CLOUD COMPUTING

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 CLOUD COMPUTING 1

Table of Contents
ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................................. 2
NEED OF CLOUD COMPUTING ................................................................................................... 2
Cloud Hosting ...................................................................................................................................... 4
Traditional vs cloud data Center ....................................................................................................... 5
Traditional data centers ..................................................................................................................... 6
Cloud Computing ................................................................................................................................ 7
Concepts ............................................................................................................................................... 8
Cloud Architecture ............................................................................................................................. 9
TYPES OF CLOUDS ....................................................................................................................... 10
FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF CLOUD COMPUTING................................................................... 11
Component......................................................................................................................................... 13
Virtualization..................................................................................................................................... 13
Users ................................................................................................................................................... 14
Working of Cloud Computing ......................................................................................................... 14
Merits & Demerits: ............................................................................................................................... 14
LATEST TRENDS AND CHALLENGES ..................................................................................... 15
CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................. 16
REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................... 17
 CLOUD COMPUTING 2

ABSTRACT

Cloud computing is a new emerging technology which provides customized, reliable

and dynamic computing environments to its end users. According to the IEEE Computer Society
Cloud Computing is:

"A paradigm in which information is permanently stored in servers on the Internet and
cached temporarily on clients that include desktops, Entertainment centers, table computers,
notebooks, wall computers, handhelds, etc." (Nayak, 2009) Several reasons lead to the
preference towards clod computing are;

• Cloud computing involves researchers and engineers from a variety of backgrounds, e.g.,
Grid computing, software engineering and database. They work on Cloud computing
from diverse viewpoints.
• Technologies which facilitate the Cloud computing are still developing and progressing,
for example, Web 2.0 and Service Oriented Computing.

The main aim of cloud computing is to hide the complexity of IT infrastructure

management from its users. Also, cloud computing provides high performance, scalability,
reliability and specific configurability. In theory, cloud computing ensures the availability of all
required hardware, software, platform, applications, infrastructure and storage with an ownership
of just an internet connection. People can access the information that they need from any device
with an Internet connection including mobile and handheld phones rather than being chained to
the desktop which results in lower costs, since there is no need to install software or hardware.
Cloud computing has changed the tables in IT industry by providing serverless platforms for
businesses. As compared to grid computing, it has relatively inexpensive results for end users
with added security concerns. This report, basically, deals with an overview of cloud computing
technology, its requirements as well as comparison and various security issues rising with
emerging trends in cloud computing environment.

NEED OF CLOUD COMPUTING

Cloud computing architectures deal with many difficulties in case of large-scale data
processing. In conventional data processing method:

• It is not easy to get as many machines as an application desire.

• It is not easy to get the machines when one needs them.
 CLOUD COMPUTING 3

• It is complicated to distribute and co-ordinate a large-scale job on different machines,

run processes on them, and provision another machine to recover if one machine fails.
• It is difficult to auto-scale up and down based on dynamic workloads.
• It is difficult to get rid of all those machines when the job is done.

Cloud Architectures solve such problems. Applications built on Cloud Architectures run in-
the-cloud where the physical place of the infrastructure is determined by the provider. They take
benefit of simple APIs of Internet-accessible services that scale on-demand, that are industrial-
strength, where the composite reliability and scalability logic of the underlying services remains
implemented and hidden inside-the cloud. The usage of resources in Cloud Architectures is as
needed, sometimes short-lived or seasonal, thereby providing the maximum utilization. (Singh,
et al., 2012)

Germany utilize every type of cloud model. Particularly, (IaaS). The use of (PaaS) and (SaaS)
are also increasing rapidly. German companies are more inclined to implement their core
business processes using PaaS and SaaS. Considering this development, public and hybrid cloud
models are gaining acceptance in public, although most cloud services currently used by German
companies are still based traditional computing. German laws do not provide any specific legal
framework for cloud computing. There is neither a ‘cloud’ or ‘IT act’ nor does German contract
law provide specific rules for cloud computing contracts. Therefore, legal matters relating to
cloud computing are governed by the general legal provisions, the GDPR and the German Civil
Code.

