Quantum ESPRESSO

Input and Output description

Where can I find useful information about Quantum ESPRESSO ?
Where can I find useful information about Quantum ESPRESSO ?

prompt > cd $espresso_dir/Doc; ls *.html

INPUT_DOS.html INPUT_PP.html INPUT_PW.html

INPUT_BANDS.html INPUT_GIPAW.html INPUT_PROJWFC.html
INPUT_CPPP.html INPUT_LD1.html INPUT_PWCOND.html
INPUT_D3.html INPUT_PH.html INPUT_pw_export.html

In particular INPUT PW.html contains a rather complete description of

the input of PWscf.

Similarly INPUT PP.html, INPUT PH.html,... contain descriptions of

post processing, phonon...

We will examine to some extent the input of PWscf

The input file for PWscf is structured in a number of NAMELISTS and
INPUT CARDS.

&NAMELIST1 ... /

&NAMELIST2 ... /

&NAMELIST3 ... /

INPUT_CARD1
....
....
INPUT_CARD2
....
....
NAMELISTS are a standard input construct in fortran90.

The use of NAMELISTS allows to specify the value of an input variable

only when it is needed and to define default values for most variables
that then need not be specified. Variable can be inserted in any order.

&NAMELIST
needed_variable2=XX, needed_variable1=X,
character_variable1=’a suitable string’
/

NAMELISTS are read in a specific order

NAMELISTS that are not required are ignored

INPUT CARDS are specific of QuantumESPRESSO codes and are used
to provide input data that are always needed and would be boring
to specify with the variable name=variable value syntax used by
NAMELIST.

INPUT CARDS require data in specific order (which may depend on

the situation and on the value of a card format specifier )

For instance:

INPUT_CARD card_format_specifier
data(1,1) data(1,2) data(1,3) ...
data(2,1) data(2,2) data(2,3) ...
data(3,1) data(3,2) data(3,3) ...
... ... ...

Logically independent INPUT CARDS can be given in any order

There are three mandatory NAMELISTS in PWscf:
There are three mandatory NAMELISTS in PWscf:

&CONTROL input variables that control the flux of the

calculation and the amount of I/O on disk and
on the screen.
There are three mandatory NAMELISTS in PWscf:

&CONTROL input variables that control the flux of the

calculation and the amount of I/O on disk and
on the screen.

&SYSTEM input variables that specify the system under

study.
There are three mandatory NAMELISTS in PWscf:

&CONTROL input variables that control the flux of the

calculation and the amount of I/O on disk and
on the screen.

&SYSTEM input variables that specify the system under

study.

&ELECTRONS input variables that control the algorithms

used to reach the self-consistent solution of
KS equations for the electrons.
There are three additional NAMELISTS in PWscf that must be specified
under certain circumstances:
There are three additional NAMELISTS in PWscf that must be specified
under certain circumstances:

&IONS needed when ATOMS MOVE! IGNORED otherwise !

input variables that control ionic motion in
molecular dynamics run or structural relaxation
There are three additional NAMELISTS in PWscf that must be specified
under certain circumstances:

&IONS needed when ATOMS MOVE! IGNORED otherwise !

input variables that control ionic motion in
molecular dynamics run or structural relaxation

&CELL needed when CELL MOVES! IGNORED otherwise !

input variables that control the cell-shape
evolution in a variable-cell-shape MD or
structural relaxation
There are three additional NAMELISTS in PWscf that must be specified
under certain circumstances:

&IONS needed when ATOMS MOVE! IGNORED otherwise !

input variables that control ionic motion in
molecular dynamics run or structural relaxation

&CELL needed when CELL MOVES! IGNORED otherwise !

input variables that control the cell-shape
evolution in a variable-cell-shape MD or
structural relaxation

&EE needed when density counter charge corrections

are used to solve the problem with open boundary
conditions
There are three mandatory INPUT CARDS in PWscf
There are three mandatory INPUT CARDS in PWscf

ATOMIC_SPECIES name, mass and pseudopotential used for

each atomic species present in the system
There are three mandatory INPUT CARDS in PWscf

ATOMIC_SPECIES name, mass and pseudopotential used for

each atomic species present in the system

ATOMIC_POSITIONS type and coordinates of each atom in the

unit cell
There are three mandatory INPUT CARDS in PWscf

ATOMIC_SPECIES name, mass and pseudopotential used for

each atomic species present in the system

ATOMIC_POSITIONS type and coordinates of each atom in the

unit cell

K_POINTS coordinates and weights of the k-points

used for BZ integration
There are additional INPUT CARDS in PWscf that must be specified
only under certain circumstances.

