10-7

Areas of Circles and Sectors

10-7
1. Plan
What You’ll Learn Check Skills You’ll Need GO for Help Lesson 10-6
Objectives
1 To find the areas of circles,
• To find the areas of circles, 1. What is the radius of a circle with diameter 9 cm? 4.5 cm
sectors, and segments of
sectors, and segments of
circles 2. What is the diameter of a circle with radius 8 ft? 16 ft circles
3. Find the circumference of a circle with diameter 12 in. 12π or about 37.7 in.
. . . And Why Examples
4. Find the circumference of a circle with radius 3 m. 6π or about 18.8 m 1 Real-World Connection
To compare the area of
different-size pizzas, as in 2 Finding the Area of a Sector
Example 1
New Vocabulary • sector of a circle • segment of a circle of a Circle
3 Finding the Area of a
Segment of a Circle

1 Finding Areas of Circles and Parts of Circles

Math Background
Areas of circles and sectors can
be estimated without using the
Hands-On Activity: Exploring the Area of a Circle constant p. One estimation
• Use a compass to draw a large technique measures the areas
circle. Fold the circle horizontally of inscribed and circumscribed
and vertically. Cut the circle into polygons much as lower and
four wedges on the fold lines. upper sums estimate Riemann
integrals. Calculating geometric
probability may require calculating
the areas of sectors and circles.

More Math Background: p. 530D

• Fold each wedge into quarters.
Cut each wedge on the fold lines.
You will have 16 wedges.
Lesson Planning and
Resources
• Tape the wedges to a piece See p. 530E for a list of the
of paper to form the figure resources that support this lesson.
r
shown here.
PowerPoint
b
1. How does the area of the figure compare with area of the circle? Bell Ringer Practice
They are equal.
2. The base of the figure is formed by arcs of the circle. Explain how the Check Skills You’ll Need
length b relates to the circumference C of the circle. b N 12 C For intervention, direct students to:
3. Explain how the length b relates to the radius r of the circle. b N πr Finding Circumference
Lesson 10-6: Example 4
4. If you increase the number of wedges, the figure you create becomes
Extra Skills, Word Problems, Proof
more and more like a rectangle with base b and height r. Write an
Practice, Ch. 10
expression for the area of the rectangle in terms of r. πr 2

Lesson 10-7 Areas of Circles and Sectors 575

Special Needs L1 Below Level L2

After Example 1, have students contact a local pizza Encourage students to label parts when finding areas
parlor and find out the diameters and prices of a within circles. For example, label the segment “I” and
small and large pizza. Have them determine which is a the triangle “II” in Example 3.
better buy.

learning style: tactile learning style: visual 575

2. Teach In the diagrams on the preceding page,
area of a circle = area of a “parallelogram” < b ? r < 12C ? r = pr 2,
and the approximations improve as the circle is cut into more pieces.

Guided Instruction Key Concepts Theorem 10-11 Area of a Circle

The area of a circle is the product of p and the
Hands-On Activity r
square of the radius.
Discuss as a class why base b is O
approximately but not exactly A = pr 2
equal to pr. Students should
mention that a segment is shorter
than a curved path between the
same two points. 1 EXAMPLE Real-World Connection
Food How much more pizza is in a 12-in.-diameter pizza than in a 10-in. pizza?
Connection to Calculus
radius of small pizza = 10
2 =5
The Activity’s method of finding Find the radii.
the area of a curved region is radius of medium pizza = 122 =6
further developed in the study area of small pizza = p(5)2 = 25p
of calculus. Use the formula for area of a circle.
area of medium pizza = p(6)2 = 36p
1 EXAMPLE Math Tip difference in area = 36p - 25p = 11p
< 3 4 . 557 519 Use a calculator.
Discuss the fact that the medium
pizza has a 20 percent greater There is about 35 in.2 more pizza in the medium pizza.
radius but a 44 percent greater
area than the small pizza. Have Quick Check 1 How much more pizza is in a 14-in.-diameter pizza than in a 12-in. pizza?
students verify these figures and about 41 in.2
explain the difference in the Y
percents of increase. A sector of a circle is a region bounded by an arc of the circle and the two radii to
the arc’s endpoints. You name a sector using one arc endpoint, the center of the circle,
2 EXAMPLE Teaching Tip and the other arc endpoint. The slice of pizza at the left is sector XOY of a circle O.

Ask: How is finding the area The area of a sector is a fractional part of the area of a circle. The ratio of a sector’s
X area to a circle’s area is measure360
of the arc
of a sector like finding arc O .
length? Both have the ratio
measure of the arc
360 as a factor.
Key Concepts Theorem 10-12 Area of a Sector of a Circle
A
3 EXAMPLE Tactile Learners The area of a sector of a circle is the product of r
Students may cut apart segments the ratio measure360
of the arc
and the area of the circle. B
0 O
of a circle and relate the areas to Area of sector AOB = mAB
360 ? pr
2
the area of the circle.

