Aerospace Engineering in India
Aerospace Engineering in India
Every time you look at the sky, you could be contributing to changing it. At least that goes for
an aerospace engineer. The field has not been alien to the Indian scheme of education. The first
programme in aerospace came to the IITs in the mid sixties.
Practical exposure is a vital part of the course
Annually, the country produces 600 to 700 aerospace engineers, whereas the demand is for
approximately 5,000. BN Raghunandan, Chairman of Aerospace Engineering at Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore believes that there is a combined resurgence of military and civil
applications in the industry, which is providing a great impetus to grow in aviation sector. In
addition to renewed activity levels both in military and civil aviation, there is also a
diversification of applications.
More companies are getting into design services such as TCS, Satyam, Cades and Infosys. Others
are also getting into aerospace research — this was earlier the domain of government‐
sponsored outfits such as Defense Research Development Organization (DRDO).
In addition to this, international organizations such as Boeing, Schlumberger and GE have set up
their research centers here and recruit M.Tech/PhD level professionals for carrying out
specialized research.
Employment opportunities fall within three broad areas — design, research and maintenance.
There is a fourth side too — policy making and administration. While aeronautical engineering
is concerned with aircraft, helicopter and related activities, aerospace engineering concerns
itself with satellites, launch vehicles, space systems and missiles.
Of late, aerospace engineering is being used as an inclusive term for both. Students learn about
design, validation, manufacturing, simulation and testing of airborne structures and its related
technology. You could be involved in construction, testing, analysis and operation of flight
vehicles right from rockets and spacecrafts to helicopters.
The course delves into the fundamentals of fluid dynamics, materials science, structural
analysis, propulsion, automatic control and guidance and development of computer software.
According to the experts, if students are looking for intellectual growth and acquiring expertise,
then organizations like Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Indian Space Research Organization,
DRDO, National Aerospace Labs, among others, offer great prospects. You could be working on
wind tunnel testing, gas turbine engine propulsion, rocket propulsion, hybrid navigation,
avionics and sensors, hot structures, flight instrumentation, etc. On the downside, these
organizations do not offer hefty pay packets as the private sector.
But after the sixth pay commission, prospects have started looking bright in this department as
well. Salaries begin at Rs 3‐3.5 lakh per annum and can go up to Rs 10‐13 lakh within 10 years.
Career options: One is involved in design, research and maintenance of air/spacecraft. One can
work with private companies or with space and defense organizations.
Starting Salary: Rs 3‐3.5 lakh per annum
Institutes...
• Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore; www.iisc.ernet.in
• Indian Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, Dehradun; www.iiaedehradun.org
• IIT(Kharagpur, Kanpur, Mumbai, Madras); www.iit(kgp/k/b/m).ac.in
• Academy of Aerospace and Aviation, Indore; www.aaaindore.com
Agriculture
In a country whose economy survives on agriculture, perhaps no other field of engineering has
the same halo image as agricultural engineering. The mechanization and technological
advancements in rural agriculture in India can be attributed to this field of engineering.
Development of machinery for agriculture, planning of water
distribution ‐ canals, reservoirs and dams and its utilisation for
crop production and irrigation, soil use and conservation
techniques, agriculture processing and even food processing are
major focus areas of agricultural engineering.
“Agricultural engineering applies other engineering branches such as civil, chemical, electrical
and mechanical to enhance productivity and profitability,” explains TV Satyanarayana, associate
dean, Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad.
Besides easing agricultural operations in its initial stages and even during harvest, agricultural
engineering is involved in the handling and transportation, processing and value addition and
the packaging and marketing of the produce.
Essentially then, the extent of agricultural engineers doesn’t end in the field. With the
advancement in this sector, it has come to include four major areas — farm mechanization,
natural resource conservation technology, post‐harvest processing and value addition and
bioenergy generation and utilization.
Education in the field of agricultural engineering began in India in 1942 at Allahabad Agriculture
Institute, now Allahabad Agricultural Deemed University. The bachelor’s degree in agricultural
engineering is a foundation course that focuses on courses related to humanities and social
sciences, basic and applied sciences, engineering sciences, engineering design and construction
principles.
At the master’s level, students are expected to choose their area of specialization such as water
irrigation or farm machinery.
Major recruiters of agricultural engineers are tractor companies, farm tools and machinery
manufacturers, land development, irrigation and drainage equipment manufacturers, food and
dairy industries.
One can expect a pay package of Rs 20‐30 thousand per month. Companies have also formed
partnership with the government regarding projects such as micro irrigation and now have a
strong presence during campus placements.
Though, initial salaries are not that high, there is no dearth of opportunities for growth and
expansion into the related fields.
Career options: Farm tools and machinery manufacturers, irrigation and drainage equipment
manufacturers, food and dairy industries.
Starting Salary: Rs 2‐4 lakh per annum
Institutes...
• Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur; www.iitkgp.ac.in
• Tamil Nadu Agricultural University; www.tnau.ac.in
• Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Delhi; www.iari.res
BioEngineering
If you fancy scientists garbed in what looks like a space suit, operating in squeaky clean
laboratories with state‐of‐the‐art equipment trying to take to market the miracles that have
been created in a petridish, bioengineering could be the field for you.