They are
There are additional INPUT CARDS in PWscf that must be specified
only under certain circumstances.

They are

CELL_PARAMETERS
There are additional INPUT CARDS in PWscf that must be specified
only under certain circumstances.

They are

CELL_PARAMETERS

OCCUPATIONS
There are additional INPUT CARDS in PWscf that must be specified
only under certain circumstances.

They are

CELL_PARAMETERS

OCCUPATIONS

CLIMBING_IMAGES (only for NEB calculations)

CONSTRAINTS (only for constrained dynamics)
COLLECTIVE_VARS (only for metadynamics)
 The &CONTROL namelist

&CONTROL input variables that control the flux of the

calculation and the amount of I/O on disk and
on the screen.

FLUX : calculation
I/O : title, verbosity, iprint, outdir, prefix,
pseudo_dir, tprnfor, tstress, disk_io,
wf_collect
RESTART : restart_mode, max_seconds
MISC : dt, nstep, etot_conv_thr, forc_conv_thr,
tefield, dipfield, lelfield, lberry
 The &CONTROL namelist (FLUX)

calculation CHARACTER (default = ’scf’)

a string describing the task to be performed:
’scf’, ’bands’, ’nscf’, ’relax’, ’md’,
’vc-relax’, ’vc-md’, ’neb’
(vc=variable-cell; ’phonon’ is no longer used)
 Input structure for a SCF run
&CONTROL ... / &CONTROL ... /
&SYSTEM ... / &SYSTEM ibrav=0 ... /
&ELECTRONS ... / &ELECTRONS ... /
ATOMIC_SPECIES CELL_PARAMETERS
ATOMIC_POSITIONS ATOMIC_SPECIES
K_POINTS ATOMIC_POSITIONS
K_POINTS

&CONTROL ... /
&SYSTEM ... /
&ELECTRONS occupations=’fixed’ ... /
OCCUPATIONS
ATOMIC_SPECIES
ATOMIC_POSITIONS
K_POINTS
 Input structure for a RELAX / MD run
&CONTROL calculation=’relax’ ... /
&SYSTEM ... /
&ELECTRONS ... /
&IONS ... /
ATOMIC_SPECIES
ATOMIC_POSITIONS
K_POINTS

&CONTROL calculation=’vc-relax’ ... /

&SYSTEM ... /
&ELECTRONS ... /
&IONS ... /
&CELL ... /
ATOMIC_SPECIES
ATOMIC_POSITIONS
K_POINTS
 An example
&control
pseudo_dir = ’./’,
outdir=’./tmp/’,
prefix=’be0001’
tprnfor = .true.
/
&system
ibrav=4, celldm(1)=4.247, celldm(3)=16.0, nat=12, ntyp=1, nbnd=20,
occupations=’smearing’, smearing=’marzari-vanderbilt’, degauss=0.05
ecutwfc=22.0
/
&electrons
/
ATOMIC_SPECIES
Be 1.0 Be.vbc2
ATOMIC_POSITIONS alat
Be 0.000000000 -0.288675135 4.359667099
Be 0.000000000 0.288675135 3.548485449
Be 0.000000000 -0.288675135 2.754655986
Be 0.000000000 0.288675135 1.965554700
Be 0.000000000 0.288675135 1.965554700
Be 0.000000000 -0.288675135 1.178901500
Be 0.000000000 0.288675135 0.392919700
Be 0.000000000 -0.288675135 -0.392919700
Be 0.000000000 0.288675135 -1.178901500
Be 0.000000000 -0.288675135 -1.965554700
Be 0.000000000 0.288675135 -2.754655986
Be 0.000000000 -0.288675135 -3.548485449
Be 0.000000000 0.288675135 -4.359667099
K_POINTS automatic
15 15 1 0 0 0

