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Slilin fol CH #ot
Problem.
17, Superhighways in Canada have speed limits of
= 100 km/h. How does this compare with the
65-mi/h speed limit common in the U.S.?
Solution
(100 km/h) (1-mi/1.609 km) = 62.2 mi/h. The speed
limit in Canada is about 2.8 mi/h less than in the
United States.
Problem
33. If there are 1 million electronic components on
— semiconductor chip that measures 5.0 mm by
5.0 mm, (a) how much area does each component
occupy? (b) If the individual components are
square, how long is each on a side?
Solution .
(a) The area of each (identical) component is the rota’
area of the chip divided by the number of components,
or (5 mmx5 mm)/10® = 2.5x10° mm?. (b) The side
of a square is the square root of its area, so the side of
‘one component is V/2.5x10-* ram? = 5.010? mm =
5.0 pm,
Problem
52, The density of bubble gum is about 1 g/em®, You
blow an 8g wad of gum into a bubble 10 cm in
diameter. What is the thickness of the bubble?
Hint: Think about unrolling the bubble into a at
sheet. The surface area of a sphere is 4rr?.
Solution
‘The volume of gum is its mass divided by its density,
or 8 g/(1 g/cm’) = 8 cm. The volume of the bubble
(a thin spherical shell) is 4x Rd, where R is the radius
and d(€R) is the thickness, and is equal to the volume
of gum, Thus, d = (8 em®)/4z(5 cm)? = 0.26 mm, —_ Ch# at
Problem
52,'A motorist suddenly notices a stalled car and
— slams on the brakes, decelerating at the rate of
6.3 m/s®. Unfortunately this isn't good enough,
‘and a collision ensues. From the damage
sustained, police estimate that the car was moving
at 18 km/h at the time of the collision. They also
measure skid marks 34 m long. (a) How fast was
the motorist going when the brakes were first
‘ applied? (b) How much time elapsed from the
initial braking to the collision?
Solution
(a) From the given acceleration, ~6.3 m/s’, the
distance traveled, 34 m, and the final velocity,
18 km/h = 5 m/s (just before the collision), the initial
velocity (when the braking began) can be calculated:
0B = v? — 2a(z — 29), oF Uy =
/(5 m/s)? — 2(—6.3 m/s*)(34 m) = 21.3 m/s =
76.7 km/h. (b) The deceleration time interval was t =
(v= 9)/a = (5 m/s — 21.3 m/s)/(—6.3 m/s?) =.2.59 s.
(The positive » direction is the direction in which the
‘car was moving.)
Problem
‘54, A racing car undergoing constant acceleration
covers 140 m in 3.6. (a) If t is moving at 53 m/s
: at the end of this interval, what was its speed at
the beginning of the interval? (b) How far did it
travel from rest to the end of the 140-m distance?
Solution
(a) 2 — x9 = 140 m = }(vo + v)t = 5 (v9 +53 m/s)x
(3.6 8); therefore vo = 24.8 m/s. (b) The acceleration,
is a= (v—up)/t = (58 — 248) m/s/3.6 s = 7.84 m/s
Starting from rest, the distance traveled while
reaching a velocity v = 53 m/s is v?/2a = (53 m/s)?
2(7.84 m/s”) = 179 m.
Problem ”
89. A faucet leaks water at the rate of 15 drops per
second. At the instant one drop leaves the faucet,
another strikes the sink below, and two additional
drops are in between on the way down. How far is
it from the faucet to the sink bottom?
Solution
Drops appear at the faucet every 1/15 of a second,
Under the conditions stated (one drop at the faucet,.
two in the air, and one striking the sink), the time of
fall for one drop is 3(1/15) s = (1/5) s, so the distance
fallen (starting from rest) is yo — y= 3gt? =
4(9.8 m/s*)(0.2 s)? = 19.6 cm. |
:
31. Since abcos@ = a,b, + ayby + azbz,
wee a,b, + ayb, + ab. ;
ab
The magnitudes of the vectors given in the problem are
a=|aq = (3.0)? + (3.0)? + (3.0)? =5.2
b=|b| = V20)?+ (1.0? + B02 =3.7.
The angle between them is found from
(3.0)(2.0) + (3.0)(1.0) + (3.0)(3.0) _
cos @ = (5.2)(3.7)
0.926 .
The angle is @ = 22°.