Bioengineering professionals will be in high demand
Unlike biotechnology, bioengineering has for its prime focus, the execution and production of
biomaterials and bioproducts that have been derived out of successful experiments.
While biotechnology is more diverse and operates at a theoretical level as well as in the lab,
bioengineering translates basic information into end products that can be used by the common
man.
Bioengineering comes in the terminal phase of the application process. “At this stage, there can
be multiple pathways to meet your goal,” says PK Yadav, Dean, School of Life Sciences,
Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Delhi.
Not too many schools offer pure bioengineering programmes at the undergraduate and post
graduate levels. The IITs at Kanpur and Madras offer programmes in bioengineering.
Other schools incorporate the same in varying degrees in other programmes. Jadavpur
University offers a programme in Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Manipal
University has a course in Biomedical Engineering.
IIT‐Madras and Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum,
along with Christian Medical College, Vellore, are offering a joint M.Tech in Clinical Engineering
and a Ph.D majoring in biomedical devices and technology.
Since this is such an inter‐disciplinary field, professionals trained in all the basic sciences,
including physics, chemistry, botany, zoology and mathematics, are eligible for this field.
In bioengineering, you could be studying molecular life sciences, bioprocess technology, cell
biology, genetic engineering, bioinformatics, metabolic engineering, tissue engineering and
nano‐biotechnology. Students are familiarized with different processes and technology like
bioreactors and fermentors, thermodynamics and so on. Apart from the medical sector,
bioengineers are in great demand in government organizations like Defense Research &
Development Organization (DRDO).
Here they work on more challenging assignments such as making equipments and biomaterials
that could save the lives of soldiers. “At any given time, there are 52 scientists working in our
systems labs on different projects,” says VC Padaki, Director, Defence Bioengineering and
Electromedical Laboratory, Bangalore.
A junior scientist in the private sector can get a starting salary of Rs 2.4‐3.5 lakh per annum. At
Reliance Industries, which invested heavily in stem cell research and its applications,
remunerations range from Rs 2‐20 lakh per annum. At the entry level, scientists join as research
fellows in the R&D group.
Next is the level of research scientist who also has to manage a team of research fellows and
reports to a research leader. At the final level is the research director who is the head of the
R&D group.
Career options: Bioengineers are in demand in medical sector, corporate sector and even
government organizations such as DRDO.
Starting Salary: Rs 2‐20 lakh per annum
Institutes...
• School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University; www.jnu.ac.in
• Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur www.iitk.ac.in
• Indian Institute of Technology, Madras; www.iitmac.in
• Christian Medical College, Vellore; www.cmch‐vellore.edu
Clinical Engineering
Over the past five decades healthcare delivery has increasingly become technology driven, be it
the development of new drugs, vaccines or medical devices and even diagnostic techniques.
Innovation and evaluation are key roles of clinical engineers
A modern age medical care involves extensive use of a variety of equipments and technologies. It
is pertinent that these technologies be used efficiently and managed properly by well‐trained
clinical engineers.
Thus, the primary role of a clinical engineer is to carry out activities related to equipment
management such as review of equipment specifications before purchase, installation and
testing new equipments, routine safety testing as well as preventive and breakdown
maintenance and other related activities.
Furthermore, since clinical engineers are directly placed in the clinical environment, they get to
know the technological problems faced in such situations and hence can also play an important
role in initiating the development of new medical technologies and evaluating them.
M.Tech. (Clinical Engineering) programme has an innovative approach of combining formal
engineering training with hands‐on clinical exposure. It is a unique undertaking and will exploit
the innate strengths and facilities of the three institutes — Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for
Medical Sciences & Technology (SCTIMST), IIT Madras and Christian Medical College (CMC),
Vellore.
Selection of candidates will be done on an all‐India basis through a screening test and a personal
interview. The M.Tech. programme will be of two and‐a‐half years duration. The students will
study and train at all the three participating institutes.
The programme trains engineers to manage and ensure safe and effective use of technology in
health care delivery points. A unique feature of the course is clinical attachment, which exposes
the students to the clinical environment as they undertake an exercise aimed at identifying
twenty five problems faced in a typical clinical environment and propose innovative solutions to
these.
Students focus on identification of problems typical to clinical engineering practice such as
equipment management, safety evaluation and preventive maintenance and come up with
possible solutions.
After the programme, you could be placed in a hospital or with the medical devices industry.
“Any hospital that wants to provide good quality care to its patients will use clinical engineers,”
explains GK Suraishkumar, head of department, IIT‐Madras.
The career path comprises of supervised management of clinical engineering duties at the entry
level, followed by continuous up gradation (this could be facilitated by a higher degree such as a
Ph.D) to training and research level jobs in the hospital.
Career options: Clinical engineers carry out equipment evaluation and management at
hospitals. They also have a keen role to play in technology innovation.
Starting Salary: Rs 7‐ 12 lakh per annum
Institutes...
• IIT Madras www.iitm.ac.in
• Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram;
www.sctimst.ac.in
• Christian Medical College, Vellore; www.cmch‐vellore.edu
Communication Engineering
Imagine a world where mobiles don’t work, you can’t access your favorite channel on the
television, no GPS for taking you to your destination. But thanks to electronics and
communication engineers this just remains a figment of imagination.
