ART ● encloses volume
● expression or application of creative skill or ● has length, width, and height
imagination ● kinds: g
eometric and organic
AESTHETIC
● concerned with beauty or the appreciation of 4. TEXTURE
beauty ● in 3d form: feeling when being touched
● principles that guide the work of an artist or ● in 2d form: visual feeling of a piece
movement ● tactile quality
● aesthetic judgement: appreciation for any ● categories:
object ○ method: actual or implied
● artistic judgement: appreciation or criticism ○ function: identity and orientation
for a work of art ○ character: rough or smooth, etc.
5. SPACE
● distance or area around and between
ELEMENTS OF ART components
● the building blocks of art ● illusion of perspectives
● enables us to: describe and analyze an ● kinds:
artwork; communicate thoughts ○ negative: empty space
○ positive: subject
S - C - F - T - S - L - V
SAM COULDN'T FIND THE SMALL LILY VASE 6. LINE
● a moving point that defines and depicts
1. SHAPE shapes
● enclosed space; 2d ● not present in nature
● has length and width ● qualities: DRAWS
● used to breakdown a subject as a guide ○ direction
● kinds: ○ rhythm
○ geometric (common shapes) ○ angularity
○ organic / biomorphic (freeform) ○ weight
○ *modified (of common shapes) ○ style
2. COLOR 7. VALUE
● hue: color ● lightness and darkness
● intensity: saturation; vividness
● value: lightness / darkness
3. FORM
● 3d object in space
PRINCIPLES OF ART 8. PROPORTION
● how the elements of art are utilized ● relationship of one thing to another
● helps convey intent or a message
● determines if a piece is successful or finished 9. SCALE
● size of object compared to its
B-CEM-PR(UV)-PS surroundings
1. BALANCE
● visual weight
● kinds: TYPES OF ART
○ symmetry: mirror-image 1. FINE ARTS
○ asymmetry: balance through contrast ● visual art created to be aesthetically
○ radial symmetry: elements are equally pleasing and intellectually stimulating
spaced around a central point ● requires great amount of skill and
technique
2. CONTRAST
● difference between elements made a. drawing
stronger in relation to each other ● picture or diagram made with lines and
marks; linear realization of things
3. EMPHASIS ● basic foundation of other art forms
● area that is visually dominant ● emphasis on form or shape
● instantly captures the viewer's attention ● categories: casual, preparatory and
finished
4. MOVEMENT
● moves the viewers around the piece b. painting
● process of art using paint
5. PATTERN ● emphasis on mass and color
● uniform repetition and combination of ● types: EF-TOW-GA
elements ○ encaustic (hot beeswax + pigment)
● consistency ○ fresco (water + pigment)
○ tempera (water + yolk + pigment)
6. RHYTHM ○ oils (binder + drying agent)
● implied movement through repetition of ○ watercolor (water soluble pigment)
elements ○ gouache (water + gum arabic)
● non-uniform but organized; variety ○ acrylic (watercolor + oil)
● techniques:
7. UNITY & VARIETY ○ sgraffito - scratching through a
● harmony; areas of interest and rest still-wet paint to reveal what's
● too much unity = monotomy underneath
● too much variety = chaos
○ sfumato - to soften the transition 2. CONTEMPORARY ARTS
between colors ● art produced within the 20th - 21st century
○ impasto - paint is applied in very thick a. assemblage (3d) / collage (2d)
layers ● an assortment of different objects
● forms: MPES together
○ mural p (on walls / caves / temples) b. installation
○ panel p (on flat wood panels) ● temporary configuration of objects in a
○ easel p (on canvas) space or room
○ scroll p (on diff lengths of paper) ● usually requires interaction from the
audience
c. printmaking c. digital
● production of images by varying methods ● artistic work using digital technology
of replication d. photography
● matrix - single original plate ● art of taking and processing photographs
● techniques: R
ILPS e. film / animation
○ relief printing (background / negative ● a motion picture with a succession of still
space is cut down) images
○ intaglio printing (outline of object is ● relies on a script / story / plot
engraved onto metal) f. video games
○ lithograph (uses oil) ● game played by electronically
○ planographic (uses entire matrix manipulating images
surface)
○ stencils (design cut-out) 3. DECORATIVE ARTS
● functional objects that are aesthetically
d. sculpture pleasing
● making 2d or 3d forms using shaping
techniques 4. PERFORMING ARTS
● greatest form of art ● activity performed in front of an audience
● forms: sculpture in the round & relief
5. APPLIED ARTS
e. literature ● applying design and aesthetic to everyday
● artistically written works objects
● kinds: ● architecture, interior design, graphic or
○ poetry product design, body art
○ drama (script for theater / film)
○ prose (poetry without metrical
structure)
○ nonfiction
○ media (contemporary content)
ART HISTORY RENAISSANCE ART
1. 15TH CENTURY ITALIAN ART
MEDIEVAL ART ● rebirth of classical culture
1. CHRISTIAN ART ● golden age of florence
● categories: ● the medici - powerful family that funded
○ period of prosecution (catacombs, the arts
portable art)
○ period of recognition (churches, 2. HIGH RENAISSANCE ART
mosaics, book-making) ● rise of the masters (da vinci, michelangelo,
● sculptures demoted to reliefs raphael, donatello)
2. BYZANTINE ART 3. MANNERISM ART
