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Glycogenolysis Process Overview

The document summarizes glycogenolysis, the breakdown of glycogen to produce glucose. It describes that glycogen is made up of two types of glycosidic linkages and is stored primarily in the liver and muscles. Glycogenolysis occurs when blood glucose levels drop and involves three main steps - phosphorolysis by glycogen phosphorylase, debranching by glycogen debranching enzyme, and conversion of glucose-1-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate by phosphoglucomutase. The end products, glucose and glucose-6-phosphate, can then enter pathways to be used for energy or released into the bloodstream depending on the tissue.

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Samuel Morales Navarro
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160 views25 pages

Glycogenolysis Process Overview

The document summarizes glycogenolysis, the breakdown of glycogen to produce glucose. It describes that glycogen is made up of two types of glycosidic linkages and is stored primarily in the liver and muscles. Glycogenolysis occurs when blood glucose levels drop and involves three main steps - phosphorolysis by glycogen phosphorylase, debranching by glycogen debranching enzyme, and conversion of glucose-1-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate by phosphoglucomutase. The end products, glucose and glucose-6-phosphate, can then enter pathways to be used for energy or released into the bloodstream depending on the tissue.

Uploaded by

Samuel Morales Navarro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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  • Glycogenolysis Overview
  • Glycogen Degradation Process
  • Fates of Glucose-6-Phosphate
  • Animation and Conclusion

LOGO

05/08/14 1
GLYCOGENOLYSIS

Presentation By Sana Zahir

LOGO
05/08/14 2
GLYCOGENOLYSIS

• Glycogen Overview:

• Homopolysaccharide
• Ready supply of glucose
• Highly branched

LOGO
05/08/14 3
Glycogen Overview (cont):

LOGO
05/08/14 4
Glycogen Overview (cont):

• 2 Glycosidic Linkages:

Linear linkage having α(14)


glycosidic bond = 90%

Branched linkage having α(16)


glycosidic bond = 10%

LOGO
05/08/14 5
Glycogen Overview (cont):
2 GLYCOSIDIC
LINKAGES

LOGO
05/08/14 6
Glycogen Overview (cont):
 Storage form of Glucose in
animals so also called as
“animal starch”
 Granular form
 High in liver (6-8%) and
muscles (1-2%)

LOGO
05/08/14 7
GLYCOGENOLYSIS:
"Degradtion Of Stored Glycogen
Producing Free Glucose And
Glucose 1 Phosphate"
Occurrence: Cytosole
Triggered by low blood glucose
levels

LOGO
05/08/14 8
GLYCOGENOLYSIS (cont):
Enzymes Involved:

1.Glycogen Phosphorylase.
2.Glycogen Debranching Enz;
3.Phosphoglucomutase.

LOGO
05/08/14 9
GLYCOGENOLYSIS (cont):
1st Step: Phosphorolysis
Enzyme Involved: Glycogen phosphorylase
Action: Cleavage of α(1→4)linkages
Position: non-reducing ends
Product: glucose-1-phosphate

BUT
Activity of phosphorylase enzyme stops when it is 4
residue away from branched point.

LOGO
05/08/14 10
GLYCOGENOLYSIS (cont):

LOGO
05/08/14 11
GLYCOGENOLYSIS (cont):

LOGO
05/08/14 12
GLYCOGENOLYSIS (cont):

• Now Inorder To Rescue The


Process, "DEBRANCHING
ENZYME" Comes In Action

LOGO
05/08/14 13
GLYCOGENOLYSIS (cont):
• 2nd Step: Removal of Branches

General name Of Enzyme: Debranching enzyme

Two enzymatic activities (Bifunctional enzyme)

1.Transferase Activity
2.Glucosidase Activity

LOGO
05/08/14 14
GLYCOGENOLYSIS (cont):
• Transferase activity:

 Removes chain of 3 glucose residue from


branch
 Transfer them to the non-reducing end of linear
glycogen chain
 α-1,4 bond is broken and another α-1,4 bond is
made.

LOGO
05/08/14 15
GLYCOGENOLYSIS (cont):
• Glucosidase
Activity:
Breaks the α-1,6 bond at branch point
Action is hydrolytically
Releases a free glucose

LOGO
05/08/14 16
GLYCOGENOLYSIS (cont):
• Glycogen Debranching Enzyme:

Limit Branch (4 residues)

α -(1—>4) transglycosylase
(group transfer reaction)

α -(1—>6) glucosidase Glucose

LOGO
05/08/14 17
GLYCOGENOLYSIS (cont):

The remaining molecule of


glycogen is again available for
the action of phosphorylase
enzyme

LOGO
05/08/14 18
GLYCOGENOLYSIS (cont):
3rd step: formation of free glucose
and glucose-6-phosphate
Catalysed By Phosphoglucomutase

The third and last stage converts G1P (glucose-1-


phosphate) to G6P (glucose-6-phosphate) through
the enzyme phosphoglucomutase.
G1P ↔ G6P

LOGO
05/08/14 19
GLYCOGENOLYSIS (cont):

LOGO
05/08/14 20
GLYCOGENOLYSIS (cont):
• FATES OF GLUCOSE 6
PHOSPHATE:
IN MUSCLES:
This G6P can enter glycolysis and serve
as an energy source to support muscle
contraction.
IN LIVER:
It releases glucose into blood when blood
glucose level drops.
LOGO
05/08/14 21
GLYCOGENOLYSIS (cont):

LOGO
05/08/14 22
GLYCOGENOLYSIS (cont):
• Tissue which has Glucose 6 phosphatase can generate
free glucose.
• LIVER KIDNEY INTESTINE HAVE THE ENZYME:
The end product of glycogenolysis is free glucose
which entors to the blood stream
• MUSCLES BRAIN AND ADIPOSE TISSUES DON'T
HAVE THE ENZYME:
glycogen breakdown leads to the formation of glucose
6 phosphate which is then metabolized via glycolysis and
TCA cycle

LOGO
05/08/14 23
GLYCOGENOLYSIS (cont):
• WATCH THIS VIDEO ANIMATION

glyc ogenolysis
(1).m p4

LOGO
05/08/14 24
Thank you
LOGO
05/08/14 25

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