s S.A.

E Infrastructure & Cities Sector – Smart Grid Division

SIPROTEC

Introduction

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Infrastructure & Cities Sector – Smart Grid Division
The 7UT6 Family

SIPROTEC 4
7UT6 differential protection relay for transformers,
generators, motors and busbars

7UT612: for two end protection objects (1/3 x 19’’ housing 7XP20)
7UT613: for three end protection objects (1/2 x 19’’ housing 7XP20)
7UT633: for three end protection objects (1/1 x 19’’ housing 7XP20)
7UT635: for five end protection objects (1/1 x 19’’ housing 7XP20)
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Hardware options

Device 7UT612 7UT613 7UT633 7UT635

Current Inputs (normal) 7 (7)* 11 (6)* 11 (6)* 14 (12)*

Current Inputs (sensitive) 1 1** 1** 2**
Voltage Inputs (Uph / UE) --- 3/1 3/1 ---
Binary Inputs 3 5 21 29
Binary Outputs 4 8 24 24
Life contact 1 1 1 1
LC Display 4 lines 4 lines Graphic Graphic

* 1A, 5A, (1A, 5A) changeable (jumper position)

** changeable normal or sensitive (jumper position)

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Scope of functions and Protection objects

Function ANSI No. Protection Objects

Differential 87T/G/M/L Three-phase transformer

Restricted Earth fault 87 N Single-phase transformer
Overcurrent-time, phases 50/51 Auto-transformer
Overcurrent-time, 3I0 50N/51N Generator / Motor
Overcurrent-time, earth 50G/51G Busbar, 3-phase (Branch point)
Overcurrent-time, single phase Busbar, 1-phase
Negative sequence 46
Overload 49
Overexcitation V/Hz 24
Breaker failure 50BF
External temperature monitoring 38
Lockout 86
Measured value supervision
Trip circuit supervision 74TC
Direct coupling
Operational measured values

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General Applications (1 of 2)

Two winding transformer Three winding transformer 1 ½ C.B. application with

1 or 3 phases 1 or 3 phases two winding transformer

7UT613
7UT633

7UT612 7UT613
7UM62 7UT633

1 ½ C.B. application on
Short lines Short lines HV and LV side with
(2 ends) (3 ends) two winding transformer

7UT635

7UT612 7UT613
7UT633

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General Applications (2 of 2)

Generator/Motor longitudinal or High-impedance Restricted

transversal differential protection Earth Fault Protection
G/M
3~

7UT6xx
7UT612
7UM62

IEE input
of the unit

Unit Protection
(Overall Differential) Low-impedance Restricted
Earth Fault Protection
IA
Y
IB A
7UT635
IC B

C
7UT6 3I0“ = IA + IB + IC
87N T 51
G
3~ 3I0‘ = ISP
51N

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 Connection Example
M3
L1
direct connection to the
side 3 L2
main Ct’s
L3

side 2 side 1 M1
no matching transformers /
M2
L1 L1 no matching connections
L2 L2
L3 L3 numerical vector group
adaptation without zero
sequence current correction
depending of the type of
earthing of the winding.

1A/5A main Ct’s adaptation

in the relay

permissible ratio Ct nominal

IL1M2 IX1 IX3 current to transformer nominal
IL1M1
current up to 1 : 2.5
IL2M2 IL2M1

IL3M2 IL3M1

IL1M3
Surface
mounting
housing
IL2M3
Flush/
cubicle-
mounting IL3M3
housing
7UT613

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Commissioning and operating aids (4 of 4)

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SIPROTEC

Basics of Differential
Protection

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Infrastructure & Cities Sector – Smart Grid Division
Basic principles : Kirchhoff’s knot rule

Basics of Differential Protection

I1
I2
I4
I3

I1 + I2 + I3 + I4 = 0 I=0

Definition:
Currents, which flow into the knot (protected object), are counted positive.
Currents, which flow out of the knot (protected object), are counted negative.