Communication engineers are in great demand
Electronics and Communications engineering is a vast field which covers microwave and optical
communication, digital systems, signal processing, telecommunications, advanced
communication, micro electronics etc. This branch of engineering has a key place in the field of
information technology, electrical, power system operations, communication systems, etc.
To make a career in this field a student has to start with a B.Tech in Electronics and
Communication engineering.
Various institutes provide a plethora of options to students; a student can specialize in different
fields in this stream and can even choose to do a dual degree. Indian Institute of Technology
(IIT), Kharagpur, offers B.Tech course, M. Tech in Telecommunication Systems engineering,
Fiber Optics and Light wave engineering, etc and also doles out dual degrees in Electronics and
Electrical Communication engineering and Telecom System engineering, Electronics and
Electrical Communication engineering and Visual Information & Embedded Systems. A student
can further go for Ph.D. from IIT Kharagpur.
Delhi College of Engineering has a Bachelor of Engineering and offers Master of Engineering in
Electronics and Communication and in Microwave and Optical Communication. National
Institute of Technology (NIT) Calicut, Rourkela and Karnataka offer B. Tech in this field.
For M.Tech there are many options at NITs‐ NIT Calicut offers M.Tech in Digital Systems and
Communication, Electronic Design and Technology, Signal Processing, and Telecommunication;
NIT Rourkela has M.Tech in Telematics and signal processing; and NIT Karnataka offers M.Tech
in Digital Electronics and Advanced Communication.
Communication engineers are often expected to provide the best solution possible at the
minimum cost and this drives them to find creative solutions. They are involved in designing
and fabricating chips, advanced communication such as satellite and microwave
communications, communication networks solutions, application of different electronic fields
and thus are in great demand with both public as well as private sector. An electronics and
communication engineer can find a promising job with companies such as TCS, Motorola,
Infosys, DRDO, ISRO, HCL, VSNL, etc.
“Electronics and Communication engineer have always been in demand because this branch of
engineering keeps on evolving and opens new opportunities for the professionals involved,”
says P Kishore, Assistant Professor, National Institute of Technology, Warangal.
An engineer can fetch an average starting salary of Rs 3.5‐ 4 lakhs per annum and maximum
starting salary can reach up to Rs 12 lakhs per annum.
Career options: A professional can work in the field of telecommunications, signals, satellite
and microwave communications, etc.
Starting Salary: Rs 3.5‐12 lakh per annum
Institutes...
• Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur; www.iitkgp.ac.in
• Delhi College of Engineering; www.dce.edu
• National Institute of Technology, Calicut; www.nitc.ac.in
Computer Science
The slump may have dented the golden software industry a bit, but in the long run it still
remains your ticket to good money. To woo the best of the breed, IT giants like Wipro, Tata
Consultancy Services (TCS) and Infosys are willing to shell out Rs 3‐4 lakh per annum as a
starting salary.
Developing new applications is an integral role of software engineers
Multinationals like Google, Microsoft and Yahoo go up to Rs 6‐7 lakh per annum in addition to
some delectable perks — foreign travel and a great work environment are just some of these.
Although giants like Infosys and Wipro offer many challenging avenues for computer science
engineers, most Indian companies are not the most preferred employers.
“These companies use already existing technologies to develop a solution thereby posing no
great challenges, unlike a Yahoo or Google that routinely develop technological solutions
themselves and thus offer aspirants immense scope for original work,” says Pankaj Jalote,
Microsoft chair professor, department of computer science and engineering, Indian Institute of
Technology (IIT)‐Delhi.
While a B.Tech in computer science could fetch great salaries and job openings at international
firms, a master’s programme does not enjoy the same popularity among students.
To woo more students, institutes have started offering a variety of electives which make these
programmes specialized and industry‐oriented. M.Tech courses that are application oriented are
usually preferred over MS courses, which operate more in the realm of concepts.
“M.Tech in India has more course work (project work) than thesis compared to MS,” says Jalote.
On the other hand, MS is a programme that naturally gravitates towards PhD as it requires more
independent research work. A PhD in computer science engineering is highly desired by most
companies operating in the space.
The fact that these are in short supply means better salary packages in comparison to the B.Tech
and M.Tech/MS students. There is a demand for over 200 PhDs in a year. Of these, almost a
hundred can be readily absorbed in the corporate sector. Packages offered to them range
between Rs 8‐10 lakh per annum.
With more research labs being set up in India, there are a lot of challenges floating around.
“PhDs get to do interesting work unlike many B.Techs. The interest in PhD programme is on a
rise,” says Manindra Agarwal, faculty, computer science engineering department, IIT‐Kanpur.
Subhash Rao, Director, HR, Cisco India, says, “Since the focus today is on product‐oriented
innovation, there is tremendous scope for students who build on their theoretically acquired
skills and knowledge. Aligning these to the industry requirement would be of prime importance
to their growth.”
Career options: Software companies and independent labs. The focus is on product‐oriented
innovation.
Starting Salary: Rs 3‐4 lakh per annum
Institutes...