Start code as (for instance):

prompt> $espresso_dir/bin/pw.x < pw.in > pw.out

Alternative syntax (useful on some parallel machines):

prompt> $espresso_dir/bin/pw.x -inp pw.in > pw.out
 The output

Program PWSCF v.4.1 starts on 20Sep2009 at 16:19:46

This program is part of the open-source Quantum ESPRESSO suite

for quantum simulation of materials; please acknowledge
"P. Giannozzi et al., J. Phys.:Condens. Matter 21 395502 (2009);
URL http://www.quantum-espresso.org",
in publications or presentations arising from this work. More details:
http://www.quantum-espresso.org/wiki/index.php/Citing_Quantum-ESPRESSO

Current dimensions of program PWSCF are:

Max number of different atomic species (ntypx) = 10
Max number of k-points (npk) = 40000
Max angular momentum in pseudopotentials (lmaxx) = 3
Waiting for input...
bravais-lattice index = 4
lattice parameter (a_0) = 4.2470 a.u.
unit-cell volume = 1061.4448 (a.u.)^3
number of atoms/cell = 12
number of atomic types = 1
number of electrons = 24.00
number of Kohn-Sham states= 20
kinetic-energy cutoff = 22.0000 Ry
charge density cutoff = 88.0000 Ry
convergence threshold = 1.0E-06
g beta = 0.7000
number of iterations used = 8 plain mixing
Exchange-correlation = PZ (1100)

celldm(1)= 4.247000 celldm(2)= 0.000000 celldm(3)= 16.000000

celldm(4)= 0.000000 celldm(5)= 0.000000 celldm(6)= 0.000000

crystal axes: (cart. coord. in units of a_0)

a(1) = ( 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 )
a(2) = ( -0.500000 0.866025 0.000000 )
a(3) = ( 0.000000 0.000000 16.000000 )
reciprocal axes: (cart. coord. in units 2 pi/a_0)
b(1) = ( 1.000000 0.577350 -0.000000 )
b(2) = ( 0.000000 1.154701 0.000000 )
b(3) = ( 0.000000 -0.000000 0.062500 )

PseudoPot. # 1 for Be read from file Be.vbc2

Pseudo is Norm-conserving + core correction, Zval = 2.0
From published tables, or generated by old code (analytical format)
Using radial grid of 153 points, 1 beta functions with:
l(1) = 0

atomic species valence mass pseudopotential

Be 2.00 1.00000 Be( 1.00)

12 Sym.Ops. (with inversion)

Cartesian axes

site n. atom positions (a_0 units)

1 Be tau( 1) = ( 0.0000000 -0.2886751 4.3596671 )
2 Be tau( 2) = ( 0.0000000 0.2886751 3.5484854 )
3 Be tau( 3) = ( 0.0000000 -0.2886751 2.7546560 )
4 Be tau( 4) = ( 0.0000000 0.2886751 1.9655547 )
5 Be tau( 5) = ( 0.0000000 -0.2886751 1.1789015 )
6 Be tau( 6) = ( 0.0000000 0.2886751 0.3929197 )
7 Be tau( 7) = ( 0.0000000 -0.2886751 -0.3929197 )
8 Be tau( 8) = ( 0.0000000 0.2886751 -1.1789015 )
9 Be tau( 9) = ( 0.0000000 -0.2886751 -1.9655547 )
10 Be tau( 10) = ( 0.0000000 0.2886751 -2.7546560 )
11 Be tau( 11) = ( 0.0000000 -0.2886751 -3.5484854 )
12 Be tau( 12) = ( 0.0000000 0.2886751 -4.3596671 )
number of k points= 27 gaussian broad. (Ry)= 0.0500 ngauss =
cart. coord. in units 2pi/a_0
k( 1) = ( 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000), wk = 0.0088889
k( 2) = ( 0.0000000 0.0769800 0.0000000), wk = 0.0533333
k( 3) = ( 0.0000000 0.1539601 0.0000000), wk = 0.0533333
k( 4) = ( 0.0000000 0.2309401 0.0000000), wk = 0.0533333
k( 5) = ( 0.0000000 0.3079201 0.0000000), wk = 0.0533333
k( 6) = ( 0.0000000 0.3849002 0.0000000), wk = 0.0533333
k( 7) = ( 0.0000000 0.4618802 0.0000000), wk = 0.0533333
k( 8) = ( 0.0000000 0.5388603 0.0000000), wk = 0.0533333
k( 9) = ( 0.0666667 0.1154701 0.0000000), wk = 0.0533333
k( 10) = ( 0.0666667 0.1924501 0.0000000), wk = 0.1066667
k( 11) = ( 0.0666667 0.2694301 0.0000000), wk = 0.1066667
k( 12) = ( 0.0666667 0.3464102 0.0000000), wk = 0.1066667
k( 13) = ( 0.0666667 0.4233902 0.0000000), wk = 0.1066667
k( 14) = ( 0.0666667 0.5003702 0.0000000), wk = 0.1066667
k( 15) = ( 0.0666667 0.5773503 0.0000000), wk = 0.0533333
k( 16) = ( 0.1333333 0.2309401 0.0000000), wk = 0.0533333
k( 17) = ( 0.1333333 0.3079201 0.0000000), wk = 0.1066667
k( 18) = ( 0.1333333 0.3849002 0.0000000), wk = 0.1066667
... .... ... ....
G cutoff = 40.2057 ( 14795 G-vectors) FFT grid: ( 16, 16,216)