Protection objects:
Line, Transformer, Generator/Motor, Bus bar

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Infrastructure & Cities Sector – Smart Grid Division
Basic principles: current comparison

IP1 IP2 IP1 IP2

I1F I2F IF
Protected Protected
object object
IS1 IS2 IS1 IS2
IS1 IS2
I IDiff = I1 + I 2 I IDiff = I1 + I 2

internal fault external fault or load

Assumption: CT- ratio: 1/1 Assumption: CT- ratio: 1/1

IP1 = I1F IP1 = IF
IP2 = I2F IP2 = -IF
IDiff = IP1 + IP2 = I1F + I2F IDiff = IP1 + IP2 = IF - IF = 0
Trip no Trip

Requirements for Differential Protection:

1) Internal faults ( faults between CT-sets ) Trip
2) External faults no Trip
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Basic principles : restrained current comparison (1/2)

Example: external fault with linear CT-errors

Ct 1: Ct 2:
IP1 1= - 5%
IP2 = -IP1
2 = +5% IF
Protected
object

IS1= IS2=
0.95·IP1 IDiff = 0.1·IP1
1.05·IP2
I

assumption: CT- ratio: 1/1

IDiff = IS1 + IS2 = (1+ 1)· IP1 + (1+ 2)·IP2 = 0.95· IP1 – 1.05· IP1 = 0.1·IP1

-normal operation: IP1 = IN

IDiff = 0.1·IP1 = 0.1·IN

-external fault: assumption: IP1 = 10·IN

IDiff = 0.1·IP1 = 1·IN

As the setting IDiff> for usual applications

lays below nominal current, Restrained characteristic necessary!
it would cause a wrong trip in case of
external faults with heavy current!
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Basic principles : restrained current comparison (2/2)

Example: external fault with linear CT- errors

CT 1: CT 2:
IP1 IP2 = -IP1
1= - 5% 2 = + 5% IF
Protected
object

IRest IRest = IS1 + IS2

IRest = 2·IP1

IS2=
IS1= 1.05·IP2
0.95·IP1
IDiff= IS1+ IS2
IDiff
IDiff = 0.1·IP1

Setting due to Linear error due to

magnetising or different
charging currents CT transformation Under the following
IDiff=
Resulting assumption
IS1+IS2
characteristic
1 = 2 and I1 = I2
IN
the result for a conventional
Trip Differential Prot. characteristic
should be:
Block IDiff = IDiff> + 1·I1 + 2·I2
= IDiff> + 2· 1 ·I1
IDiff>
with IDiff> = setting
2 10 IRest = IS1 + IS2

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Basic principles: measuring circuit for a 3-phase system

Basic circuit for a 3- phase system:

Generator / Motor / Reactor

L1
L2
L3

Diff.

Rest. current
Conventional
Differential Protection

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Transformer Differential Protection special qualities

Angle shifting N·30° due to vector group (0 N 11)

for 3-phase transformers.

Different current values of the CT- sets on the high voltage side (HV)
and on the low voltage side (LV)

Zero sequence current in case of external faults will cause

differential current

Transformer-tap changer, magnetising current

Transient currents
Inrush
CT-saturation

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3-phase Transformer: primary values

Load: 100MVA ,vector group: Yd5

side 2: 20kV, 2887A side 1: 110kV, 525A
3000/1A 750/1A
2L1 1L1
I2L1 I1L1
I2*L1
2L2 I2L2
1L2
I2*L2 I1L2
2L3 1L3
I2L3 I1L3
I2*L3

kU = U1N/U2N = 110kV/20kV = 5.5

kWinding = w1/w2 = kU/ 3

I2*L1 = -I1L1·ku 3 + I1L2·ku 3

I2*L3
I1L1ku 3
I1L1

5·30°
I2*L2

I1L2ku 3
I1L3 I1L2

-I1L1ku 3

I2*L1

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3-phase Transformer : secondary values

SN I NCTlsec
I L1sec
3 U N I NCTlprim

100MVA 1A
I1L1sec 0.7A
3 110kV 750A
I1L1sec= 0.7A , 0°

100MVA 1A
I2L1sec 0.96A
3 20kV 3000A

IDiff L1 = I1L1sec+ I2L1sec

= 0.5A

I2L1sec = 0.96A , -150°

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 Vector group and current value adaptation

* In case of conventional Transformer Differential Protection (1of2)

Load: 100MVA ,vector group: YNd5
3000/1A side 2: 20kV side1: 110kV 750/1A ILoad=
525A
L1
2887A
L2

L3

0.96A 0.7A

29 23
Diff.
IR Wdg. Wdg.