2 EXAMPLE Finding the Area of a Sector of a Circle

Find the area of sector ZOM. Leave your answer in terms of p.
0
area of sector ZOM = mZM
360 ? pr
2 Z
72⬚
72 ? p(20)2
= 360 20 cm M
= 80p O
The area of sector ZOM is 80p cm2.

Quick Check 2 Critical Thinking A circle has a diameter of 20 cm. What is the area of a sector
bounded by a 2088 major arc? Round your answer to the nearest tenth.
181.5 cm2
576 Chapter 10 Area

Advanced Learners L4 English Language Learners ELL

Following Example 1, have students investigate how to Help students distinguish between segment of a circle
make a pizza with twice the area of another pizza. and line segments. Then have students compare
finding the length of an arc of a circle with finding
the area of a sector of a circle.

576 learning style: verbal learning style: verbal

 PowerPoint
A part of a circle bounded by an arc and the segment
joining its endpoints is a segment of a circle. To find Segment Additional Examples
the area of a segment for a minor arc, draw radii to form of a
a sector. The area of the segment equals the area of the circle 1 A circular archery target has
sector minus the area of the triangle formed. a 2-ft diameter. It is yellow except
for a red bull’s-eye at the center
with a 6-in. diameter. Find the area
⫺ ⫽ of the yellow region. Round to the
nearest whole number. 424 in.2

2 Find the area of sector ACB.

This pizza is cut into two Area of sector Area of triangle Area of segment
segments. Leave your answer in terms of p.

3 EXAMPLE Finding the Area of a Segment of a Circle

C
Find the area of the shaded segment. Round your answer to the nearest tenth. 6 m 100° B
0
area of sector AOB = mAB
Use the formula A
360 ? pr
2
for area of a sector. A

90 ? p(10)2 10π m2
= 360 Substitute. O 10 in.
B

= 14 ? 100p 3 Find the area of the shaded

segment. Round your answer to
= 25p the nearest tenth.
area of AOB = 12bh Use the formula for area of a triangle.
B
= 12 (10)(10) Substitute. A
120° 24 ft
= 50
O
area of segment = 25p - 50
< 28.539816 Use a calculator.
The area of the segment is about 28.5 in.2 353.8 ft2
Quick Check 3 A circle has a radius of 12 cm. Find the area of the smaller segment of the circle
determined by a 608 arc. Round your answer to the nearest tenth. 13.0 cm2 Resources
• Daily Notetaking Guide 10-7
L3
• Daily Notetaking Guide 10-7—
EXERCISES For more exercises, see Extra Skill, Word Problem, and Proof Practice.
Adapted Instruction L1

Practice and Problem Solving

A Closure
Practice by Example Find the area of each circle. Leave your answer in terms of π.
Example 1 1. 2. 3. 4. A circle with a diameter of 10 in.
(page 576) contains an inscribed square as
6m 2
GO for 3
in. shown below. Find the area of
11 cm 1.7 ft
Help the shaded segments. Leave your
π 2
answer in terms of p.
9π m2 30.25π cm2 0.7225π ft2 9 in.
5. Agriculture Some farmers use a circular irrigation method. An irrigation arm
acts as the radius of an irrigation circle. How much more land is covered with
an irrigation arm of 300 ft than by an irrigation arm of 250 ft? about 86,394 ft2
6. What is the difference in the areas of a circular table with diameter 6 ft and a
circular table with diameter 8 ft? about 22 ft2
(25π – 50) in.2

Lesson 10-7 Areas of Circles and Sectors 577

577
 Example 2 Find the area of each shaded sector of a circle. Leave your answer in terms of π.
3. Practice (page 576)
7. 8. 9.
45⬚ 26 m
Assignment Guide 16 cm
18 yd 120⬚ 169π
64π cm2 m2
1 A B 1-34 40.5π yd2 6

C Challenge 35-40 10. 11. 12.

16 cm 56π cm2
Test Prep 41-43 30⬚ 12 in. 12π ft2 45⬚
Mixed Review 44-48 12π in.2
4 ft

Homework Quick Check

To check students’ understanding Find the area of sector TOP in (O using the given information. Leave your
of key skills and concepts, go over answer in terms of π.
Exercises 8, 18, 26, 29, 30. 0 0
13. r = 5 m, mTP = 908 25π 4 m
2 14. r = 6 ft, mTP = 158 3π2 ft
2
0 0
Error Prevention! 15. d = 16 in., mPT = 1358 24π in.2 16. d = 15 cm, mPT = 1808
28.125π cm2
Exercises 1–4 Some students may Example 3 Find the area of each shaded segment. Round your answer to the nearest tenth.
substitute d for r in the formula
(page 577) 120⬚
A = pr2. Use these exercises to 17. 18. 19.
identify and correct the error. 6m

