Designation: A 82 – 97ae1 American Association State Highway and Transportation Officials

Standard AASHTO No.: M 32

Standard Specification for

Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete Reinforcement1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 82; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

e1 NOTE—Editorial changes were made in June 2001.

1. Scope MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products Preparation for Ship-

1.1 This specification covers cold-drawn steel wire, as- ment and Storage7
drawn or galvanized, to be used as such, or in fabricated form, 2.3 U.S. Federal Standard:
for the reinforcement of concrete, in sizes not less than 2.03 Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipments (Civil Agencies)7
mm (0.080 in.) nominal diameter. 2.4 Other Standard:
1.2 Supplement S1 describes high-strength wire, which ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Con-
shall be furnished when specifically ordered. It shall be crete8
permissible to furnish high-strength wire in place of regular 3. Ordering Information
wire if mutually agreed to by the purchaser and the supplier.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units 3.1 Orders for material to this specification should include
are to be regarded as standard. Within the text the inch-pound the following information:
units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each 3.1.1 Quantity (weight),
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must 3.1.2 Name of material (cold-drawn steel wire for concrete
be used independently of the other. Combining values may reinforcement),
result in nonconformance with the specification. 3.1.3 Wire size number (see Section 8),
3.1.4 Packaging (see Section 15), and
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.5 ASTM designation and year of issue.
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3.1.6 Special requirements, if any. (See Supplement S1.)
A 185 Specification for Steel Welded Wire Fabric, Plain, for NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is as follows: 100 000 lb
Concrete Reinforcement2 cold-drawn steel wire for concrete reinforcement, Size No. W5 in 500 lb
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing secured coils, to ASTM – _________.
of Steel Products3
A 641 Specification for Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Carbon 4. Materials and Manufacture
Steel Wire4 4.1 The steel shall be made by one of the following
A 700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading processes: open-hearth, electric furnace, or basic-oxygen.
Methods for Steel Products for Domestic Shipment5 4.2 The wire shall be cold drawn from rods that have been
E 83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten- hot rolled from billets.
someters6 4.3 Unless otherwise specified, the wire shall be supplied
2.2 U.S. Military Standards: uncoated. When specified as galvanized, it shall be galvanized
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage7 at finish size.
5. Mechanical Property Requirements
5.1 Tension Tests:
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel, 5.1.1 When tested as described in Test Methods and Defi-
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee nitions A 370, the material, except as specified in 5.1.2, shall
A01.05 on Steel Reinforcement.
Current edition approved December 10, 1997. Published November 1998. conform to the tensile property requirements in Table 1 based
Originally published as A 82 – 21 T. Last previous edition A 82 – 97. on nominal area of wire.
2

3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.04. 5.1.2 The yield strength shall be determined as described in
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.06.
Test Methods and Definitions A 370 at an extension of 0.5 % of
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
7
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4, Section D, 8
Available from American Concrete Institute, P. O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills,
700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094. MI 48333–9094.

Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

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TABLE 1 Tension Test Requirements TABLE 3 Bend Test Requirements
Tensile strength, min, ksi (MPa) 80 (550) Size Number
Bend Test
Yield strength, min, ksi (MPa) 70 (485) of Wire
Reduction of area, min, % 30A W7 and smaller Bend around a pin the diameter that is equal to the
A diameter of the specimen
For material testing over 100 ksi (690 MPa) tensile strength, the reduction of
Coarser than W7 Bend around a pin the diameter that is equal to twice
area shall be not less than 25 %.
the diameter of the specimen

