on occupancy load

Stairs and Ramps Requirements

stairs exit width requirement:0.37 width variable

x occupancy load
stairs landing requirements: landing if rise is
more than 12 feet, door location ( not to reduce
landing by more than 7")
landing length 5' minimum or as wide as stairs
or ramps
stairs handrails at both sides of stairs and
extends 12" at the bottom and last riser
ramps requirements: ratio 1:12
doors cannot reduce any required landings by
more than 7 inches
treads 11" deep and risers not to exceed 7"
Plumbing Requirements

number of waterclosets for each sex on each

typical floor
number of lavatories for each sex on each
typical floor
clearances between stalls
2 drinking fountains on each floor under 200
occupants and not to protrude into clear
corridor space
screening at entrances of all restrooms

Fire and Smoke Protection

smoke isolation for elevators and shafts

sprinkler system
tenant separation walls: 1 hour
stair enclosures: 2 hours
corridor enclosures: 0 hour with sprinkler
system
hazardous rooms: 1 to 2 hours
stand pipe and hose requirement at each
landing of the exit stairs

ADA Codes Compliance

Access Route

at least one access route connect all exits and

accessible spaces
 minimum corridor width:3'
5' clearance requirement at T and L
connections
minimum clearance at any point 32"
if access route is less than 5' wide then
requires minimum 5' turn around every 200 feet
protruding objects not to extend more than 4"
inches corridors or aisles

Rescue Assistance

provide area for two 30" x 48" wheel chair

parking on each floor at stairway landing, or 1
hour rate corridor, or1 hour rate room near to
the stairs
or one 30" x 48" space for every 200 persons
additional
display signs identifying "Area of Rescue
Assistance"

Building facilities

rest room standard stalls size: 48" x 66"

forward approach, 48" x 56" left hand
approach, 60" x 56" right hand approach
including clear floor space infront of stalls, door
swing do not overlap into clear floor space
multiple stalls with at least one accessible stall.
For 6 or more stalls, at least add an additional
 36" x 66" minimum wall mount with outward
swinging door
urinals require 18" between centerline of bowl
and adjacent wall, 36" clear from side to side,
30" x 48" clear floor space
lavatories require clear floor space 30 x 48" in
front of lavatory
grab bars require at the back and side of stalls:
side grab bar requires 42" minimum and not to
exceed 12" from rear corner, rear grab bar
requires 36" long, centered, and not to exceed
6" from adjacent corner
restroom turn around clearance: 5'
accesible water fountain on each floor, hi-low
type with water spouts is required if there is
only one on the floor. If more than one
available, 50% accessible
elevators minimum size: 80" x 54" center
opening, 68" x 51" side opening

Doors Maneuvering Clearances

front approach and swing in direction of travel

12" minimum on the side, for forward swing 18"
minimum
pull side approach and swing in direction of
travel 18", for forward swing 36" minimum if
clearance is 60 and 42" minimum if clearance
is 54"
 latch side approach 24" minimum

Lease Agreements
cost per square foot

space efficiency, net verses leasable

tenant work letter and building standard work

length of lease and options to extend

costs on demolition and special work

Program Data Analyses

Inorder to illustrate the space program data, it is helpful to use the charting tools from Excel to illustrate the program
summary and the space statistics. It would be easier to visualize the results in a graphic form and identify any
discrepancies that might occurs on the data generated. The space statistics will help the programmer to later on make
meaningful recommendations on planning directions.

Based on the complexity of the company, the types and number of charts may vary. Shown below are some of the
commonly used charts.

Total company personnel projections

Comparative departmental personnel projections
Total company square footage projection
Comparative departmental square footage projection
 Comparative analysis between types of spaces - Private, Semi-private and Open
Comparative analysis between usage of spaces - Personnel and group square footage
Expansion space analysis
Building distribution analysis

Total Company Personnel Projection

This chart illustrates the number of employees required in the company at move-in and future. Usually, the historical data
will be used to forecast future growth.

Departmental Personnel Projections

This chart combines the personnel projections of all the organizational units and compare which units will grow faster than
the others and which ones will remain stable.
Total Company Square Footage Projection
This chart illustrates the total square footage requirements for move in and future.

Departmental Square Footage Projections

This chart combines the square footage projections of all the organizational units and illustrate which unit consume larger
space than the other units, which unit will grow the fastest and which ones will remain stable.
Comparative Analysis Between Types of Spaces - Private, Semi-private and Open
This chart illustrates the ratios between private, semi-private and open spaces through out the company. It enable the
programmer to later on make planning recommendations on whether is feasible to use traditional office planning or open
office planning.

(image under construction)

Comparative Analysis Between Usage of Spaces - Personnel or Group

This chart illustrates the ratios between personnel and group spaces. It is useful to identify whether the company has a
large quantity of technical or spaces that requires special constructions. This allow the programmer to predict how flexible
the space will be.

(image under construction)

Building Efficiency Analysis

This is a pie chart that illustrate how space are utitlized in the building, the percentiles used for the core and technical
facilities, external circulations, common use areas, and how much space are net usable that can be assigned to the
company. If we are to compare different sites for the new company, this will be useful in identifying cost savings by
selecting buildings that are more efficient.
Building Utilization Analysis
This chart illustrates how the building is utilized and the amount of space is left for expansion and whether the building is
adequate to meet 10 year's expansion need. It is obvious from the example below that the building provides adequate
space for 5 years but will be deficient by 10 years.
Company Space Distribution Analysis

After the completion of the space program and the site analysis, the programmer will have adequate information on the
over all size of the company and the availability of the net square footage in the building. The next phase will be to
analysis how the company will be distributed in the building. This information can be organized in a distribution table.

The importance of the distribution table:

to illustrate the locations of the organizational units within the building and their sizes
to illustrate the adjacencies between different organizational units
 to illustrate the both the horizontal and vertical distribution of space
to illustrate location of expansion spaces and how they will be consumed over time
to illustrate the mobility of the organizational units over time

Factors to consider

to maximize the use of space on each floor and to reduce waste square footage
identify the organizational units that have special needs and avoid unnecessary mobility
o areas with special constructions such as millwork
o technical areas such as cabling and wiring
o areas with environmental control or lighting
o areas with plumbing requirements
to reduce overhead by grouping expansion spaces together for sublease or block off until consumption

Example

The illustration below shows the distribution of a company on 3 floors with the third floor as the street level floor. The
company has 4 divisions that are color coded. The common used areas are located in the building core and are not
included in this distribution.

The strategies used:

to meet the adjacency requirements of the units

to hold the division and its subunits together as much as possible
to maximize the use of each floor before using another floor
to group expansion space together and reduce overhead by enclosing these areas until they can be utilize
to reduce unnecessary mobility and keep all units with special constructions in the same locations