• Aligarh Muslim University; www.amu.ac.in
• IIT (Chennai, Delhi, Kharagpur, Mumbai, Roorkie, Kanpur, Guwahati);
www.iit(m/d/kgp/b/r/k/g)ac.in
• National Institute of Technology (Durgapur, Rourkela, Warangal, Calicut, Bhopal, Jalandhar);
www.nit(dgp/rkl/w/c/jsr).ac.in
Electrical Engineering
This is the mother of all streams of engineering. Despite being one of the oldest streams in
engineering, the academic programme has shown much resilience and agility by adapting itself
to industrial demands and technological innovations. It still is a much desired and a sufficiently
lucrative arena.
Electrical engineering provides intense training in all essential subjects of electrical science such
as electrical circuits, power systems, rotating electrical machines and transformers, electrical
measuring instruments and automatic control systems.
After a B.Tech in electrical engineering, one can opt for an M.Tech in a specialized field such as
electric drives and power electronics, measurement and instrumentation, etc.
Five‐year dual degree programmes are also provided by most of the IITs. Indian Institute of
Technology (IIT), Delhi, provides a five‐year dual‐degree programme integrating B.Tech
(Electrical Engineering) with M.Tech (Information and Communication Technology). IIT Roorkee
offers a B. Tech (Electrical) combined with M. Tech (Power Electronics). Such integrated courses
save a precious year and provide focused training.
Electrical engineering still remains a popular field
A popular master’s programme for electrical engineers is in medical imaging and image analysis.
IIT Kharagpur offers a programme in the same. The course covers topics like molecular imaging,
medical imaging instrumentation and pattern recognition.
National Institute of Technology, Calicut, offers an M.Tech (Industrial Power) that covers areas
like industrial power distribution, supervisory control and data acquisition system, process
automation and industrial automation.
After post graduation, you could either work for core electrical fields such as power grid stations
and thermal power plants or go for communication system engineering, mobile communication
systems, robotics and artificial intelligence, optical communication and even automobile
engineering, aerospace engineering and traction control systems to name a few.
The starting salaries for electrical engineers range from Rs 2.5‐15 lakh per annum depending on
the sector you work for. R Ramakrishnan, executive director, Bajaj Electricals, is upbeat about
future employment prospects and opportunities.
“Looking into the power scenario as well as development in Indian economy, electrical
engineering candidates have a bright future in generation, transmission and distribution of
projects,” he says. The field of diagnostics in biomedical sciences is another promising area of
application.
Career options: One can choose core electrical fields or go for robotics and artificial
intelligence, communication systems, etc.
Starting Salary: Rs 2.5‐15 lakh per annum
Institutes...
• Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi; www.iitd.ac.in
• National Institute of Technology, Calicut; www.nitc.ac.in
• Delhi College of Engineering; www.dce.edu
Energy
The ministry of power estimates that we need to double the power generation capacity by the
end of the next decade. This has prompted the private sector to invest in power generation.
Students can help ease the energy crisis in the country
“It is expected that the energy sector in India would need investments of about Rs 5 lakh crore in
the next five years alone,” says Rangan Banerjee, professor, Department of Energy Science and
Engineering at IIT, Bombay.
An engineering course in energy is meant to provide a solid grounding in its fundamentals. It is
an inter‐disciplinary programme, which incorporates varied skills from the fields of civil,
mechanical, mining and chemical engineering.
However, specialization in energy is not as popular at under graduation as it is at higher levels.
The master’s course focuses on three major areas — how to improve conventional sources of
energy, renewable sources of energy and non‐conventional sources of energy. The course also
incorporates energy conservation and energy management.
“It prepares students to estimate energy consumption pattern in the industry and understand its
commercial applications,” explains R Rudramoorthy, professor, PSG College of Technology,
Coimbatore. With the increased awareness regarding climate change and global warming, there
is a huge demand for energy engineers in the job market.
In various government bodies, particularly the renewable energy development agencies of
various states, manpower with special training in renewable sources of energy is in demand.
The government has also made it mandatory for industries to employ personnel specialized in
energy auditing, conservation and management. Apart from the private and government sector,
the not‐for‐profit sector is another area that offers great growth prospects.
Private players, aiming at aggressive expansion, like Suzlon and Reliance, offer a bright future to
young professionals. “At present, wind energy is catering to about 6 per cent of the nation’s
electricity demand,” says Soumitro Banerjee, faculty at the Energy Engineering Department, IIT
Kharagpur. Industry is moving into photovoltaic power modules and more avenues are being
explored.
Along with wind energy, solar photovoltaic technology market has seen a rise of 62 per cent last
year and companies moving into this space will also be hiring aggressively.
“Moser Baer, setting up a $500 million PV fabrication facility in Chennai with an annual capacity
to produce 40 MW, would require at the very outset 4,000 engineers and scientists,” points out
VVN Kishore, senior fellow, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI). Similarly, solar water
heating industry is also experiencing a positive growth pattern.
The area of research in energy is another hugely untapped and under‐ explored area that is
suffering from a crippling shortage of human resources.
Career options: Conservation, auditing, and management in private, public and the non‐profit
sector.
Starting Salary: Rs 3‐5 lakh per annum
Institutes...
• Centre for Energy Studies, IIT Delhi; www.iid.ac.in
• Pondicherry Engineering College; www.pec.edu
• Tezpur University, Assam; www.tezu.ernet
Environment Engineering
India stands third among the top ten emitters of industrial water pollutants. The receding
glaciers in the Himalayas demand urgent attention on climate change.