6 cm 8 ft
Diversity 60⬚
Exercise 40 Point out that the 22.1 cm2 18.3 ft2 3.3 m2
bow of a canoe is its front end. A circle has the given radius. Find the area of the smaller segment of the circle
determined by an arc with the given measure. Round to the nearest tenth.
20. radius 15 m, arc 608 20.4 m2 21. radius 14 cm, arc 1208 120.4 cm2

B Apply Your Skills Find the area of the shaded region. Leave your answer in terms of π and in
simplest radical form. 22–27. See left.
22. (243π ± 162) ft2 22. 23. 24.
23. (54π ± 20.25 "3) cm2 18 ft 60⬚
120⬚
24. (120π ± 36 "3) m2 9 cm 12 m
GPS Guided Problem Solving L3
Enrichment L4 25. (4 – π) ft2
Reteaching L2 26. (64 – 16π) ft2 25. 26. 27.
14 in.
Adapted Practice L1
27. (784 – 196π) in.2 8 ft 8 ft
Practice
Name Class Date L3 2 ft
Practice 10-7 Surface Areas and Volumes of Spheres

Find the surface area of each sphere. Round your answers to the
nearest tenth.

1. 2. 3.
700 m 2 cm
14 in.

28. Multiple Choice The diver at

4. 5.
2 ft
6. the right is collecting samples
10 m
7m
from the ocean floor. The line to
the diver is 100 ft long, and the
Find the volume of each sphere. Round your answers to the nearest tenth.

7.
14 mi
8. 9.
12 m
GO nline diver is working at a depth of
40 cm
Homework Help 80 ft. What is the approximate
100 ft
Visit: PHSchool.com area of the circle that the 80 ft
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

10. 11. 12.

3 cm
Web Code: aue-1007 diver can cover? A
S.A. ⴝ 90,790 cm2 11,300 ft2 25,400 ft2
S.A. ⴝ 45,240 yd2 31,400 ft2 51,400 ft2
The volume of each sphere is given. Find the surface area. Round your
answers to the nearest whole number.

13. V = 1200 ft3 14. V = 750 m3 15. V = 4500 cm3

Use the given circumference to approximate the volume of each object.

Round your answers to the nearest whole number.

16. a baseball with C = 24 cm

18. a volleyball with C = 69 cm

17. a basketball with C = 75 cm

19. a golf ball with C = 13.5 cm 578 Chapter 10 Area

29. Lower outside; the lower

inside and top pieces
have base areas 8π in.2,
but the lower outside
pieces have base areas
8.75π in.2.
578
 29. Writing The American Institute of Baking 4. Assess & Reteach
GPS suggests a technique for cutting and serving
a tiered cake. The tiers of a cake have the PowerPoint

same height and have radii 8 in. and 13 in.

The top tier and the cake directly under it
Lesson Quiz
are each cut into 8 wedges as shown. The
outer ring of the 13-inch tier is cut into 12 Solve.
pieces. Which would be larger, a piece from 1. A park contains two circular
the top or a piece from the outer ring? Explain. playgrounds. One has a
See margin, p. 578.
diameter of 60 m, and the
30. How many circles with radius 4 in. will have the same total area as a circle with
other has a diameter of
radius 12 in.? 9 circles
40 m. How much greater
31. Games A dart board has diameter 20 in. and is divided into 20 congruent is the area of the larger
sectors. Find the area of one sector. Round your answer to the nearest tenth. playground? Round to the
15.7 in.2 nearest whole number.
32. In a circle, a 908 sector has area 36p in.2. What is the circle’s radius? 12 in.
1571 m2
Real-World Connection 33. Open-Ended Draw a circle and a sector so that the area of the sector is 2. A circle has an 8-in. radius. Find
Careers Training as a pastry 16p cm2. Give the radius of the circle and the measure of the arc of the sector. the area of a sector whose arc
chef is part of the background See margin.
34. A method for finding the area of a segment determined by a minor arc is measures 135. Leave your
of many executive chefs.
described on page 577. 34a. See margin. answer in
a. Describe terms of p. 24π in.2
0 two ways to find the area of a segment determined by a major arc.
b. If mAB = 90 in
0 a circle of radius 10, find the areas of the two segments For Exercises 3 and 4, find the
determined by AB . 25π – 50; 75π ± 50 area of the shaded segment.
Round to the nearest whole unit.
C Challenge Find the area of the shaded region. Leave your answer in terms of π. 3.
35. 36. 37.
38. Blue region; 60° 13 cm
let AB ≠ 2x. Area of
10 m
blue ≠ 4x 2 – πx2; 7m
area of yellow ≠ 4m
πx 2 – 2x 2.
39. 200π
3 – 50"3 units
2
(49π – 73.5"3) m2 (200 – 50π) m2 4π m2 15 cm2
38. Circle O at the right is inscribed in square ABCD and A B
4.
circumscribed about square PQRS. Which is smaller,
Problem Solving Hint P Q 22 in.
the blue region or the yellow region? Explain.
For Exercise 39, where O
must T and U lie in a 39. Circles T and U each have a radius 10 and TU = 10. Find
diagram of (T and (U? S R
the area of the region that is contained inside both circles.
D C
40. Recreation An 8 ft-by-10 ft floating dock is anchored
th in the middle of a pond. The bow of a canoe is tied to a 138 in.2
t pa
40a. Boa corner of the dock with a 10-ft rope as shown in the picture below.
a. Sketch a diagram of the region in which the bow of the canoe can travel.
b. Write a plan for finding the area. 40a–b. See left. Alternative Assessment
10 ft c. Find the area. Round your answer to the nearest square foot. 239 ft2
10 ft Have student partners plan how
to sell pizzas. Using the area
formulas from this lesson, they
8 ft 8 ft should select two different sizes
and price them proportionately.
10 ft 2 ft Have students write a paragraph
explaining how the size of each
40b. Find the area of 34 of a pizza justifies its price.
circle of radius 10 and add
1
4 of a circle of radius 2.