On the other hand, the data protection authorities in Germany have published a joint guideline on
cloud computing in 2014. The guideline ‘Orientierungshilfe - Cloud Computing’ provides an
overview of the opinion of the German data supervisory authorities on the most relevant data
protection issues in the context of cloud computing. Recently, section 2, paragraph 11 of the Act
on the Federal Office for Information Security (BSIG) introduced the first legal definition of
cloud computing to the German law. According to this definition, ‘cloud computing services’ are
services that allow ‘access to a scalable and elastic pool of shareable computing resources.
These services must meet different IT-security requirements if the cloud provider exceeds a
certain company size. Enough technical and organizational measures must be taken to establish
IT security. so, cloud providers, affected by the BSIG, must report all security incidents that
have a significant impact on the respective cloud service to the Federal Office for Information
Security (Powierski and Thalhofer, 2019).
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CLOUD HOSTING VS. TRADITIONAL HOSTING

Traditional Hosting

Traditional hosting comes mainly in two forms, dedicated and shared. With dedicated
hosting, a company pays for the complete resources of one or more servers from a service
provider. The client has a set amount of dedicated bandwidth, CPU, RAM, and drive space, and
the client has full control over the server’s resources. With shared hosting, which is more
common among small and medium sized businesses, the client pays for a set amount of space
(storage) on a single server, and that server’s resources are shared by several other websites. It’s
a cost-efficient, low-maintenance way to host a website or application, and the hosting company
is responsible for managing, maintaining, and updating the units. (OPUS:interactive, 2018)

Traditional hosting, especially shared hosting, has its drawbacks though. Because the
resources of a single server are shared among several different websites, spikes in traffic to those
websites can mean decreased performance for your own. Security breaches and other
performance issues on other sites make take yours down as well. And there’s a single point of
failure. If the server itself experiences technical problems, everyone hosted on that server will be
affected. With shared hosting, you’re also paying for a set amount of storage and processing
power. If you have a predictable flow of traffic, this may be a good solution for you. But if your
traffic is increasing rapidly, or if you see sudden spikes in traffic due to a new product or feature,
you may be constrained the amount of storage you currently have. (OPUS:interactive, 2018)

Cloud Hosting
Cloud hosting have flexible scalability that traditional hosting can’t offer. Cloud hosting
companies provide virtual space on an on-demand, as-needed basis. Instead of paying
beforehand for a set amount of space on a single server, the user pays only for what they use.
The load is divided among multiple servers which ensure the information and applications are
mirrored on bunch of servers which results in zero loss incase a server goes down.
Because of this feature, cloud hosting is much more elastic and resilient so problems with
one website or application will not affect the bandwidth or performance of any server. Cloud
hosting companies provide Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS). They house, run, and maintain all
the necessary hardware, and the customer pays for the resources they use, just the way we pay
for utilities like electricity.

Cloud hosting is more quickly scalable than traditional hosting. If an application or

website receives traffic, the cloud servers scale up and down automatically. With cloud hosting,
there’s no need to manually add or remove server space as there is in shared hosting.
 CLOUD COMPUTING 5

(OPUS:interactive, 2018). As this is a relatively new technology so many users of traditional

hosting are hesitant to move to something different. Shared hosting provides consumers with a
convenient, low-entry hosting solution, and many users never experience problems. But if you’re
looking for a low-cost, flexible, easily scalable hosting solution, it may be time to move to the
cloud.

Figure 1:Traditional computing vs Cloud computing!

Traditional vs cloud data Center

Cloud is the new frontier of business computing and delivery of software and
applications and is rapidly overtaking the traditional in-house system as a reliable, scalable and
cost-effective IT solution. However, many businesses that have built their own robust data
centers and traditional IT infrastructure still rely heavily on this model for security and
managerial reasons. (Edge, 2019)

Choosing an IT model for a business is a very important task. Every company needs a safe
and secure storage space, where data and applications can be easily accessed and running costs
are kept to a minimum. The two types of data centers are explained below for further
understanding.
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Traditional data centers

Traditional data centers consist of different hardware pieces like desktop computers
connected to a network via a remote server. This server is mostly installed on the premises which
provides all employees access to the business’s stored data and applications through hardware.
Businesses with this IT model need to purchase additional hardware and upgrades the data
storage and services to support more users. Mandatory software upgrades are necessary to ensure
fail safe systems, just in case, a hardware failure occurs. For many businesses with IT data
centers, an in-house IT department is needed to install and maintain the hardware.

Contrarily, traditional IT infrastructures provide the most secure data hosting solutions
and enables one to maintain full control of one’s company’s applications and data on the local
server. They are a customized, dedicated system ideal for organizations that need to run many
different types of applications.