gage length. The manufacturer is not required to test for yield

strength, but is responsible for supplying a product that will TABLE 4 Permissible Variation in Wire Diameter
meet the stipulated limit when tested in conformance with the Permissible
provisions of 11.3. For determining the yield strength, use a Size Number
Nominal Diameter, Variation Plus
Class B-1 extensometer as described in Practice E 83. The in. (mm) and Minus,
in. (mm)
extensometer should be removed from the specimen after the
Smaller than W5 under 0.252 (6.40) 0.003 (0.08)
yield strength has been determined. W5 to W12, incl 0.252 (6.40) to 0.391 0.004 (0.10)
5.1.3 For material to be used in the fabrication of welded (9.93), incl
fabric, the tensile and yield strength properties shall conform to Over to W20, incl over 0.391 (9.93) to 0.006 (0.15)
0.505 (12.83), incl
the requirements given in Table 2, based on nominal area of the Over W20 over 0.505 (12.83) 0.008 (0.20)
wire.
5.1.4 The material shall not exhibit a definite yield point as
evidenced by a distinct drop of the beam or halt in the gage of 7.4 Wire intended for welded fabric shall be sufficiently free
the testing machine prior to reaching ultimate tensile load. The of rust and drawing lubricant so as not to interfere with electric
purchaser may opt to accept this feature as sufficient evidence resistance welding.
of compliance with the specified minimum yield strength tests
covered in 11.3. 8. General Requirements
5.2 Bend Test—The bend test specimen shall stand being 8.1 When wire for concrete reinforcement is ordered by size
bent at room temperature through 180° without cracking on the number, the relation between size number, diameter, and area
outside of the bent portion, as prescribed in Table 3. shown in Table 5 and Table 6 shall apply.
5.3 Reduction of Area Test—The reduction of area shall be
determined as described in Test Methods and Definitions 9. Sampling
A 370, and the wire shall conform to the reduction of area 9.1 Test specimens for testing mechanical properties shall
requirements in Table 1 and Table 2. be full wire sections and shall be obtained from ends of wire
coils as drawn or as galvanized. The specimens shall be of
6. Permissible Variation in Wire Diameter sufficient length to perform testing described in 5.1 and 5.2.
6.1 The permissible variation in the diameter of the wire 9.2 If any test specimen exhibits obvious isolated imperfec-
shall conform to the requirements given in Table 4. tions not representative of the product, it may be discarded and
6.2 The difference between the maximum and minimum
diameters, as measured on any given cross section of the wire, TABLE 5 Dimensional Requirements for Plain Wire—SI Units,
Wire Sizes
shall be no more than the tolerances listed in Table 4 for the
given wire size. Size NumberA Nominal Diameter mm (in.) Nominal Area mm2(in.2)
MW 5 2.50 (0.100) 5 (0.008)
7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance MW 10 3.60 (0.142) 10 (0.016)
MW 15 4.40 (0.173) 15 (0.024)
7.1 The wire shall be free of detrimental imperfections and MW 20 5.00 (0.197) 20 (0.030)
shall have a workmanlike finish. MW 25 5.60 (0.220) 25 (0.039)
7.2 Galvanized wire shall be produced as described in MW 30 6.20 (0.244) 30 (0.046)
MW 35 6.70 (0.264) 35 (0.054)
Specification A 641, regular coating. MW 40 7.10 (0.280) 40 (0.062)
7.3 Rust, surface seams, or surface irregularities shall not be MW 45 7.60 (0.299) 45 (0.070)
a cause for rejection provided the requirements of 7.4 are met, MW 50 8.00 (0.315) 50 (0.077)
MW 55 8.40 (0.331) 55 (0.085)
and the minimum dimensions and mechanical properties of a MW 60 8.70 (0.343) 60 (0.093)
hand wire-brushed test specimen are not less than the require- MW 65 9.10 (0.358) 65 (0.101)
ments of this specification. MW 70 9.40 (0.370) 70 (0.108)
MW 80 10.1 (0.397) 80 (0.124)
MW 90 10.70 (0.421) 90 (0.139)
TABLE 2 Tension Test Requirements (Material for Welded MW 100 11.30 (0.445) 100 (0.155)
Fabric) MW 120 12.40 (0.488) 120 (0.186)
MW 130 12.90 (0.508) 130 (0.201)
Size W1.2 Smaller
MW 200 15.95 (0.628) 200 (0.310)
and than Size
MW 290 19.22 (0.757) 290 (0.450)
Larger W1.2
A
This table represents a hard metrication of the most readily available sizes in
Tensile strength, min, ksi (MPa) 75 (515) 70 (485)
the welded wire reinforcement industry. Table 5 should be used in projects that are
Yield strength, min, ksi (MPa) 65 (450) 56 (385)
designed using SI units; Table 6 should be used on projects designed using
Reduction of area, min, % 30A 30A
inch-pound units. Areas of wire should be checked with the most efficient and
A
For material testing over 100 ksi (690 MPa) tensile strength, the reduction of readily available material from producers. Other wire sizes are available and many
area shall be not less than 25 %. manufacturers can produce them in 1-mm2(0.0015-in.2) increments.

