INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE PRINCIPLES

(COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE)  Holistic Worldview

 Centrality of the doctor-patient relationship
Integrative Medicine  Emphasis on wellness and healing
 A healing-oriented medicine that takes account of the  Inclusiveness
whole person (body, mind, and spirit), including all
aspects of lifestyle. COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE INTERVENTIONS
 It emphasizes the therapeutic relationship  A term for medical products and practices that are not
 makes use of all appropriate therapies, both part of standard care.
conventional and alternative.  Standard care is what medical doctors, doctors of
osteopathy, and allied health professionals, such as
nurses and physical therapists, practice.

COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINES
 Any of a range of medical therapies that fall beyond
the scope of conventional medicine
 BUT may be used alongside it in the treatment of
disease and ill health.
 Examples include acupuncture and osteopathy.

Functional medicine
 is an approach to health and wellness where we focus
on getting to the root cause of your problem instead of
just treating the symptom.

Western Medicine
 type of medical treatment; most popular in
North America and Western European countries
 based on the use of drugs and surgery to treat
symptoms (=signs of illness).
 In such countries, other types of medical treatment ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES
are called alternative medicine or complementary  Any of a range of medical therapies that are not
medicine regarded as orthodox by the medical profession, such
as herbalism, naturopathy, and crystal healing.
Allopathic medicine
 system of medical practice ARE COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE AND ALTERNATIVE
 aims to combat disease by use of remedies (as drugs MEDICINE DIFFERENT FROM EACH OTHER?
or surgery) producing effects different from or
incompatible with those produced by the disease YES, THEY ARE DIFFERENT!
being treated. COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE
 Example: treatments including surgery,  used together with conventional medicine.
chemotherapy, radiation therapy,  An example of a complementary therapy is using
and others—are being used to treat cancer aromatherapy to help lessen a patient’s discomfort
following surgery.
Osteopathic Medicine
 system of diagnosis and treatment based on theory ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
that many diseases are associated with disorders of  is used in place of conventional medicine.
musculoskeletal system.  An example of an alternative therapy is using a
special diet to treat cancer instead of undergoing
Holistic Medicine surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy that has been
 branch of alternative medicine that involves treating recommended by a conventional doctor.
the whole person
 includes their physical, emotional, mental, social and
spiritual well-being
 It refers not only to their body, but their mind and
emotions as well. The practitioners attempt to avoid
the use of medication and surgery.