Cloud computing is quite abstract as a virtual hosting solution. Instead of using physical
hardware, all servers, software and networks are hosted in the cloud. It’s a real-time virtual
environment hosted between several different servers at the same time. So rather purchasing in-
house physical servers, one rents out the data storage space from cloud computing providers on a
more cost-effective pay-per-use basis.

The main differences between cloud hosting and traditional web hosting are:

Resilience and Elasticity

The information and applications hosted in the cloud are evenly distributed across all the
servers, which are connected to work as one. Therefore, if one server fails, no data is lost, and
downtime is avoided. The cloud also offers more storage space and server resources, including
better computing power. This means your software and applications will perform faster.

Conventional IT systems are not so resilient and cannot guarantee a consistently high level
of server performance. They have limited capacity and are susceptible to downtime, which can
greatly hinder workplace productivity.

Flexibility and Scalability

Cloud hosting offers an improved level of flexibility and scalability in comparison to
traditional data centers. The on-demand virtual space of cloud computing has unlimited storage space
and more server resources. Cloud servers can scale up or down depending on the level of traffic
one’s website receives and will have full control to install any software one needs to.

With traditional IT infrastructure, one can only use the resources that are already available. If
one runs out of storage space, the only solution is to purchase or rent another server. On hiring more
 CLOUD COMPUTING 7

employees, one will need to pay for additional software licenses and have these manually uploaded
on office hardware. This can be a costly venture, especially if the business is growing quite rapidly.

Automation
A prime difference between cloud computing and traditional IT infrastructure is
management. Cloud hosting is managed by the storage provider who takes care of all the
necessary hardware, ensures security measures are in place, and keeps it running smoothly.
Traditional data centers require heavy administration in-house, which can be costly and time
consuming for your business. Fully trained IT personnel may be needed to ensure regular
monitoring and maintenance of your servers such as upgrades, configuration problems, threat
protection and installations. (Edge, 2019)

Running Costs
Cloud computing is cost efficient as compared to traditional IT infrastructure owing to
methods of payment for the data storage services. With cloud-based services, one only pays for
used space. Furthermore, the shrunken odds of downtime results in improved workplace
performance and increased profits in the long run.

With traditional concept, one purchases equipment and additional server space in advance
to accommodate business growth. Furthermore, the value of physical servers decreases year on
year, so the return on investment of investing money in traditional IT infrastructure is quite low.

Security
Cloud computing seems less secure as it is an external form of data. Anyone with access to
the server can view and use the stored data and applications in the cloud, wherever internet
connection is available. Choosing a cloud service provider that is completely transparent in its
hosting of cloud platforms and ensures optimum security measures are in place is crucial when
transitioning to the cloud.

Cloud Computing
Several technologies enable the cloud computing. Some of these enabling technologies are given
below:

• Virtualization: Virtualization technologies give scalable and flexible computing

platforms by partitioning the hardware. They support subscribers with customized
network environment to support cloud resources. Virtualization techniques form the base
of cloud computing as they provide flexible and scalable hardware service. Virtual
Machine techniques such as VMware and Xen provide virtualized infrastructure when
needed. (L. Wang, 2008)
 CLOUD COMPUTING 8

• Orchestration of service flow and workflow: Computing Clouds present a full

set of service templates on requirement, which is composed by services within the
computing Cloud. Computing Clouds should be capable to automatically orchestrate
services from diverse sources and of different types to form a service flow or a workflow
transparently and dynamically for users. (L. Wang, 2008)
• Web service and Service Oriented Architecture (SOA): Cloud computing
services are offered as web services and they obey standards such as WSDL, SOAP and
UDDI. In a SOA the service organization and orchestration inside cloud could be
managed. Cloud services could be accessed over the internet by using SOA. (L. Wang,
2008)
• Web 2.0: Web 2.0 is an upcoming technology that aims to improve creativity,
information sharing, collaboration and functionality of the Web. The main idea behind
Web 2.0 is to enhance the interactivity and interconnectivity of web applications. Cloud
computing adopts the Web 2.0 because Cloud computing services are basically web
applications which render desirable computing demands. (L. Wang, 2008)
• Programming model: Some programming model should be used for users to adapt
to the cloud infrastructure. The programming model should not be too complex for end
customers. The MapReduce, Map-Reduce-Merge and Hadoop are some programming
models. MapReduce and Hadoop are currently used by Yahoo!, Intel and Hp in their
cloud computing projects. (L. Wang, 2008)
• World-wide distributed storage system: A cloud storage model should consist
of a network storage system and distributed data system. Network storage system is
backed by the distributed storage providers and provides storage capacity on temporary
basis when needed on lease. Whereas distributed data system provides data sources
accessed in a semantic way. Users could find data sources in a big distributed
environment by using logical name instead of physical locations. (L. Wang, 2008)