Environment engineering is a mix of civil and chemical engineering
Our environmentalists are struggling to find a solution to the problems caused by pollution. In
such a scenario, taking up a course in Environmental Engineering seems more attractive than
ever.
The course falls in the purview of civil engineering, though, it deals with a mix of civil and
chemical engineering. The four‐year bachelor’s course in Environmental Engineering (BE) is an
inter‐disciplinary programme that includes air quality control, water supply, waste disposal,
storm water management, solid waste management, and hazardous waste management.
There are a few institutes that offer an undergraduate programme in environmental studies.
“We are not looking for specialists at the bachelor’s level. An environmental engineer has got to
be multi‐disciplinary. This adds value to the master’s programme because there is so much
diversity in it,” says Professor Sudha Goel of the environment engineering department at IIT‐
Kharagpur. There are three prominent master’s programmes. These are Environmental
Engineering, Environmental Management, and M.Sc. in Environmental Sciences.
Professor Thanasekaran of the environment studies department at Anna University says,
“Initially, the course used to focus only on the need for acceptable drinking water and
management of liquid and solid wastes. But, now it is evolving to face new challenges of reducing
the levels of air and land contamination, toxic‐waste and hazardous waste management.”
Many institutions like IIT‐Kanpur and IIT‐Kharagpur have incorporated the managerial aspects
within the syllabus of their environmental engineering course. Professor SK Singh, head of the
civil engineering department at Delhi College of Engineering, states, “A majority of the students
are employed by consultancy firms, recycling and waste management companies, while many
opt for a career in teaching.”
In the public sector the salaries range between Rs 12,000‐15,000 per month plus perks. In the
private sector the packages range between Rs 35,000‐37,000 per month. These professionals are
highly sought after to address the problem of pollution control.
Before major construction work is undertaken on an industrial unit, hotel, airport, or dam, these
engineers are required to study their impact on the environment and suggest any necessary
changes in the plans.
Career options: Majority of the students are employed by consultancy firms, recycling and
waste management companies, and some opt for a career in teaching.
Starting Salary: Rs 3.6‐4.5 lakh per annum
Institutes...
• Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur; www.iitk.ac.in
• Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur; www.iitkgp.ac.in
• Delhi College of Engineering; www.dce.edu
• Anna University, Chennai; www.annauniv.edu
• TERI University, New Delhi; www.teriuniversity.ac.in
Instrumentation & Control
As processes become more and more automated the instruments at the component and sub‐
system levels tend to become more and more integrated and, thus, the need for a closer
monitoring of inputs and responses becomes more obligatory. Instrumentation and control
engineering has an inter‐disciplinary character and deals with the instruments and control
mechanism.
The downturn has not dampened placements
According to experts, there is hardly any area of engineering, science and technology where
instrumentation in one form or the other is not needed.
Biomedical instrumentation, robotics, industrial electronics, computer controlled
instrumentation and artificial intelligence are some of the areas this branch of engineering
specializes in.
An instrument & control engineer works for industries with automated processes, such as
chemical or manufacturing plants, with the goal of improving system productivity, reliability,
safety, optimization and stability.
A student can start with a B.Tech in Instrumentation and Control engineering. Netaji Subhash
Institute of Technology (NSIT), New Delhi, provides a B.Tech in Instrumentation and Control
engineering and an aspirant can secure the admission through Common Entrance Exam (CEE)
conducted by Delhi University every year. The fee is approximately Rs 25, 000 per year. Delhi
College of Engineering offers ME in Control and Instrumentation engineering.
Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, also offers B.Tech programme in this stream.
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (JNTU) offers a B.Tech in Electronics &
Instrumentation engineering.
IIT Kharagpur offers several options – one can choose from a regular B. Tech degree, a dual
B.Tech degree in Electrical and instrumentation, or a dual B.Tech and M.Tech degree in
Instrumentation engineering (5 years).
Being an inter‐disciplinary course opportunities are aplenty. A student has the option of
choosing his/her interest depending upon the market conditions. Students can branch out to
any of these industries ‐ IT, communication, manufacturing and process, instrumentation,
petroleum and power, or electronic industry.
TCS, Infosys, Wipro, HCL, Seimens, Texas Instruments, Indian Oil, EIL, HLL, etc. make a beeline at
various campuses and hand out neat pay packages to the graduates.
The average starting salary is around Rs 4.5 lakhs per annum and the maximum starting salary
can reach up to Rs 20 lakhs per annum. Even the downturn has not affected the placements
and the pay packages of students.
Smriti Srivastava, Associate Head, Instrumentation and Control engineering department, NSIT,
vouches for the same demand, “The effects of the economic downturn are very marginal and
the reputed institutes are able to provide placements to students just like before.”
Career options: Every sector requires instrumentation engineers and they can choose a stream
according to market conditions.
Starting Salary: Rs 4.5‐5 lakh per annum
Institutes...
• Netaji Subhash Institute of Technology, New Delhi; www.nsit.ac.in
• Delhi College of Engineering; www.dce.edu
• Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur; www.iitkgp.ac.in
• Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University; www.jntu.ac.in
• National Institute of Technology, Rourkela; www.nitrkl.ac.in
Laser Technology
If you have grown up watching Star Wars, then you would also know how hard it is to resist
fantasizing about the array of laser weapons on display there. But if Star Wars is not your cup of
tea and you are of a less violent disposition, then fret not.