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 A 82
TABLE 6 Dimensional Requirements for Plain Wire—Inch-pound for the performance of the inspection and test requirements
Units, Wire Sizes specified herein, unless disapproved by the purchaser at the
Size NumberA Nominal Diameter in. (mm) Nominal Area in.2(mm2) time of purchase. The purchaser shall have the right to perform
W 0.5 0.080 (2.03) 0.005 (3.23) any of the inspections and tests at the same frequency as set
W 1.2 0.124 (3.15) 0.012 (7.74) forth in this specification where such inspections are deemed
W 1.4 0.134 (3.40) 0.014 (9.08)
W2 0.160 (4.06) 0.020 (12.90) necessary to ensure that material conforms to prescribed
W 2.5 0.178 (4.52) 0.025 (16.13) requirements.
W 2.9 0.192 (4.88) 0.029 (18.70)
W 3.5 0.211 (5.36) 0.035 (22.58)
W4 0.226 (5.74) 0.040 (25.81) 12. Rejection
W 4.5 0.239 (6.07) 0.045 (29.03)
W5 0.252 (6.40) 0.050 (32.26)
12.1 Material that shows detrimental imperfections subse-
W 5.5 0.265 (6.73) 0.055 (35.48) quent to its acceptance at the manufacturer’s works will be
W6 0.276 (7.01) 0.060 (38.71) rejected, and the manufacturer shall be notified.
W8 0.319 (8.10) 0.080 (51.61)
W 10 0.357 (9.07) 0.100 (64.52) 12.2 Failure of any of the test specimens to comply with the
W 12 0.391 (9.93) 0.120 (77.42) requirements of this specification shall constitute grounds for
W 14 0.422 (10.72) 0.140 (90.32) rejection of the lot represented by the specimen. The lot may be
W 16 0.451 (11.46) 0.160 (103.25)
W 18 0.479 (12.17) 0.180 (116.13) resubmitted for inspection by testing every coil for the property
W 20 0.505 (12.83) 0.200 (129.03) in which the specimen failed and sorting out nonconforming
W 22 0.529 (13.44) 0.220 (141.90) coils.
W 24 0.533 (14.05) 0.240 (154.80)
W 26 0.575 (14.61) 0.260 (167.70) 12.3 Any rejection based on tests made in accordance with
W 28 0.597 (15.16) 0.280 (180.60) the specification shall be reported to the manufacturer within a
W 30 0.618 (15.70) 0.300 (193.50)
W 31 0.628 (15.95) 0.310 (200.00)
reasonable period of time. The material must be adequately
W 45 0.757 (19.23) 0.450 (290.32) protected and correctly identified in order that the producer
A
This table represents the most readily available sizes in the welded wire may make a proper investigation.
reinforcement industry in sizes using inch-pound units. Areas of wire should be
checked with the most efficient and readily available material from producers. 13. Rehearing
Other wire sizes are available and many manufacturers can produce them in
0.0015-in.2 increments. 13.1 Rejected materials shall be preserved for a period of at
least two weeks from the date of inspection, during which time
another specimen substituted. the manufacturer may make claim for a rehearing and retesting.