lesson quiz, PHSchool.com, Web Code: aua-1007 Lesson 10-7 Areas of Circles and Sectors 579

33. Answers may vary. 908 arc 34. a. Answers may vary.
Sample: 8 cm radius; Sample: Subtract the
minor arc segment
area from the area of
8 cm
the circle, or add the
areas of the major
sector and k formed.
579
Test Prep
Test Prep
Resources
For additional practice with a Multiple Choice 41. A circle has area 72p yd2. What is the area of a 10° sector of the circle? A
variety of test item formats: A. 2p yd2 B. 3p yd2 C. 4p yd2 D. 6p yd2
• Standardized Test Prep, p. 593
42. A sector of 90° has area p mm. What is the area of the circle? G
• Test-Taking Strategies, p. 588
F. 2p mm2 G. 4p mm2 H. 8p mm2 J. 4 mm2
• Test-Taking Strategies with
Transparencies Short Response 43. Each of three water sprinklers covers a 12 m
semicircle of radius 2 m. The shaded
2m
region remains dry. Find the area of
the shaded region to the nearest square
meter. Show your work or explain how you found the area. See margin.

Use this Checkpoint Quiz to check Mixed Review

students’ understanding of the
skills and concepts of Lessons 10-4 0
Lesson 10-6 Find the length of AB in each circle. Leave your answers in terms of π.
through 10-7.
Resources
GO for
Help 44. A 45. B 46. A
Grab & Go 60⬚ 72⬚ O
B O A 36 in.
• Checkpoint Quiz 2 30 cm 5m B
40⬚
10π cm 2π m 28π in.
Lesson 6-5 47. Three sides of a trapezoid are congruent. The fourth side is 4 in. longer than
each of the other three. The perimeter is 49 in. Find the length of each side.
1114 in., 1114 in., 1114 in., 1514 in.
Lesson 4-7 48. Write a proof. (Hint: First prove B
D
overlapping triangles are congruent.)
C F
Given: AC > BC, &A > &B See margin.
Prove: #BDF > #AEF E
A

Checkpoint Quiz 2 Lessons 10-4 through 10-7

The similarity ratio of kABC to kDEF is 3 : 5. Fill in the missing information.

43. [2] area of rectangle ≠ 1. The perimeter of #ABC is 36 in. 2. The area of #ABC is 9. 45 in.2
2 ? 12 ≠ 24 The perimeter of #DEF is 9. 60 in. The area of #DEF is 125 in.2.
area of semicircles ≠
3. The areas of two similar triangles are 1.44 and 1.00. Find their similarity ratio.
( )
3 ? 12π? 22 ≠ 6π 6:5
24 – 6π N 5.2 m2 4. Find the area of #ABC if a = 4 ft, b = 7 ft and m&C = 20. 4.8 ft2

[1] no work shown 5. A regular 12-gon has perimeter 24 cm. Find its area to the nearest tenth. 44.8 cm2
6. 100π in.2
48. Show that kBCE O 7. 27π m2 Find the area of each shaded region. Leave answers in terms of π.
kACD by ASA. Then use
8. (16π – 32) cm2 6. 7. 8. 9.
CE O CD and segment 6 ft
9. 22.5π ft2 120⬚
subtraction to show that
BD O AE. Now with 20 in. 9m 8 cm 225⬚
vertical
lBFD O
lAFE, kBDF O kAEF
by ASA. 0 0
10. In a circle of radius 18 mm, mAB = 45. Find the length of AB in terms of p. 9π
2 mm

580 Chapter 10 Area

580