Variable Valve Timing

1. 1. PRESENTED BY UTSAV PODDAR HRISIKESH BHASKAR

MAHIDUL HAQUE KHAMAR
2. 2. Basic Theory After multivalve technology became standard in engine
design, Variable Valve Timing became the next step to enhance engine output,
power and torque. As you know, valves activate the breathing of engine. The
timing of breathing, that is, the timing of air intake and exhaust, is controlled by
the shape and phase angle of cams. To optimise the breathing, engine requires
different valve timing at different speed. When the revolution increases, the
duration of intake and exhaust stroke decreases so that fresh air becomes not fast
enough to enter the combustion chamber, while the exhaust becomes not fast
enough to leave the combustion chamber. Therefore, the best solution is to open
the inlet valves earlier and close the exhaust valves later. In other words, the
Overlapping between intake period and exhaust period should be increased as
revolution increases. With Variable Valve Timing, power and torque can be
optimised across a wide rpm band.•
3. 3. This system controls the intake camshaft valve timing so as to obtain
balance between the engine output, fuel consumption The VVT system is
designed to control the intake camshaft with in a range of 50°(of Crankshaft Angle
) to provide valve timing i.e. optimally suited to the engine condition .This
improves the torque in all the speed ranges as well as fuel economy ,and reducing
exhaust emissions & emission control performance. The actual intake side valve
timing is feed back by means of the camshaft position sensor for constant control
to the target valve timing
4. 4. Who use it ? Honda VTEC, Mitsubishi MIVEC, Nissan Neo VVL.•
Disadvantage: 2 or 3 stages only, non-continuous; no much improvement to
torque; complex • Advantage: Powerful at top end • Stage 3 (high speed) : both
intake and exhaust valves are in fast configuration. • Stage 2 (medium speed) : fast
intake configuration + slow exhaust configuration. • Stage 1 (low speed) : both
intake and exhaust valves are in slow configuration. • When engine speeds fall
below the threshold speed, oil pressure is removed from the pin and a spring
deactivates the pin. The rocker arms are no longer locked together and the valves
are controlled by the less aggressive outer lobes One common system uses two
rocker arms for normal operation on its two intake valves, with a third, higher
profile, rocker arm between the other two arms. At engine speeds above 5000 to
6000 rpm, the engine ECU activates an oil pressure controlled pin that locks the
three rocker arms together. The center rocker arm follows a larger and more
aggressive profile, transferring its movement to the intake valves which now open
further and for longer. Cam changing VVT uses different cam profiles to lift the
valves depending on engine load and speed. There are two types of variable
valve timing A. Cam changing VVT B. Cam phasing VVT CAM CHANGING
VVT •
5. 5. Audi V8 inlet, BMW Double Vanos inlet,Ferrari 360 Modena exhaust,
Ford Puma 1.7 Zetec SE inlet, Jaguar AJV6, Lamborghini Diablo SV engine inlet,
, Porsche Variocam inlet, 3stage discrete• Disadvantage: Lack of variable lift and
variable valve opening duration, thus less top end power than Camchanging VVT.
• Advantage: Cheap and simple, continuous VVT improves torque delivery across
the whole rev range. • IT cannot vary the duration of valve opening. It just allows
earlier or later valve opening. Earlier open results in earlier close, of course. It also
cannot vary the valve lift, unlike cam changing VVT it varies the valve timing
by shifting the phase angle of camshafts. For example, at high speed, the inlet
camshaft will be rotated in advance by 30° so to enable earlier intake. This
movement is controlled by engine management system according to need, and
actuated by hydraulic valve gears Cam phasing VVT is the simplest, cheapest
and most commonly used mechanism at this moment. CAM PHASING VVT
6. 6. 3) Cam-Changing + Cam- Phasing VVT Combining camchanging VVT
and camphasing VVT could satisfy the requirement of both top end Power and
flexibility throughout the whole rev range, but it is inevitably more complex. At
the time of writing, only Toyota and Porsche have such designs.
7. 7. VVT controller • The ECM sends a target duty-cycle control signal to the
OCV. This control signal regulates the oil pressure supplied to the VVT controller.
Camshaft timing control is performed according to engine operating conditions
such as the intake air volume, throttle valve position and engine coolant
temperature. • The ECM controls the OCV, based on the signals transmitted by
several sensors. The VVT controller regulates the intake camshaft angle using oil
pressure through the OCV. As a result, the relative positions of the camshaft and
crankshaft are optimized, the engine torque and fuel economy improve, and the
exhaust emissions decrease under overall driving conditions. The ECM detects the
actual intake valve timing using signals from the camshaft and crankshaft position
sensors, and performs feedback control. This is how the target intake valve timing
is verified by the ECM. OCV ECM The Variable Valve Timing (VVT)
system includes •
8. 8. The ECM optimizes the valve timing using the VVT system to control the
intake camshaft. The VVT system includes the ECM, the OCV and the VVT
controller. The ECM sends a target duty-cycle control signal to the OCV. This
control signal regulates the oil pressure supplied to the VVT controller. The VVT
controller can advance or retard the intake camshaft.
9. 9. The camshaft timing oil control valve selects the path according to the
advance, retard or hold signal from the ECM .The VVT-i controller rotates the
intake camshaft in the timing advance or retard position or holds it according to the
position where the oil pressure is applied.
10. 10. In proportion to the engine speed, intake air volume throttle position and
water temperature, the ECM calculates optimal valve timing under each driving
condition & controls the camshaft timing oil control valve. In addition ECM uses
signal from the camshaft position sensor & the crankshaft position sensor to detect
the actual valve timing, thus performing feedback control to achieve the target
valve timing
11. 11. ADVANTAGES of vvt-i • Improved torque & output • Battery & fuel
economy • Reduced nitrogen oxide & • hydrocarbon emissions Advantages of
Variable Valve Engine 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 0 1000 2000 3000 4000
5000 6000 7000 8000 Engine Speed (rpm) BrakeTorque(N*m) Convential Engine
Varable Valve Engine
12. 12. Valvetronic Offers continuously variable valve timing and valve lift on
the intake cam only. Relies on amount of valve lift to throttle engine BMW
VANOS Varies the timing of the valves by moving the position of the camshafts in
relation to the drive gear. BMW VTEC Utilizes two camshaft profiles and
electronically selects between the profiles Honda VarioCam Varies intake timing
by adjusting the tension of a cam chain Porche AVCS/AVLS AVCS - varies
timing (phase) with hydraulic pressure AVLS - Varies duration, timing and lift by
switching between two different sets of cam lobes Subaru Mitsubishi MIVEC –
similar to AVLS
13. 13. Last but not the least, a special word of thanks to the teachers and staff
for their ever ready help and guidance without which this task would not be
possible: Prof. Amitava Datta
14. 14. Wikipedia: Variable Valve Timing. 2007. 1 May 2007.••Different
Types of VVT. 2005. 3 May 2007.
http://www.autozine.org/technical_school/engine/vvt_2.htm < Honda Engines.
2007. 2 May 2007.•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing
<http://www.honda-engines- eu.com/en/images/249.gif > Prof. Dr. Peter Walzer.
Technology Highlights and R and D Activities. 2002•