Laser technology has become integral to life
Laser technology is a huge area with numerous applications and is being utilized in almost every
field. Be it your CD/DVD drives, printer, clinical and surgical equipments, remote sensing,
defense or welding tools.
The field, like its applications, is limitless with immense unexplored opportunities as the
scientific community moves towards the realm of quantum computers, quantum
communication, 3D data storage devices, terahertz networks to name a few.
Laser engineering is an inter‐disciplinary field which draws from other branches such as
mechanical, electrical, metallurgical, chemical or aerospace engineering. The oldest department
for laser technology programme in the country is at Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur
(since mid 1980s).
The selection procedure for these programmes is usually very competitive and only a limited
number of seats are offered at master’s level. “This is a research‐based field where one has to
be competent to grow professionally. It is not like a bachelor’s stream where even a mediocre
student finds a decent placement,” explains Utpal Das, head, Centre for Laser Technology, IIT,
Kanpur.
So far Indian companies have not invested enough in laser related research and development.
“Usually, they just buy technology from abroad,” laments Das. But experts are confident that
the transition is happening and Indian students will get a chance at innovation too. As of now,
students can be employed to perform myriad roles — from maintaining blast furnaces to
making surgical equipments for health centers.
Career options: Optical division of various companies, software companies, DRDO, health
centers and labs.
Starting Salary: Rs 5 lakh per annum
Institutes...
• IIT‐ Kanpur, Delhi, Kharagpur, Guwahati, Chennai, Mumbai; www.iit (k/d/kgp/g/m/b).ac.in
• Anna University, Chennai; www.annauniv.edu
• University of Pune physics, unipune.ernet.in/aboutus.shtm
• Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, www.rri.res.in
• Cochin University of Science and Technology; www.cusat.ac.in
Marine Engineering
A rapid growth in the Indian shipping industry has resulted in an increase in opportunities for
mariners. A course in marine engineering helps in meeting the growing demands of this field.
Marine engineering mainly deals with the construction and maintenance of sailing vessels.
Marine Engineering is challenging like no other
Students are given intensive training in topics such as boilers, internal combustion engines,
boiler chemistry, advanced hydraulics, power plant operations, control engineering and
automation, ship operations and management among others. New emerging areas such as
ocean thermal energy, magneto hydrodynamics and nuclear propulsion parts have recently
been included in the curriculum.
The Indian Maritime Industry is expanding. The port capacity is expected to increase to 2,000
million tonnes from 517 million tonnes (as on March 31, 2007) by 2012. There is a booming
offshore services sector to add more punch.
All this serves as the ground for a flourishing career as a marine engineer. An employee at V
Ships says, “Presently, all yards are booked to capacity and there is a crippling dearth of a
qualified crew, so there is a growing demand for engineers.”
The four‐year B.Tech marine engineering programme offered at many central institutions has
an inter‐disciplinary flavor. “To keep up with the standards of various present generation
vessels, the course mix has become much more advanced and developed,” says Kailash Gupta,
administration and personnel head at Shipping Corporation of India. Some of the new electives
include double hull tankers, advanced material science, surface engineering, renewable energy
and resource application.
These contemporary programmes also have an inbuilt professional training on campus and
ships which give them “wider knowledge and enhances competency levels,” says professor SK
Mukherjee, Marine Engineering and Research Institute (MERI), Kolkata. There is an alternate
route as well.
You could enter marine engineering through the mechanical side and follow it up with a one‐
year diploma in marine engineering. Intensive training is given at shipyards and marine
engineering colleges. This is followed by a final certification from Directorate General of
Shipping (DGS).
On the post graduate side, institutes such as IIT Madras and Kharagpur offer a master’s degree
in Ocean Engineering and Naval Architecture. Speaking of the course, professor Ganesh Babu at
the Department of Ocean Engineering, IIT Madras, explains, “The course is much broader than
marine engineering. It concentrates more on the designing, durability and reliability of
structures.”
One of the challenges here is the lack of participation of women. This could be attributed to a
perception of it being a woman unfriendly field. To fix this anomaly, the government has
reduced the tuition fee for girls from Rs 1 lakh to Rs 20,000.
Archana Singh, student at MERI, Kolkata, explains that “there is still a lack of awareness.”
Whatever the reasons, maritime jobs are here to stay as they provide a rich arena of
opportunities.
Career options: Shipping Corporation of India, Navy, ship building firms or societies that
inspect ships.
Starting Salary: Rs 7.5‐10 lakh per annum
Institutes...
• Marine Engineering and Research Institute (MERI), branches in Kolkata and Mumbai; www.
merical.ac.in
• Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai; www. iitm.ac.in
Material & Metallurgy
What would super heroes like Batman and Spiderman do without material engineers? For all
their supernatural gifts, they have to necessarily rely on super efficient gadgets and materials to
be able to perform their near miraculous feats. From Batman’s fire‐resistant cape to
Spiderman’s adhesive‐based web spinning liquid, the magic lies in the material.
Students find multiple application areas
Material engineers are busy discovering and rediscovering, properties of known materials and
their alloys, mixing or realigning them to develop newer materials that could perform feats no
less than a super hero.