● paintings and mosaics that are abstract ● artists did not seek their own style
and symbolic ● artifice over nature
● less concerned with depth and gravity
4. BAROQUE ART
3. ISLAMIC ART ● splendor and flourish for God
● grand decorative mosaics and architecture ● art as a weapon for religious wars
● maze-like designs
5. ROCOCO ART
4. CAROLINGIAN PERIOD ● heavily embellished baroque art
● art produced by and for monasteries
● cultural revival more durable than the 6. NEOCLASSICISM
empire ● faithful copy of the classics + new
● manuscripts and goldsmithing elements
5. OTTONIAN PERIOD 7. ROMANTICISM
● byzantine influences ● focused on imagination and individuality
● ivory carving ● emotions, feelings, moods
6. ROMANESQUE ART 8. REALISM
● cathedrals ● rooted from experience
● sculpture part of architecture ● involvement in social causes
● painting in illuminated manuscripts ● en plein air
7. GOTHIC ART 9. IMPRESSIONISM
● soaring cathedrals and stained glass ● pure emphasis on fleeting moments, light,
● start of artistic renovations and color
● moved away from form
● art without a center
MODERN ART ● reworking and mixing past styles
1. POST-IMPRESSIONISM CULTURAL AND GLOBAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ART
● soft revolt against impressionism
● kept emphasis on light and color CHINESE ART
● brought back form and other elements ● heavily influences from Confucianism, Daoism,
and Buddhism
2. FAUVISM AND EXPRESSIONISM
● fauves - w
ild beasts EARLY ART
● wild harsh colors, primitive objects, flat ● early pottery with pictorial decorations (fish
surfaces and human faces)
● lots of emotion ● jade: tools & knives, pendants & plates (with
birds, turtles, fish)
3. CUBISM ● liangzhu jade: w
hite, milk-bone jade
● geometric shapes ● bronze casting: ritual vessels, weapons, chariot
fittings
4. FUTURISM ○ motifs: real and imaginary animals; taotie
● embraced machinery and the industrial (symmetrical zoomorphic mask
age symbolizing greed and sensuality)
5. DADAISM EARLY IMPERIAL CHINA
● anti-art 1. QIN DYNASTY
● the terracotta army
6. SURREALISM ● great wall of china
● uncovering the hidden meaning of 2. HAN DYNASTY
dreams ● porcelain pottery
● expressing the subconscious ● TLV mirror (bronze mirror decorated with
dragons, winged monsters, clouds)
7. ART DECO ● paper art
● imitation of others styles like art nouveau ● landscape art on door panels
3. PERIOD OF DIVISION
8. ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM ● painting and calligraphy (highest and
● self-expression and raw emotion purest form of painting)
● no form 4. SUI AND TANG DYNASTY
● golden age of chinese poetry
9. POP ART AND OP ART ● shanshui: landscape painting
● glorified american culture ○ capturing the "rhythm" of nature
● fun and psychedelic art 5. SONG AND YUAN DYNASTY
● song painting
10. 1970s - PRESENT
○ depth conveyed through blurred ● e-maki: horizontal illustrated narrative
outlines handscroll
○ spiritual qualities ("harmony of man ○ otoko-e: men; historical events and battles
and nature") ○ onna-e: women; court ladies and romance
● yuan painting ● rimpa / rinpa painting: richly embellished
○ rejected refined and gentle brushwork depictions of birds, plants, and flowers on a
gold leaf
LATE IMPERIAL CHINA ● tarashikomi: dropping one color onto another
1. MING DYNASTY while it's still wet
● colorful narrative paintings with busier ● ukiyo-e: genre of woodblock prints
compositions ● noh: c
lassical musical drama
2. QING DYNASTY ● kabuki: "the art of singing and dancing"; more
● expressive paintings over the loss of the about skill than literature
ming dynasty
● orthodox school: dedicated to preserving
chinese culture FILIPINO ART
● kalinga pottery:
○ ittoyom (for rice cooking)
INDIAN ART ○ oppaya (for vegetable / meat cooking)
● ajanta caves: Buddhist monuments with ○ immoso (for water storage)
paintings ● manuggul jar: burial jar; has two figures on
● mughal empire: the handle that represents the journey to the
○ miniaturist paintings usually for afterlife
manuscripts ● lingling-o: omega-shaped pendant or amulet
○ taj mahal: tomb for the emperor's wife ● bahay kubo: n
ipa hut
● rajput painting: miniature court-style ● bahay na bato
painting ● banaue rice terraces: carved terraces run by
● mysore painting: about Hindu gods or an ancient irrigation system
goddesses; muted and subtle colors ● pintados: tattooed people
● tanjore painting: mysore painting but with ● suyat: philippine indigenous script
more colors ○ buhid, hanunoo, apurahuano, palaw'an
● bengal school of art: avant garde movement ● bulul: wooden figure used to guard rice crops
● rangoli: sandpainting made during Hindu ● sarimanok: l egendary colorful chicken
festivals for good luck ● buraq: white half-mule, half-donkey animal
● butuan ivory seal: only found letter sealing tool
JAPANESE ART
● dotaku: copper / bronze bells used for harvest
rituals
● asuka-dera: f irst buddhist monastery
HOW TO CRITIQUE ART
1. DESCRIBE
● look at the obvious
● describe the artwork; general info
● name of the artwork, artist
● art medium
2. ANALYZE
● describe the artwork's subject matter,
color, and style
● color palette
● art style
3. INTERPRET
● what does it mean?
● how does it relate to you?
4. JUDGE
● go beyond the generic or basic phrases
● ask if the work is successful
● did it convey the intended message?
● do the elements successfully represent an
art style?
