Real Java EE Testing with
Arquillian and ShrinkWrap
Don't fake it!
Pete Muir
Principal Software Engineer
Red Hat, Inc.
Agenda #testrevolution
Testing, what's the problem?
Integration testing challenges
A component model for tests
ShrinkWrap
Arquillian
Case study
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Why don't we test?
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Common integration testing challenges
Active mocks to stand in for collaborators
Configure application to use test data source(s)
Deal with (lack of) classpath isolation
Run a build to create/deploy application archive
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Skip the Build!
Test in-container!
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container
n. manages a runtime environment and provides resources,
a component model and a set of services
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A component
model for tests
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Unit tests vs integration tests
Unit Integration
Fine-grained Coarse-grained
Simple Complex
Test single API call Test intricate web of calls
Fast, fast, fast Sloooooooow
Easily run in an IDE Run in an IDE? How?
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Testing bandgap and compounding effort
Thought and effort
Functional complexity
Infrastructural complexity
Unit Tests Integration Tests Functional Tests
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Testing continuum with Arquillian
Thought and effort
Functional complexity
Infrastructural complexity
Unit Tests Integration Tests Functional Tests
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In-container approach to integration testing
Separate container process
Test deployed as archive
Test runs in-container
Results collected remotely
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Weighing in-container testing
Pros Cons
Rely on shared memory Still sloooow
Pass-by-reference Container set up
Don't need remote views
Each test is fully isolated
Environment is “truer”
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Don't tie your tests to a build!
Extra, external setup
Adds time to tests
Coarse-grained packaging
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n. a simple, Apache-licensed Java API for assembling archives
like JARs, WARs, EARs; developed by the JBoss Community
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Benefits of ShrinkWrap
IDE incremental compilation
Save and re-run
Skip the build!
Simple API
Tooling views
Export and debugging
Micro-deployments
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Fluent archive creation
final JavaArchive archive = ShrinkWrap.create("slsb.jar", JavaArchive.class)
.addClasses(Greeter.class, GreeterBean.class);
System.out.println(archive.toString(true));
Yields output:
slsb.jar:
/com/
/com/acme/
/com/acme/app/
/com/acme/app/ejb3/
/com/acme/app/ejb3/Greeter.class
/com/acme/app/ejb3/GreeterBean.class
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Architecture overview
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n. a simple, Apache-licensed test harness that abstracts away
container lifecycle and deployment from test logic so developers
can easily develop a broad range of integration tests for their
enterprise Java applications; developed by the JBoss Community
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The mission of the Arquillian project is to...
Make integration testing a breeze!
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Prove it!
@RunWith(Arquillian.class)
public class GreeterTestCase {
@Deployment
public staOc JavaArchive createTestArchive() {
return ShrinkWrap.create("test.jar", JavaArchive.class)
.addClasses(Greeter.class, GreeterBean.class);
}
@EJB private Greeter greeter;
@Test
public void shouldBeAbleToInjectEJB() throws ExcepOon {
assertEquals("Hello, Earthlings", greeter.greet("Earthlings"));
}
}
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Arquillian guts the plumbing
Manages lifecycle of container
start/stop OR
bind/unbind
Enriches test class (e.g, @Inject, @EJB, @Resource)
Bundles test archive
code under test
libraries
test class and invoker (in-container run mode only)
Negotiates deployment of test archive
Captures test results and failures
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Benefits of Arquillian
Write less (test) code
As much or as little “integration” as you need
Looks like a unit test, get fully functioning components
Simple way to get an instance of component under test
You don't hesitate when you need a resource
Same test, multiple containers
It's the real deal!
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Test frameworks
JUnit TestNG
>= 4.6 >= 5.10
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Test archives
Built using ShrinkWrap API
Bundle:
code under test
dependent Libraries
test class and invoker (in-container run mode only)
Deployed to container before test is executed
Undeployed after test is executed
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Build, what build?
@Deployment
public staOc JavaArchive createTestArchive() {
return ShrinkWrap.create("test.jar", JavaArchive.class)
.addClasses(Greeter.class, GreeterBean.class);
}
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Skip the build!
@Deployment
public staOc JavaArchive createTestArchive() {
return ShrinkWrap.create("test.jar", JavaArchive.class)
.addPackage(TranslateController.class.getPackage())
.addManifestResource(
new ByteArrayAsset("<beans/>".getBytes()),
ArchivePaths.create("beans.xml"));
}
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Containers
Mode
Capability
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Container modes
Embedded
Same JVM as test runner
Tests executed by native test runner
Lifecycle controlled by Arquillian
Remote
Separate JVM from test runner
Tests executed over remote protocol
Arquillian likely binds to ports
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Container capabilities
Java EE application server (JBoss AS, GlassFish, etc)
Servlet container (Tomcat, Jetty)
Managed bean container (Weld SE, Spring)
OSGi
SPI allows you to introduce any other container
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Not just for Java EE
public interface DeployableContainer {
void setup(Context context, ConfiguraOon configuraOon);
void start(Context context) throws LifecycleExcepOon;
ContainerMethodExecutor deploy(Context context, Archive<?> archive)
throws DeploymentExcepOon;
void undeploy(Context context, Archive<?> archive)
throws DeploymentExcepOon;
void stop(Context context) throws LifecycleExcepOon;
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Test enrichment
Injection
Fields & method arguments
@Inject, @Resource, @EJB, etc.
Contexts
Request & Conversation -> Test method
Session -> Test class
Application -> Test class
Interceptors & decorators
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Test run modes
In-container
Test bundled in @Deployment archive
Archive deployed to container
Test runs inside container with code under test
Test invokes code under test directly (same JVM)
Local
@Deployment archive unmodified
Archive deployed to the container
Test runs in original test runner
Test interacts as a remote client (e.g., HTTP client)
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Arquillian is...
an innovative approach to testing
a component model for tests
test infrastructure & plumbing
a set of container implementations
a little bit of magic ;)
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JBoss Testing Initiative
Comprehensive testing tool “stack”
Establish a testing culture in Java EE
#jbosstesting on irc.freenode.net
Filling voids
ShrinkWrap – Programmatic archive creation
Arquillian – Managed integration testing
Placebo – Mock Java EE API implementations
JSFUnit – Gray-box JSF testing
Contribute to the unit testing frameworks?
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Q&A
http://jboss.org/arquillian
http://jboss.org/shrinkwrap