Concepts
A powerful concept is computing through service-oriented architectures (SOA) delivery
of an integrated and orchestrated suite of functions to an end-user through composition of both
loosely and tightly coupled functions or services, often network based. Related concepts are
component-based system engineering, orchestration of different services through workflows, and
virtualization. (Nayak, 2009)
 CLOUD COMPUTING 9

Cyber infrastructure
Cyber infrastructure makes applications significantly easier to develop and set up, thus
expanding the scope of applications possible within budget and organizational constraints and
engineering research. Cyber infrastructure also increases efficiency, quality, and reliability by
capturing commonalities among application needs, and facilitates the efficient sharing of
equipment and services. Today, almost any business or major activity uses, or relies in some
form, on IT and IT services. These services need to be enabling and appliance-like, and there
must be an economy of- scale for the total-cost-of-ownership to be better than it would be
without cyber infrastructure. Technology needs to improve end-user productivity and reduce
Technology-driven overhead.

Service-Oriented Architecture
SOA is not a new concept, although it again has been receiving considerable attention in
recent years. Examples of some of the first network-based service-oriented architectures are
remote procedure calls (RPC), DCOM and Object Request Brokers (ORBs) based on the
CORBA specifications. A more recent example is so called Grid Computing architectures and
solutions. In an SOA environment end-user request an IT service at the desired functional,
quality and capacity level, and receive the response at the time requested or at a specified later
time. Service discovery, brokering, and reliability are important. Goal of the SOA is that creating
an architecture in which services can communicate using http protocol It is expected that in the
next 10 years, service-based solutions will be a major vehicle for delivery of information and
other IT assisted functions at both individual and organizational levels e.g., software
applications, web-based services, personal and business desktop computing.

Cloud Architecture
Cloud architecture the systems architecture of the software systems involved in the delivery
of cloud computing, comprises hardware and software designed by a cloud architect who
typically works for a cloud integrator. It typically involves multiple cloud components
communicating with each other over application programming interfaces, usually web services.
This closely resembles the Unix philosophy of having multiple programs doing one thing well
and working together over universal interfaces. Complexity is controlled, and the resulting
systems are more manageable than their monolithic counterparts. Cloud architecture extends to
the client, where web browsers and/or software applications access cloud applications. Cloud
storage architecture is loosely coupled, where metadata operations are centralized enabling the
data nodes to scale into the hundreds, each independently delivering data to applications or users.
 CLOUD COMPUTING 10

Figure 2: Cloud Architecture

TYPES OF CLOUDS
There are different types of clouds depending on ownership and users. Some of these types
are given below:

• Private cloud: When only one organization uses a cloud that cloud is called private
cloud. The cloud may be handled by the organization or a third party. The St Andrews
Cloud Computing Co-laboratory8 and Concur Technologies are example organizations
that have private clouds.
• Community cloud: When a cloud is shared by several organizations and is setup for
specific requirements is called community cloud. The Open Cirrus cloud test-bed could
be called a community cloud that aids to support research in cloud computing.
• Public cloud: When a cloud can be used by public for a fee is called public cloud. Public
clouds need significant investment and are mostly owned by big corporations such as
Google, Microsoft or Amazon.
• Hybrid cloud: When a cloud which is setup and is mixture of above Private, Community
and Public is called a Hybrid Cloud. Every cloud in a hybrid cloud could be separately
managed. All applications and data could move across the entire hybrid cloud. Hybrid
clouds allow cloud bursting to occur, which is where a private cloud can burst-out to a
public cloud when it needs more resources.