Naturopathic Medicine
 system that uses natural remedies to help the body
heal itself
 It embraces many therapies, including
herbs, massage, acupuncture, exercise, and
nutritional counseling
FIVE MAJOR TYPES OF COMPLEMENTARY AND TYPES OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINES
ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 1. ACUPUNCTURE
 a form of complementary medicine in which a
1. ALTERNATIVE MEDICAL SYSTEMS therapist inserts fine needles into specific areas of
 built upon complete systems of theory and practice. the body to help with a variety of ailments.
 these systems have evolved apart from and earlier
than the conventional medical approach used in the 2. BOWEN TECHNIQUE
United States.  A gentle, relaxing therapy in which the therapist
 Examples: applies a series of light movements with their thumbs
Western cultures – Homeopathic medicine or fingers over different parts of the body.
and Naturopathic medicine  It can be done directly on the skin or through light
Eastern cultures – Traditional Chinese clothing. The client normally lies down on a treatment
medicine and Ayurveda. table or sits in a chair.
 During a treatment, the therapist will stop frequently
2. MIND-BODY INTERVENTIONS between moves and leave the room, to allow the body
 uses a variety of techniques designed to enhance the to become deeply relaxed and to benefit from the
mind’s capacity to affect bodily function and previous set of moves. The moves are very light and
symptoms. subtle, involving no hard or continuous pressure.
 Examples:
*Patient support groups and cognitive-behavioral 3. HOMEOPATHY
therapy (Modern)  system of medicine which involves treating the
*Meditation, prayer, mental healing, and therapies individual with highly diluted substances, given mainly
that use creative outlets such as art, music, or dance in tablet form, with the aim of triggering the body’s
(Traditional) natural system of healing.
 Based on their specific symptoms, a homeopath will
3. BIOLOGICALLY-BASED THERAPIES match the most appropriate medicine to each patient.
 use substances found in nature, such as herbs, foods,
and vitamins. RA 8432 – TRADITIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
 Some examples include dietary supplements, herbal ACT (TAMA)
products, and the use of other so-called natural but as  act creating the Philippine institute of traditional and
yet scientifically unproven therapies alternative health care (PITAHC)
 Example: Shark cartilage to treat cancer.  to accelerate the development of traditional and
alternative health care in the Philippines,
4. MANIPULATIVE AND BODY-BASED METHODS  providing for a traditional and alternative health care
 Are based on manipulation and/or movement of one development fund and for other purposes
or more parts of the body.
 Examples: Chiropractic or osteopathic manipulation Declaration of the Policy
and massage  It is hereby declared the policy of the State to improve
the quality and delivery of health care services to the
5. ENERGY THERAPIES Filipino people through the development of traditional
 involve the use of energy fields and alternative health care and its integration into the
 Two types: national health care delivery system.
*Biofield therapies  It shall also be the policy of the State to seek a legally
* Bioelectromagnetic-based therapies workable basis by which indigenous societies would
own their knowledge of traditional medicine.
Biofield therapies  When such knowledge is used by outsiders, the
 Intended to affect energy fields that purportedly indigenous societies can require the permitted users
surround and penetrate the human body. to acknowledge its source and can demand a share of
 The existence of such fields has not yet been any financial return that may come from its authorized
scientifically proven. commercial use.
 Some forms of energy therapy manipulate biofields by
applying pressure and/or manipulating the body by Objectives
placing the hands in, or through, these fields. (a) To encourage scientific research on and develop
 Examples include qi gong, Reiki, and Therapeutic traditional and alternative health care systems that
Touch. have direct impact on public health care;
(b) To promote and advocate the use of traditional,
Bioelectromagnetic-based therapies alternative, preventive and curative health care
 Involve the unconventional use of electromagnetic modalities that have been proven safe, effective, cost
fields, such as pulsed fields, magnetic fields, or effective and consistent with government standards
alternating-current or direct-current fields on medical practice;
(c) To develop and coordinate skills training courses for
various forms of traditional and alternative health care
modalities;
(d) To formulate standards, guidelines and codes of
ethical practice appropriate for the practice of
traditional and alternative health care as well as in the
manufacture, quality control and marketing of different
traditional and alternative health care materials,
 natural and organic products, for approval and Manufacture
adoption by the appropriate government agencies;  any and all operations involved in the production,
(e) To formulate policies for the protection of indigenous including preparation, propagation, processing,
and natural health resources and technology from formulating, filling, packing, repacking, altering,
unwarranted exploitation, for approval and adoption ornamenting, finishing, or otherwise changing the
by the appropriate government agencies; container, wrapper, or labelling of a consumer product
(f) To formulate policies to strengthen the role of in the furtherance of the distribution of the same from
traditional and alternative health care delivery system; the original place of manufacture to the person who
and makes the final delivery or sale to the ultimate
(g) To promote traditional and alternative health care in consumer.
international and national conventions, seminars and
meetings in coordination with the Department of Traditional healers
Tourism, Duty Free Philippines, Incorporated,  The relatively old, highly respected people with a
Philippine Convention and Visitors Corporation profound knowledge of traditional remedies.
andother tourism-related agencies as well as non-
government organizations and local government units Intellectual property rights
 The legal basis by which the indigenous communities
DEFINITION OF TERMS exercise their rights to have access to, protect, control
over their cultural knowledge and product, including,
Traditional and alternative health care but not limited to, traditional medicines, and includes
 The sum total of knowledge, skills and practices on the right to receive compensation for it.
health care, other than those embodied in
biomedicine
 used in the prevention, diagnosis and elimination of ALTERNATIVE MEDICATION SYSTEM
physical or mental disorder.  Umbrella term for number of practices beyond the
scope of conventional medicine.
Traditional medicine  These forms are built upon a complete system of
 the sum total of knowledge, skills, and practice on ideas and practice and may have evolved in Western
health care, not necessarily explicable in the context or non-Western cultures
of modern, scientific philosophical framework,  Examples: Ayurveda, Chiropractic, Homeopathy,
 but recognized by the people to help maintain and Naturopathic medicine, Osteopathy, and Traditional
improve their health towards the wholeness of their Chinese Medicine
being, the community and society, and their
interrelations based on culture, history, heritage, and HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINE
consciousness.  Practice of medicine that embraces a holistic, natural
approach to the treatment of the sick
Biomedicine  A complementary disease-treatment system in which
 A discipline of medical care advocating therapy with a patient is given minute doses of natural substance
remedies that produce effects differing from those of that in larger doses would produce symptoms of the
the diseases treated. disease itself
 It is also called “allopathy”, ”western medicine”,  Greek “homoios” meaning similar; “pathos” meaning
“orthodox medicine”, or “cosmopolitan medicine”. disease
Alternative health care modalities THREE PRINCIPLES
 Other forms of non-allopathic, occasionally non-  Let likes cure likes
indigenous or imported healing methods, though not  The Minimum dose
necessarily practiced for centuries nor handed down  The single remedy
from one generation to another.
 Some alternative health care modalities include TWO MAIN CATEGORIES OF TREATMENT IN
reflexology, acupressure, chiropractics, nutritional HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINE
therapy, and other similar methods.  Acute Treatment
 Chronic Treatment
Herbal medicines
 Finished, labelled, medicinal products that contain as LIST OF HOMEOPATHIC REMEDIES
active ingredient/s serial or underground part/s of 1. Arnica Montana (Asteraceae)
plant or other materials or combination thereof, Syn: Wolf’s bane/Leopard’s bane, mountain tobacco,
whether in the crude state or as plant preparations. mountain arnica
Uses: most successful remedies for contusions, bruises,
Natural Product aches, sting insect bites, stiffness
 Those foods that grow spontaneously in nature
whether or not they are tended by man. 2. Allium cepa (Liliaceae)
 It also refers to foods that have been prepared from Syn: Bulb onion, common onion
grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts, meats, fish, eggs, Uses: Runny nose
honey, raw milk, and the like, without the use or
addition of additives, preservatives, artificial colors 3. Apis mellifera (Apidae)
and flavors, or manufactured chemicals of any sort Syn: Western honey bee/ European honey bee
after harvest or slaughter Uses: swelling from insect bites/allergies, common colds
4. Matricaria chamomilla (Asteraceae) 1. KINESIOLOGY
Syn: Chamomilla, chamomile, Italian camommila,  The study of human movement
German chamomile, Hungarian chamomile,  Study of mechanics and anatomy of human
wild chamomile, scented mayweed movement and their roles in promoting health and
Uses: Colic, teething, childhood irritability reducing disease
BASIC TERMINOLOGIES
5. Atropa belladonna (Solanaceae) Mechanics - the study of forces and motions they produce
Syn: Belladonna, Deadly nightshade Biomechanics
Uses: High fever of sudden onset with perspiration  Mechanical principles applied to human body
 What forces act on the human body?
6. Gelsemium sempervirens (Gelsemiaceae)  What are the results of those forces?
Syn: Carolina Jessamine, Yellow Jessamine,
Evening Trumpetflower
Uses: Stagefright, apprehension and fever, flu

