ME213 Mechanics of Materials Formula Sheet

Materials
 E
Young’s modulus E  , Shear modulus G  where ν is Poissons ratio
 2(1   )
Thermal expansion: L = L o 1 + T

Composite Materials
Ecomposite  E f a f  Em (1  a f ) (when loaded parallel to fibres)
1
Ecomposite 
a f / E f  1  a f  / Em
(when loaded perpendicular to fibres)

Viscoelastic Materials
Stress at time t (t) in a viscoelastic material under constant strain

t = ce- Et/ , where c is stress at time t = 0, and

E
is a constant (known as the time constant).
η

Bending and Torsion

F   FLo
Axial loading:   ,  , E , 
A Lo  EA
Lateral strain:  lateral    axial
M E 
Beam bending:  
I R y
Second moment of area: I   y 2 dA
A

bd 3
Rectangle about N.A.: I
12
 r4
Circle about diameter: I
4

Parallel Axis Theorem: I x '  I x  Aa 2

 G T
Shear and torsion:   where τ is the shear stress produced by a torque T
r L J
τ = Gγ where γ is the shear strain
 R4
Polar second moment of area: Solid circular shaft: J
2

Hollow circular shaft: J 
2
R 4
o  Ri4 
Power in shaft = torque  angular velocity (rad/sec) = 2πnT where n is the revolutions per second

 2 EI
Euler’s formula for the buckling of slender axially loaded pin-ended columns: Fc 
L2

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Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels
pr pr
Cylindrical : hoop stress 1  , longitudinal stress  2 
t 2t
pr
Spherical : 1   2 
2t

Biaxial Stress (Plane Stress)

x 
 x   y    x   y  cos 2  
xy sin 2
2 2

y 
 x  y  x  y  cos 2  
xy sin 2
2 2

 x y   
 x   y  sin 2   cos 2
xy
2

Principal Stresses
2
x + y  x  y 
1,2 =    +  xy 2
2  2 
2  xy
tan 2 p =
x - y

 x  y 
2
1   2 
 max,min =      xy 2 = 
 2  2
( x -  y )
tan 2s = , s   p  45
2  xy

Mohr’s Circle For Stress

1
 
Centre   x   y ,0 
2 
1
 1 2 2

Radius =   x   y 
   2 
xy 
 2 

Biaxial Strain
( x +  y ) ( x -  y )  xy
 x' = + cos 2 + sin 2
2 2 2
( x +  y ) ( x -  y )  xy
 y' = - cos 2 - sin 2
2 2 2
 x' y' ( x -  y )  xy
= - sin 2 + cos 2
2 2 2

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 2 2
x + y  x  y    xy 
1,2 =    +  
2  2   2 
 xy
Tan 2p =
x - y

 max,min =  ( x -  y ) 2 +  xy 2 =  (1 -  2 )

45 Strain Gauge Rosette

 xy  2 b   a   c (  b at 45)

Stress/Strain Transformation

x  y y  x
x = - , y = -
E E E E
E E
x = ( x +  y ) , y = ( y +  x )
(1   2 ) (1   2 )
E
 = G =
2(1 + )
1  2 2 1
1 = - , 2 = -
E E E E
E E
1 = (1 +  2 ) , 2 = ( 2 + 1 )
(1   2 ) (1   2 )

Von Mises Equivalent Stress

 e  12   22  1 2

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