Largest allocated arrays est. size (Mb) dimensions

Kohn-Sham Wavefunctions 0.58 Mb ( 1899, 20)
NL pseudopotentials 0.35 Mb ( 1899, 12)
Each V/rho on FFT grid 0.84 Mb ( 55296)
Each G-vector array 0.11 Mb ( 14795)
G-vector shells 0.01 Mb ( 943)
Largest temporary arrays est. size (Mb) dimensions
Auxiliary wavefunctions 2.32 Mb ( 1899, 80)
Each subspace H/S matrix 0.10 Mb ( 80, 80)
Each <psi_i|beta_j> matrix 0.00 Mb ( 12, 20)
Arrays for rho mixing 6.75 Mb ( 55296, 8)

Check: negative/imaginary core charge= -0.000003 0.000000

Initial potential from superposition of free atoms

Check: negative starting charge= -0.001695

starting charge 23.99904, renormalised to 24.00000

negative rho (up, down): 0.169E-02 0.000E+00
Starting wfc are 12 atomic + 8 random wfc

total cpu time spent up to now is 4.56 secs

Self-consistent Calculation

iteration # 1 ecut= 22.00 Ry beta=0.70

Davidson diagonalization with overlap
ethr = 1.00E-02, avg # of iterations = 7.9

negative rho (up, down): 0.465E-03 0.000E+00

total cpu time spent up to now is 36.93 secs

total energy = -29.25526792 Ry

Harris-Foulkes estimate = -29.58353697 Ry
estimated scf accuracy < 0.39433819 Ry

... ... ... ...

iteration # 14 ecut= 22.00 Ry beta=0.70
Davidson diagonalization with overlap
ethr = 6.75E-09, avg # of iterations = 3.0

total cpu time spent up to now is 243.76 secs

End of self-consistent calculation

k = 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 ( 1883 PWs) bands (ev):

8.7542 -8.4238 -8.0330 -7.5817 -7.0563 -6.4469 -5.7471 -4.9601

4.1001 -3.2132 -2.4661 -0.2226 -0.1978 4.3114 5.4068 6.5157
7.1528 7.7886 7.8789 9.1487

.... .... .... ....

k = 0.3333 0.5774 0.0000 ( 1899 PWs) bands (ev):

0.0424 0.4457 0.9310 1.2241 1.2241 1.3392 1.3392 1.4432

1.4432 1.4989 1.6419 1.6419 2.0181 2.0181 2.1641 2.9349
3.3634 3.3634 3.8134 4.7957
the Fermi energy is 2.4382 ev