Rest. current
Conventional Matching transformer
Differential Prot. -Vector group adaptation
-Current value adaptation
-Zero seq. current handling

nominal Load (no fault): 0.70A ·23Wdg = 0.555A ·29Wdg, IR = 0.555· 3 = 0.96A
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 Vector group and current value adaptation

* In case of conventional Transformer Differential Protection (2of2)

Load: 100MVA ,vector group: YNd5
3000/1A side 2: 20kV side1: 110kV 750/1A
~ L1
13655A
~ L2

~ L3

3I0
IP=
4.55A 5.73A 4300A

Diff. 29 23
IR Wdg. Wdg.

Rest. current
Conventional Matching transformer
Differential Prot. -Vector group adaptation
-Current value adaptation
-Zero seq. current handling
single pole fault HV -side: 5.73A ·23Wdg = 4.550A ·29Wdg , IR = 4.55A

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 Vector group and current value adaptation

* In Case of numerical Transformer Differential Protection (1of2)

Load: 100MVA ,vector group: YNd5

CT 2 side 2: 20kV side 1: 110kV CT 1
3000/1A 750/1A
I2L1P I1L1P
2L1 1L1
I2L2P I1L2P
2L2 1L2
I2L3P I1L3P
2L3 1L3

I2L1S I2A I1A I1L1S

Current Io – Vector Io – Current
I2L2S value handling group comparison handling value
I2B I1B I1L2S
adaptation adaptation adaptation
CT 2
I CT 1
I2L3S I2C I1C I1L3S

Numerical Transformer Differential Protection

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 Vector group and current value adaptation

* In case of numerical Transformer Differential Protection (2of2)

Parameterisation of transformer and CT- data

in a 7UT6 Differential Protection Device

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Measuring Pre-processing, Example for CT Matching

(1 of 2)
SN = 100 MVA
UN2 = 20 kV UN1 = 110 kV
3000/1A 750/1A
IP2 = 2750A IP1 = 500A
(load current) Side 2 Side 1 (load current)
InO2 = 2887A InO1 = 525A

IS2 = -0.916A IS1 = 0.66A

IDiff = ?
IRest = ?

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Measuring Pre-processing, Example for CT Matching

1. Calculation of the transformer nominal current I nO

SN (2 of 2)
3 UN
I NCT
2. Correction factor kW
I nO

3. Correction nominal current I* = kW·IS

4. Calculation of the differential and IDiff = |I1* + I2*| IRest = |I1*| + |I2*|
restraint current

Calculation example:

SN = 100MVA UN1 = 110kV UN2 = 20kV

IN1CT = 750A IN2CT = 3000A
Correction factors: kW1 = 1.428 kW2 = 1.039 IDiff = 0A
Load conditions: Ip1 = 500A Ip2 = 2750A IRest = 1.9A
Secondary currents: Is1 = 0.666A Is2 = -0.916A IDiff = 0·InO
Matched currents: I1* = 0.95A I2* = -0.95A IRest = 1.9·InO

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Tripping Characteristic

Reasons for this shape of characteristic

x
I Diff
InO
3.0

2.5
Trip
Slope 2

2.0 Total
Block

1.5
CT-
error
1.0
Slope 1 Tap-
changer
0.5
IDiff>
Magnet.
0 current
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0
I Rest InO

Example: Transformer with Tap changer

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Tripping Characteristic (1 of 2)