10. Number of Tests 14. Certification

10.1 One tension and one bend test shall be made from each 14.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, a
9070 kg (10 tons) or less of each size of wire or fraction thereof producer’s or supplier’s certification shall be furnished to the
in a lot, or a total of seven samples, whichever is less. A lot purchaser that the material was manufactured, sampled, tested,
shall consist of all the coils of a single size offered for delivery and inspected in accordance with this specification and has
at the same time. been found to meet the requirements. When specified in the
11. Inspection purchase order or contract, a report of the test results shall be
furnished. The certification shall include the specification
11.1 The inspector representing the purchaser shall have number, year-date of issue, and revision letter, if any.
free entry, at all times while work on the contract of the
purchaser is being performed, to all parts of the manufacturer’s 15. Packaging and Marking
works that concern the manufacture of the material ordered.
The manufacturer shall afford the inspector all reasonable 15.1 The size of the wire, ASTM specification, and name or
facilities to assure that the material is being furnished in mark of the manufacturer shall be marked on a tag securely
accordance with this specification. attached to each coil of wire.
11.2 Except for yield strength, all tests and inspection shall 15.2 Unless otherwise specified, packaging, marking, and
be made at the place of manufacture prior to shipment, unless loading for shipment shall be in accordance with Practices
otherwise specified. Such tests shall be so conducted as not to A 700.
interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the works. 15.3 When specified in the contract or order, and for direct
11.3 If the purchaser considers it desirable to determine procurement by or direct shipment to the U.S. government,
compliance with the yield strength requirements in 5.1, yield when Level A is specified, preservation, packaging, and pack-
strength tests may be made in a recognized laboratory, or their ing shall be in accordance with the Level A requirement of
representative may make the test at the mill if such tests do not MIL-STD-163.
interfere unnecessarily with the mill operations. 15.4 When specified in the contract or order, and for the
11.4 For U. S. Government Procurement Only—Except as direct procurement by or direct shipment to the U.S. govern-
otherwise specified in the contract, the contractor is responsible ment, marking for shipment, in addition to requirements
for the performance of all inspection and test requirements specified in the contract or order, shall be in accordance with
specified herein. Except as otherwise specified in the contract, MIL-STD-129 for military agencies and in accordance with
the contractor may use his own or any other suitable facilities Fed. Std. No. 123 for civil agencies.

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 A 82
16. Keywords
16.1 concrete reinforcement; reinforced concrete; reinforc-
ing steels; steel wire

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

S1. High-Strength Wire NOTE S2—To conform to the limit on yield strength in building codes,
the minimum yield strength specified in the purchase order should not be
S1.1 Scope: greater than 550 MPa (80 000 psi).
S1.1.1 This supplement delineates only those details that are
relative to high-strength wire and to the mechanical require- S1.2.2 Minimum tensile strength shall be 70 MPa (10 000
ments for wire having properties generally as described in this psi) greater than the specified minimum yield strength.
specification. NOTE S3—A typical order entry line for minimum yield strength is:
“72 500 psi minimum yield strength” or “500 MPa minimum yield
NOTE S1—Building codes, for example, ACI 318, permit the use of strength.”
reinforcement with a yield strength up to 550 MPa (80 000 psi). For
compatibility with the codes’ design provisions for high-strength rein- S1.2.3 The minimum reduction of area shall be 30 %. For
forcement, this supplement prescribes requirements for the mechanical material testing over 690 MPa (100 000 psi) tensile strength,
properties of wire that exceed the minimum values for yield strength and the reduction of area shall not be less than 25 %.
tensile strength in Table 1 and Table 2 of this specification. S1.3 Certification:
S1.2 Mechanical Property Requirements: S1.3.1 Certification for material produced to this supple-
S1.2.1 Minimum yield strength shall be specified in the ment shall include a report of the test results for yield strength,
purchase order in increments of 17.5 MPa (2500 psi). When tensile strength, reduction of area, and bend tests. Frequency of
tested, the yield strength shall be determined at an extension testing shall conform to Section 10 of this specification or
under load of 0.0035 mm/mm (0.0035 in./in.). Section 12 of Specification A 185 as applicable.

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patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

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