An overview of deployment and service models in cloud computing, where the three service
models could be deployed on top of any of the four deployment models is shown below in
Figure 2:
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Figure 3: Cloud Computing Deployment and Service Models

FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF CLOUD COMPUTING

Users acquire computing platforms or IT infrastructures from computing Clouds and then
run their applications inside. Therefore, computing Clouds render users with services to access
software, platform and infrastructure resources, after that an integrated computing stage as a
service [4], Most common service models are:

1. Application as service (AaaS)

2. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
3. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
4. Software as a Service (SaaS)

1) Application as s service (AaaS): These are the first kind of cloud computing services
that came into being. Under this, a service is made available to an end-user. The end-user
is asked to create an account with the service provider and start using the [Link]
of first famous application was web-based email service by Hotmail started in 1996.
Scores of such services are available now on the web.
2) Platform as a Service (PaaS): In this, applications are developed utilizing several
programming languages and tools that are supported by the PaaS provider. Cloud vendors
are companies that offer cloud computing services and products. One of the services that
they provide is called PaaS. Under this a computing platform such as operating system is
provided to a customer or end user on a monthly rental basis. Some of the major cloud
 CLOUD COMPUTING 12

computing vendor are Google App Engine5 and Microsoft Azure6 are popular PaaS
examples (Singh, et al., 2012).
3) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): In this, users obtain computing assets such as
processing power, memory and storage from an IaaS provider and utilize the assets to
deploy and run their applications. As compared to the PaaS model, the IaaS model is a
low level of abstraction that allows users to access the core infrastructure using virtual
machines. IaaS provides users more flexibility than PaaS as it enables the user to deploy
any software stack on top of the operating system. However, flexibility causes a
drawback and users are responsible for updating and patching the operating system at the
IaaS level. Amazon Web Services’ EC2 and S37 are popular IaaS examples (Singh, et al.,
2012).
4) Software as a Service (SaaS): In this, users use the web browser to access software
that others have developed and offer as a service over the internet. At the SaaS level,
users do not have access to the underlying infrastructure which is being utilized to host
the software. Software package such as CRM or CAD/CAM can be accessed under cloud
computing scheme. Here a customer upon registration can use software accessible
through net and use it for his business process. The related data and work may be stored
on local machines or with the service providers. SaaS services may be available on rental
basis or on per use basis. Salesforce’s Customer Relationship Management software3 and
Google Docs4 are popular examples that use the SaaS model of cloud computing (Singh,
et al., 2012).

Figure 4:Cross-Concept Matrix of the Three classifications of Cloud computing

 CLOUD COMPUTING 13

Component
The key to a SOA framework that supports workflows is componentization of its
services, an ability to support a range of couplings
among workflow building blocks, fault-tolerance in its
data- and process-aware service-based delivery, and
an ability to audit processes, data and results, i.e.,
collect and use provenance information. Component-
based approach is characterized by reusability
(elements can be re-used in other workflows),
substitutability (alternative implementations are easy
to insert, very precisely specified interfaces are
available, run-time component replacement
mechanisms exist, there is ability to verify and
validate substitutions, etc.), extensibility and scalability (ability to readily extend system
component pool and to scale it, increase capabilities of individual components, have an
extensible and scalable architecture that can automatically discover new functionalities and
resources, etc.),customizability (ability to customize generic features to the needs of a particular
scientific domain and problem), and composability (easy construction of more complex
functional solutions using basic components, reasoning about such compositions, etc.). There are
other characteristics that also are very important. Those include reliability and availability of the
components and services, the cost of the services, security, total cost of ownership, economy of
scale, and so on. In the context of cloud computing we distinguish many categories of
components. From differentiated and undifferentiated hardware, to general-purpose and
specialized software and applications, to real and virtual images, to environments, to no-root
Differentiated resources, to workflow-based environments and collections of services, and soon.

Virtualization
Virtualization is another very useful concept. It allows abstraction and isolation of lower-
level functionalities and underlying hardware. This enables portability of higher-level functions
and sharing and/or aggregation of the physical resources. The virtualization concept has been
around in some form since 1960s (e.g., in IBM mainframe systems). Since then, the concept has
matured considerably, and it has been applied to all aspects of computing – memory, storage,
processors, software, networks, as well as services that IT offers. It is the combination of the
growing needs and the recent advances in the IT Figure 5: Working of Cloud Computing
 CLOUD COMPUTING 14

architectures and solutions that is now bringing the virtualization to the true commodity level.
Virtualization, through its economy of scale, and its ability to offer very advanced and complex
IT services at a reasonable cost, is poised to become, along with wireless and highly distributed
and pervasive computing devices, such as sensors and personal cell-based access devices, the
driving technology behind the next waive in IT growth .Not surprisingly there are dozens of
virtualization products, and a number of small and large companies that make them. Some
examples in the operating systems and software applications space are VMware1, Xen - an open
source Linux-based product developed by XenSource2, and Microsoft virtualization products, to
mention a few. Major IT players have also shown a renewed interest in the technology. Classical
storage players such as EMC10, NetApp11, IBM12 and Hitachi13 have not been standing still
either. In addition, the network virtualization market is teeming with activity.