I Diff Tripping Characteristic 7UT6

InO
1231 IDiff>>
7

1243A
6 SLOPE 2
45°
5
Trip Block
4

*)
3

2
1241A Add-on
1
SLOPE 1 Stabilization

1221 IDiff>
0 14 I Rest
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 16
1242A 1261A InO
BASE POINT 1 I-ADD ON STAB *) Slope for Add-on Stabilization:
1244A 7UT6 Slope 1 ; 7UT5 ½ Slope 1
BASE POINT 2

flexible adaptation to various transformers, e.g. with tap changer or different Ct’s
high stability against external faults with Ct saturation
IDiff>>: fast tripping for solid short-circuits within one period
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Tripping Characteristic (2 of 2)

Parameters

7UT6: settable
7UT5: 0 (fixed)

7UT6 only
min. setting:
7UT6: 2 ; 7UT5: 5
7UT613 / 63x

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 Add on stabilization during external fault ( 1 of 2)

I Diff Tripping Characteristic 7UT6

During an external fault which InO
produces a high IDiff>>
7
through-flowing current,
Trip
causing Ct saturation,
6
a considerable differential-
45° Block
current can be simulated, 5
especially when the degree of D
saturation is different at the C
4
two sides.
If the quantities IDiff/IRest result 3
Add-on
in an operating point which Stabilization
lays in the trip area of the 2
operating characteristic, a
trip signal would be the 1
consequence, if there were no Saturation inception
IDiff> B
special measures 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 I Rest
A InO
Immediately after fault inception (A) the fault currents increase severely thus producing a high
restraint quantity. At the instant of Ct saturation (B) a differential quantity is produced and the restraint
quantity is reduced. In consequence, the operating point IDiff/IRest may move into the tripping area (C).
In contrast, the operating point moves immediately along the fault characteristic (D) when an internal
fault occurs.
When an external fault is detected, the differential stage for this phase is blocked by an
adjustable no. of periods. (for 7UT613/63x now also cross block is possible)
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Demonstration of add-on stabilization (2 of 2)

Block

45
° Trip

add-on
stabilisatio
n

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Inrush, cross block, over excitation [V/Hz] (1 of 2)

filter window
1 cycle
iRUSH Cross-block = No (phase separate blocking)
= iDiff Inrush current
in one phase L1-block IDiff, L1 > trip blocking

L2-block IDiff, L2 > trip blocking

L3-block IDiff, L3 > trip blocking

1P 2P 3P t

I2har
IDiff block Cross-block = Yes (blocking of all phases)

L1-block
Setting
15 %
value L2-block OR IDiff > trip blocking
1 for an adjustable time
L3-block
no block
0
0 t

recognise inrush condition by evaluating the ratio 2nd harmonic I2har to basic wave IDiff.
Time limit for cross-block. Reliable reaction to the inrush condition with cross-block.
Trip of a short circuit after the set time delay.
recognise over excitation [V/Hz] by evaluating the ratio 3rd or 5th harmonic to basic wave
Page 30 Infrastructure & Cities Sector – Smart Grid Division
Tripping Characteristic - Motor Start

Typical for motor start is the starting current and the superimposed dc component with
a large time constant. The two Ct-sets may transform this dc component differently.
The result is a differential current and the risk of an over-function is given.
Detection of motor starting:
Increases the pick-up values for a settable time
I Diff Tripping Characteristic 7UT6 for Motor start
InO
1231 Idiff>>
7
Criterion:
Start-up characteristic
Supervision of 6
restraint current Steady-state
45° Trip
characteristic
5
IRest > I-Restr. Startup
(until 2 I/InO) 4
Increase
than the of pickup
Start-Factor (max. 2) 3
is active for the time:
2
T Start Max
(Duration of dynamical Block
1
increasing of pickup)
1221 Idiff>
0 0 14 I Rest
2 4 6 8 10 12 16
InO
Page 31 Infrastructure & Cities Sector – Smart Grid Division
Tripping Characteristic

DC offset: Increasing of the Characteristic

increased
characteristi
c
(factor 2)
0.24

0.36

Steady state
characteristi
c
0.12
0.18
Minimum
setting
Add-on
stabilizatio
n

Setting Add-on stabilization:

5

7UT613/63x only
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