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Shares You are here: Home / Different Types of Valves used in Piping – A Complete Guide of Pipe Valves

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Different Types of Valves used in Piping – A
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Complete Guide of Pipe Valves
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124 Different types of valves are used in piping. In this article, I have covered classifications of
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valves and functions of valves. Let’s start with Valve definition.
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WhatsApp What is Valve?
Chances are there that you already know this. But there is no harm to refresh the memory.

Valve is a device that regulates, controls or directs the flow of a fluid by opening, closing, or
partially obstructing fluid flow. Sound bit complicated? Ok, let me further simplified this.  A
valve is a mechanical device that controls the flow and pressure of fluid within a system or
Process.  So basically, it controls flow & pressure.

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WhatsAppIn piping following types of valves are used depending on the requirements. The cost of

Valve in the piping system is up to 20 to 30% of the overall piping cost. And the cost of a
given type and size of the valve can vary 100%. It means that if you choose ball valve over
butterfly valve for the same function. It can cost you more. So, the selection of valves is
essential to the economics, as well as operation, of the process plants.

Gate Valve
Globe Valve
Check Valve
Plug valve
Ball Valve
Butterfly Valve
Needle Valve
Pinch Valve
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Pressure Relief Valve d f J
 Let learn about each of them.

Click on the link to Learn about each of valve in more

detail.

Gate valve
Gate valve is the most common type of valve in any process plant. It is a linear motion
valve used to start or stop fluid flow. In service, these valves are either in fully open or fully
closed position. Gate valves are used in almost all fluid services such as air, fuel gas,
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a good shutoff.
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Globe Valve
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f systems where flow control is required and leak tightness is also necessary. Globe valve
provides better shut off as compared to gate valve and it is costlier than gate valve.
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Check Valve
The check valve prevents backflow in the piping system. The pressure of the fluid passing
through a pipeline opens the valve, while any reversal of flow will close the valve.

Plug valve
Plug valve is Quarter-turn rotary motion Valve that uses a tapered or cylindrical plug to stop

kor start the flow. Thea disk is in plug shape,

d which has a passage
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 valve used as on-off stop valves and capable of providing bubble tight shutoff. Plug valve
can be used in vacuum to high-pressure & temperature applications

Ball Valve
A Ball valve is a quarter-turn rotary motion valve that uses a ball-shaped disk to stop or
start the flow. Most ball valves are of the quick-acting type, which requires a 90° turn of the
valve handle to operate the valve. The ball valve is Smaller and lighter than a gate valve of
same size and rating.

782 Butter y Valve

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a A Butterfly valve is a quarter-turn rotary motion valve, that is used to stop, regulate, and
179 start the flow. Butterfly valve has a short circular body. Butterfly Valve is suitable for large
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valve applications due to Compact, lightweight design that requires considerably less
d space, as compared to other valves.
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Needle Valve
Needle valves are similar to a globe valve in design with the biggest difference is the sharp
needle like a disk. Needle valves are designed to give very accurate control of flow in small
diameter piping systems. They get their name from their sharp-pointed conical disc and
matching seat.

Pinch Valve
The pinch valve is also known as clamp valve. It is a linear motion valve. Used to start,
regulate, and stop fluid flow. It uses a rubber tube, also known as a pinch tube and a pinch
mechanism to control the fluid. Pinch Valve is ideally suited for the handling of slurries,
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 liquids with large amounts of suspended solids, and systems that convey solid material
pneumatically.

Pressure Relief  Valve

A pressure Relief valve or pressure safety valve are used to protect equipment or piping
system during an overpressure event or in the event of vacuum. This valve releases the
pressure or vacuum at pre-defined set pressure.

Valves Functions
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179 Stopping and starting a fluid flow. Depending on whether a valve is open or closed, it
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let pass the process fluid or halt the fluid.
d Throttling the fluid flow. Some of the valves let you throttle the fluid depending open
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f Controlling the direction of a fluid flow. Multiport valve lets you decide the way fluid
will go.
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k control valves maintain the flow and pressure within the system by adjusting opening
and closing.
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J vacuum relief valve safeguard the process system from overpressure and during
306 vacuum condition.
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Different types of valves serve these functions.  These valves can be classified or
categorized based on;

Function
End connection
How it operates
Types of Actuator it used.

Classi cation of Valves Based on Function

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f In the above chart, you can see the types of valves and their function.
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Isolation valve isolates or cuts the supply of fluid when needed. Gate, ball, plug, piston,
k diaphragm, butterfly and pinch valve falls under this category.
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J A control valve that regulates the flow of fluid falls in the regulation category. Globe, needle,
306 butterfly, diaphragm, ball, plug, and pinch valve are used as a control valve.  You can see
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that; some valves serve dual purposes such as globe and ball valve can be used as an
isolation as well as a control valve.

Pressure and vacuum relief valve used to prevent overpressure and vacuum with the
system that can damage the piping and equipment.  Non-return valve such as swing and
lift check valve prevents backflow within the system. Whereas, some valves are designed
to serve a special purpose. Such as multiport, knife, and line blind valve.

Classi cation of Valves Based on End Connections

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 Based on the end connection, valve ends can be

Screwed or threaded that connect with matching thread on the pipe. Small-bore valve
used in instrument connection or as a sample point has a threaded end
Majority valve used in piping has a Flanged type ends.
Butt welded valves are used in very high pressure and temperature services.
Socket Welded valves are used in low-pressure
Check valve and butterfly valves are available in wafer and lug end construction.
These types of ends are used when space is constrained.

You can see the images of all these types of valve end above.
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Shares Classi cation of Valves Based on The Way it Open and Closed
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306 Linear Rotary  Quarter
WhatsApp Valve type
motion motion turn

Gate valve X

Globe valve X

Swing check valve X

Lift check valve X

Tilting-disc check
X
valve

Folding-disc check
X
k valve
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 In-line check valve X

Stop check valve X X

Ball valve X X

Pinch valve X

Butterfly valve X X

Plug valve X X

782 Diaphragm valve X

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a Safety valve X
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Relief valve X
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Another way to classify the valve is the way it open and close. Each valve opens and closed
f by either Liner or rotary motion or by quarter turn which is nothing but a rotary motion.
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k In the image below, you can see the difference between opening methods of the valve.

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 Linear motion valves use a closure member that moves in a straight line and cut the flow
to start, stop, or throttle the flow. The closure device could be a disc, or flexible material,
such as a diaphragm. Linear motion valves are slower in operation, but they provide a
higher level of accuracy and stability in the position of the closure member.

Rotary motion valves rotate a disc or swing it from the hinge pin that holds the disk.

A 90° turn of the stem in Quarter turn valves fully open or fully closed the valve. Because of
this quick turn, the operation of Quarter turn valve is much faster than linear motion valves.
Some rotary motion valves are also known as Quarter turn valve.

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a quarter turn valve. Whereas swing check, tilting disk, and other rotary motion valve are not
179 a quarter turn valve.
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d Classi cation of Valves Based on Types of Actuator it Used

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 The last way to classify the valve is, types of the actuator is used to transfer the motion to
operate the valve. The valve can be operated manually with the help of handwheel, lever,
chain or by a gear wheel. An external power source such as an electric motor, air, hydraulic
fluid or solenoid is used to operate valve from the control room. Check valve works
automatically when subjected to the backflow.

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