7. Magnesia phosphorica
Syn: Magnesium phosphate
Use: Menstrual crams, cough, neuralgia

8. Ignatia amara (Loganiaceae)

Syn: St, Ignatius bean
Uses: nervousness, grief, anxiety, depression

9. Strychnos nux-vomica (Loganiaceae)

Syn: Nux vomica, strychnine tree, poison nut
Uses: hangovers, digestive troubles, KINEMATICS TERMINOLOGY
general overconsumption
Linear motion (aka translatory motion)
10. Sulfur  Occurs in a straight line from one location to another
Syn: Oil of vitriol  All the parts of the object move the same distance, in
Uses: itchiness due to rashes and eczema the same direction, and at the same time.
 2 categories:
11. Arsenica album  Rectilinear motion-movement in straight line
Syn: Arsen alb, Homeopathic arsenicum  Curvilinear motion- curved path not circular
Uses: anxiety and loneliness
Angular motion (aka rotary motion)
12. Zincum metallicum  Movement of an object around a fixed point
Syn: Blue powder, metallic zinc, granular zinc  All the parts of the object move at the same angle, in
the same direction, and at the same time, but they do
NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE not move the same distance
 A distinct primary health care profession, emphasizing
prevention, treatment, and optimal health through the DESCRIPTIVE TERMINOLOGIES
use of therapeutic methods and substances that THE ANATOMIC POSITION
encourage individuals’ inherent self- healing process. The Human Body:
(American Association of Naturopathic Physicians)  Standing in an upright
position
NATUROPATHIC PRINCIPLES  Eyes facing forward
 First, do no harm (primum non nocere)  Feet parallel & close
 Healing Power of Nature (vis medicatrixnaturae) together
 Treat the cause (tollecausam)  Arms at the sides of the
 Treat the whole person (tolletotum) body
 Doctor as Teacher (docere)  Palms facing forward
 Disease prevention and health promotion
 Wellness Medial & Lateral
 Medial- l toward the
ASSESSMENT BY A NATUROPATH midline
A well-trained naturopath will ask you about your diet, lifestyle,  Lateral- farther from the
family background and environment, as well as the history of midline
any illnesses or complaints. After taking detailed health history,
the naturopath may use other techniques such as: Anterior & Posterior
 Kinesiology  Anterior- front of the body; position closer to front
 Iridiology (synonymous with ventral)
 Blood analysis  Posterior- back of the body; position more toward the
 Stool and urine analysis back (synonymous with dorsal)
 Hair analysis
 Functional testing Proximal & distal
 Proximal-toward the trunk
 Distal- away from the trunk
Superior & Inferior
 Superior- part that is above another (upper surface of
organ/structure)
 Inferior- part that is above another (upper surface of
organ/structure)

Cephalad & Caudal

 Cephalad- close to the head
 Caudal- closer to the feet

Superficial & Deep

 Descriptions used to refer to relative depth of a
structure
 For example, when describing the layers of the
abdominal muscles, the external oblique is deep to
the rectus abdominis but superficial to the internal
oblique.

 Supine- when a person is lying on his back with his

legs extended
 Prone- when a person is lying on his stomach
 Sidelying- when a person is lying on his side
 Hooklying- person lying on his back with his hips and
knees fixed, so that his feet are on the surface of the
bed or table.
 Short sitting- when a person is sitting with his hips
and knees fixed to approximately 90 degrees
 Long sitting- person siiting with hips flexed to
approximately 90 degrees and the knees extended.