Users
The most important Cloud entity with most influence is the user. The quality of solutions
depends on the end users’ requirements and category. There four broad sets of nonexclusive user
categories: System or Cyber infrastructure (CI) developers, developers (authors) of different
component services and underlying applications, technology and domain personnel that
integrates basic services into composite services and their orchestrations (workflows) and
delivers those to end-users, and finally users of simple and composite services. User categories
also include domain specific groups, and indirect users such as stakeholders, policy makers, and
so on. Functional and usability requirements derive, in most part, directly from the user profiles.

Working of Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing system can be divided it into two sections: the front end and the back
end. They connect to each other through a network, usually the Internet. The front end is the side
the computer user, or client, sees. The back end is the "cloud" section of the system. On the back
end there are various computers, servers and data storage systems that create the "cloud" of
computing services. A central server administers the system, monitoring traffic and client
demands to ensure everything runs smoothly. It follows a set of rules called protocols Servers
and remote computers do most of the work and store the data.

Merits & Demerits:

Merits: Cloud computing applications have quite some advantages such as;
 CLOUD COMPUTING 15

1. Cloud computing is notably easy to use as compared to grid computing and it do not
require high quality equipment for users.
2. It provides secure data storage centers which ensure no data loss due to viruses.
3. Using cloud computing, one can share and utilize data among several equipment.
4. Infrastructure service providers are taking advantage of the Cloud services.
5. Information services, entertainment-oriented services such as video on demand, simple
business services such as customer authentication or identity management and contextual
services such as location or mapping services are positioned well by using the service.
6. A cloud infrastructure can be a cost-efficient model for delivering information services,
reducing IT management complexity.

Demerits:
1. Stored data might be at risqué in terms of security: With cloud computing, all data is
stored on the cloud. The unauthorized users can gain access to our confidential data and
use it against the law.
2. Dependent on internet connection: Internet connectivity isn’t completely stable and
reliable.
3. Can be slow: Even on a fast connection, web-based application scan sometimes be slower
than accessing a similar software program on our desktop PC
4. Data visibility is a leading issue as lack of visibility creates performance and cost issues
e.g. companies might be paying for extra virtual machines which are not in use.

LATEST TRENDS AND CHALLENGES

Germany is ranked 5th in global market for cloud services. Research and Markets predicts a
compound annual growth rate in Germany’s cloud computing market of 32 percent between
2013 and 2018. As a highly-developed economy, A 2014 study, ([Link], 2019) indicated that
only 26 percent of German companies do not currently use or plan future use of cloud services in
their operations. Although, the country has great potential, but it is still facing limitations in
market access in terms of U.S. providers as indigenous small and medium size enterprises are
reluctant to use foreign vendors. Which arose the need of local data centers?

Artificial intelligence is the next step in cloud computing which will help in keeping up with
the shifting complexity of the cloud landscape.

5G networks are being tested in various parts of the world. With the increased adoption of this
new standard of internet speed, we will also enter a new phase for Cloud-based services
 CLOUD COMPUTING 16

CONCLUSION
Cloud computing is a result of two decades of research in virtualization, distributed
computing, utility computing, and more recently networking, web and software services. It
entails a service-oriented architecture, reduced information technology overhead for the end-
user, great flexibility, reduced total cost of ownership, on demand services and many other
[Link] is the demand of global market that companies extract best from the sources to succeed.
Cloud computing infrastructures are next generation platforms that can provide incredible
opportunities to companies of all sizes. They guide the companies in efficient use of their IT
hardware and software investments and provide a path to innovations. resource utilization in
Cloud computing increases profitability. Limited time source acquisition has proven cost
effective. It has helped organizations to manage lengthy procurement processes. Cloud
computing promotes innovation by opening new doors for future possibilities of more secure
sources, better data visibility and fast connections. Innovators are free to focus on the innovation
rather than the logistics of finding and managing resources that enable the innovation.
 CLOUD COMPUTING 17

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