! total energy = -29.53449845 Ry

Harris-Foulkes estimate = -29.53449871 Ry
estimated scf accuracy < 0.00000030 Ry

The total energy is the sum of the following terms:

one-electron contribution = -847.54068683 Ry

hartree contribution = 431.26799021 Ry
xc contribution = -16.79608807 Ry
ewald contribution = 403.53336936 Ry
smearing contrib. (-TS) = 0.00091689 Ry

convergence has been achieved in 14 iterations

Forces acting on atoms (Ry/au):

atom 1 type 1 force = 0.00000000 0.00000000 -0.00030967

atom 2 type 1 force = 0.00000000 0.00000000 -0.00017252
atom 3 type 1 force = 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00106407
atom 4 type 1 force = 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00055948
atom 5 type 1 force = 0.00000000 -0.00000000 0.00032532
atom 6 type 1 force = 0.00000000 -0.00000000 -0.00011570
atom 7 type 1 force = 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00011570
atom 8 type 1 force = 0.00000000 0.00000000 -0.00032532
atom 9 type 1 force = 0.00000000 -0.00000000 -0.00055948
atom 10 type 1 force = 0.00000000 -0.00000000 -0.00106407
atom 11 type 1 force = 0.00000000 -0.00000000 0.00017252
atom 12 type 1 force = 0.00000000 -0.00000000 0.00030967

Total force = 0.001839 Total SCF correction = 0.000950

Writing output data file be0001.save

PWSCF : 4m 4.55s CPU time, 4m20.75s wall time

init_run : 4.55s CPU

electrons : 239.20s CPU
forces : 0.60s CPU

Called by init_run:
wfcinit : 4.39s CPU
potinit : 0.05s CPU

Called by electrons:
c_bands : 210.23s CPU ( 14 calls, 15.016 s avg)
sum_band : 28.02s CPU ( 14 calls, 2.002 s avg)
v_of_rho : 0.40s CPU ( 15 calls, 0.027 s avg)
mix_rho : 0.20s CPU ( 14 calls, 0.014 s avg)

Called by c_bands:
init_us_2 : 0.83s CPU ( 810 calls, 0.001 s avg)
cegterg : 209.68s CPU ( 378 calls, 0.555 s avg)
Called by *egterg:
h_psi : 163.66s CPU ( 1688 calls, 0.097 s avg)
g_psi : 1.69s CPU ( 1283 calls, 0.001 s avg)
cdiaghg : 7.81s CPU ( 1661 calls, 0.005 s avg)

Called by h_psi:
add_vuspsi : 3.04s CPU ( 1688 calls, 0.002 s avg)

General routines
calbec : 3.76s CPU ( 1715 calls, 0.002 s avg)
cft3 : 0.19s CPU ( 49 calls, 0.004 s avg)
cft3s : 169.46s CPU ( 53864 calls, 0.003 s avg)
davcio : 0.03s CPU ( 1188 calls, 0.000 s avg)
prompt> grep -e ’total energy’ -e ’ scf ’ pw.out | \
awk ’/l e/{e=$(NF-1)}/ scf /{print e, $(NF-1)}’

-29.25526792 0.39433819
-18.34331063 667.85650410
-28.76713788 26.02680590
-29.51328737 0.34710555
-29.53372054 0.09027705
-29.54098991 0.10848232
-29.54224824 0.02339560
-29.54094557 0.02753465
-29.53957917 0.02582753
-29.53811930 0.02456945
-29.53351841 0.02000542
-29.53446102 0.00068346
-29.53449785 0.00000162
-29.53449845 0.00000030
prompt> grep -e ’total energy’ -e ’ scf ’ pw.out | \
awk ’/l e/{e=$(NF-1)}/ scf /{print e, $(NF-1)}’ > SCF
3
"SCF" u (log10($1+29.5334948))
"SCF" u (log10($2))
2 -6

-1

-2

-3

-4

-5

-6

-7
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Where can I find some useful information about PWscf ?

prompt > ls $espresso_dir/Doc/

In particular INPUT PW.html contains a rather complete description of the input of

PWscf.
Similarly INPUT PP.html, INPUT PH.html,... contain descriptions of post processing,
phonon...

prompt > ls $espresso_dir/examples/

This directory contains a number of example scripts that illustrate (some) of the
features implemented in PWscf and related codes.

There is a GUI for PWscf and the other codes in the package.
It can be used in order to have on-line help and to prepare well-formed input files.

When everything else fail read the manual at: Doc/user guide.pdf
or online at http//www.quantum-espresso.org/wiki
THE END