This field is coming of age in India, although, age‐old ferrous metals and alloys still rule the
roost because of their continued relevance. Materials engineering delves into the extraction,
properties, utility and optimization of different materials.
Materials engineering or materials science, as the next generation departments would be
referred to, are concerned with all kinds of materials, their properties, structures, extraction,
production and optimal use for a particular end.
“This is one area,” says Prof Bikramjit Basu, assistant professor at the metallurgical and
materials engineering department at IIT‐Kanpur, “which is applicable to all streams. You could
be working on a material used for hip replacement, a nuclear reactor or even space shuttles.”
While metallurgy involves itself in the study of metals and its alloys, materials science lends
itself to the study of non‐ferrous materials such as polymers, ceramics, metal ceramic
combines, semiconductors and even nano materials and nano‐composites.
The market is keen on people who are strong in both fundamentals and the knowledge of hi‐
tech applications. For example, Nokia scouts around for people who are knowledgeable in
electronic material as well as nano‐materials when they visit the IIT campuses.
In addition to the national labs like Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, National Physics
Laboratory, there are General Electric and General Motors who have set up shop and require
talent for their research facilities.
Contrary to what students think, this field is not predominantly about mugging up chemical
formulae. “You can branch out into extraction, production or research depending on the need
of the market,” says R Balasubramanium, professor, materials and metallurgical engineering
department, IIT Kanpur. Students are placed in hard industries, adds professor
Balasubramanium. They can also gain other types of employment like in the financial services.
Students can walk home with a starting salary of Rs 6‐10 lakh per annum. Regular employers
doing the rounds of institutes include GE, GM, Satyam, Arcelor, Reliance, Schlumberger, Tata
Steel and Ispat. Whatever the pathways, growth is assured.
Career options: A graduate can branch out into extraction, production or research depending
on the need of the market.
Starting Salary: Rs 6‐10 lakh per annum
Institutes...
• Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur; www.iitkgp.ac.in
• Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur; www.iitk.ac.in
• Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay; www.iitb.ac.in
• National Institute of Technology, Warangal; www.nitw.ac.in
Nano Technology
Nano” means “dwarf” and nanotechnology is the applied science in which you use technology
to work on particles as small as 100 nanometers.
Nanotechnology is poised to change the face of science
Touted to redefine science altogether, nanotechnology is taking tiny but firm steps to acquire its
giant status in the coming decade. The field is poised to create multiple revolutions in every
sector it touches, be it medicine, biotechnology, cosmetics or paints.
Every new finding in engineering sciences, material sciences, instrumentation, device fabrication
and drug delivery systems has at least one component related to nano science and technology.
Being truly multidisciplinary nanotech requires a strong foundation in sciences.
“Any person having strong fundamentals in physics, chemistry, mathematics, biology and/or any
of the engineering disciplines can pursue higher education (M.Tech/PhD) in nanotechnology,”
says B.L.V. Prasad, scientist, National Chemical Laboratories (NCL), Pune.
He adds that there is no need to introduce nanotechnology as a subject or specialization at
undergraduate or graduate level “at the expense of traditional core subjects like mathematics,
physics, chemistry and biology. It might just prove detrimental to the students.” For this reason,
few institutes offer nanotech as an undergraduate programme. A majority of students go for
nanotech only at the level of M.Tech/PhD.
To give impetus to this field, the Central Government has allotted a generous grant of Rs 1,000
crore to the Department of Biotechnology’s Nano mission. Three universities— Guru Gobind
Singh Indraprastha University (GGSIPU), Delhi, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, and Anna University,
Chennai, have MS and M.Tech level courses.
Seven centers of excellence have also been established all over India to promote work in the field
of nanotechnology. Of the existing institutions, National Chemical Laboratories, Pune, offers one
of the best facilities. It also offers international exposure through multiple collaborations with
universities abroad.
The Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, in addition to the
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, is also premier organizations facilitating research work in
nanotechnology.
Ongoing research looks at nano materials based solar cells, nano‐composites for industrial
applications, drug delivery systems for treatment of tumors, nano semiconductors for display
devices, nano biotechnology for health care in targeting anti‐cancer drug in the treatment. There
are also nano robots and molecular machines that monitor the health of human beings.
Starting salaries after completion of a doctoral programme can range from Rs 20,000 per month
to Rs 5 lakh per month depending on the subject of research and the employer.
Says Dr Chandrabhas of Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR),
Bangalore, “Nanotechnology salaries will match the salaries of the IT industry. The need of the
hour is to commercialize the research work.”
With basic research taking many decades, it may take considerable time to establish oneself but
the wait is worth every second. Players like Dabur, Reliance and Honeywell are venturing into
nanotechnology to improve the quality of their products.
Career options: The potential is great because the companies want to cut competition and
invent new products to stay ahead.
Starting Salary: Rs 2.4‐60 lakh per annum
Institutes...
• Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay; www.iitb.ac.in
• Jadavpur University, West Bengal; www.jadavpur.edu
• Guru Gobind Singh University, Delhi; www.ggsipu.ac.in
• National Institute of Technology, Calicut; www.nitc.ac.in
Nuclear Technology
The Indo‐US nuclear deal sounded the death knell for India’s three‐decade long nuclear
isolation and translates into $100 billion worth of nuclear commerce in the next two decades.
The field has transformed into a minefield of opportunity; cutting edge research and lucrative
pay packages are now the part of the reality.
More investments would be made in nuclear R&D
“Nuclear science and technology will play a pivotal role in this century as the demand for power
is expanding and innovative means of utilizing fuel are developed around the world,” says RK
Shivpuri, Director, Centre for Detector & Related Software Technologies (CDRST).
Extensive research is underway worldwide to apply nuclear technology in various fields, be it
medicine or environment. But its most topical application is in the field of power. In a world
hard‐pressed to find alternative and clean sources of energy, electricity production based on
nuclear fusion is expected to become an increasingly important segment of the field.
Clearly, the manpower demand and opportunities will burgeon. Unfortunately, education in
this area is limited to a few institutions only.
The much larger unit contributing to nuclear engineering education is the Department of
Atomic Energy (DAE) of the Government of India. It is the prime mover of nuclear technology in
India and is responsible for the design, construction and operation of all the nuclear power
stations.
The manpower requirements of various DAE units are catered to primarily by the Human
Resources Division of the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai. The DAE training course is
of one‐year duration and the engineers or scientists are selected on the basis of a national level
written test and interviews. There are five different training schools and the candidates after
completing this course join various DAE organizations.
Additionally, the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur (IITK) offers M.Tech and PhD
programmes in civil nuclear energy. Delhi University has also launched a three‐year M.Tech
nuclear science and technology programme.
“There is a severe paucity of trained manpower in this field, and we need such courses to fill
that gap,” says Shivpuri. Nuclear engineers are required for setting up power plants and
handling their subsequent operation and management. Apart from power generation there are
a plethora of other areas such as radioactive waste management and nuclear medicine.
The employment opportunities are in DAE and the private sector. “Companies such as AREVA
Corp., Reliance Nuclear, NTPC, Larsen and Toubro have all shown interest,” says Prabhat
Munshi, Professor, Nuclear Engineering and Technology Programme, IITK. Of course the
possibility of working abroad is always open, as the need to find alternative fuel has become an
international priority.
The work could vary from research work to setting up power plants, to its operation and
maintenance. The starting salary right now is according to the government pay scale, but the
private sector is expected to offer lofty figures.
Career options: The work varies from research work to setting up power plants, to its operation
and maintenance. Candidates find employment with DAE and private sector.
Starting Salary: According to government scale
Institutes...
• Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; www.barc.ernet.in
• Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur; www.iitk.ac.in
• University of Delhi; web: www.du.ac.in
Petroleum
If there is one thing that is as precious as gold, it is petroleum. Petrol or ‘Black gold’ is the
dearest source of energy today and professionals who excel in this field would be even dearer.
Great scope and attractive salaries await you
With new offshore sites being discovered, the demand for professionals has gone up
tremendously. A survey revealed that the industry will require an additional 800 petro‐technical
students by 2017. Of these, 600 would be required by 2012.
You can choose to do either petroleum engineering or petrochemical engineering. Petroleum
engineering deals with exploration and location of oil and gas reserves below the surface of the
earth or the oceans.
It involves processes like drilling, logging, oilfield development and reservoir engineering. As a
petrochemical engineer, your main task will be refining, processing and finally making the
product marketable.
To make a career in this field, you need to begin with a four‐year B.Tech programme in
Petroleum, Petrochemical, Chemical or Mechanical Engineering from any recognized institute or
university. With a valid GATE score you can follow it up with a two‐year M.Tech in Petroleum or
Petrochemical Engineering.
Most of the students, however, prefer to work for at least two three years before going for a
master’s, often as a sponsored candidate from their company. In the absence of specially trained
manpower, companies hire chemical engineers or mechanical engineers too.
However, “They must undergo some basic training before becoming ready for the industry
requirements,” says Hamid Ali, former head, department of petroleum studies at Aligarh Muslim
University (AMU), which offers an M.Tech programme in Petroleum Processing and
Petrochemical Engineering.
A lot of universities such as Indian School of Mines University (ISMU), Dhanbad, and School of
Petroleum Technology, Gandhinagar, Gujarat also offer a five‐year dual degree programme
offering B.Tech and M.Tech in Petroleum Engineering.
You can also go in for Integrated B.Tech (Applied Petroleum Engineering) and MBA (Oil & Gas
Management) or Integrated B.Tech (Gas Engineering) and MBA (Upstream Asset Management)
at the University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun.
It’s not just the men’s world; even women are being hired for frontline jobs. Cairn India has
started hiring women professionals for the jobs which were once men’s domain.
You could begin anywhere between Rs 60,000 per month to Rs 2.5 lakh per month. However,
what discourage aspirants from joining this sector is the tough working conditions apart from the
sheer lack of awareness. For instance, shifts on rigs are for 12 hours with typical work‐cycles of
15 to 27 days.
Career options: There are numerous opportunities in both government and private sector.
GAIL, ONGC, Reliance are some of the companies involved in the field.
Starting Salary: Rs 7.2‐30 lakh per annum
Institutes...
• School of Petroleum Technology, Gandhinagar www.iptg.ac.in
• Indian School of Mines University, Dhanbad; www.ismdhanbad.ac.in
• University of Petroleum and Energy Studies; www.upesindia.org