DEVELOPING SMART RAILWAY TOILETS

Mr. Shwetank S. Singh [Link] Dubey [Link] Pandey [Link] K. Aggrawal

Student, Student, Student, Student,
sshwetankshekhar@[Link] iamvartika@[Link] rajec2ims@[Link] pawanaggr121@[Link]
IMS ENGINEERING COLLEGE, GHAZIABAD
[Link]
In the cutting edge world, the advances are definitely grown, yet at the same time the cleanliness in our nation is
under risk. The abstract of this paper is to deliver clean and hygiene Railway Platform. All the Railway Platform
should be clean and hygiene. In our country, our government has introduced a scheme called "Swachh Bharat"
(Clean India). Keeping the Railway Platform uncontaminated is the one of the objectives of the Clean India scheme.
This paper can be helpful to encourage a clean India project. In the future, it can show the major part in clean India
scheme. In an Existing system, they are focused on identifying the dirt on platform and cleaning them. In our
proposed system, we have determined on keeping Railway Toilet Automatic. Therefore, our development is to
switch the waste storage to a tank when train is standing at platform. This paper is based on Automation and
concepts of Switching tank using different sensors like PIR sensor and Relay . By using these sensors, we can create
the smart toilets.[1]
Keywords: PIR Sensor, Relay, RF transmitter and receiver

2. INTRODUCTION
In our country, people do use the Toilet at Railway Platform. This leads to several diseases, such as Malaria,
Hepatitis, Flu, Cholera, Streptococcus, Typhoid, etc. Hence we introduce the concepts called "Smart Railway
toilet". It is introduced to use and maintain the toilets in a clean and hygienic way. The project is based on
Automation concepts using sensors like PIR sensor, Relay, RF transmitter, and Receiver. Using these materials
we are trying to provide the clean Platform and create awareness among the people.[2]

2.1 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

In this paper, we are going to provide a clean Platform. This paper can bring the idea of using smart railway
toilet. This paper can ensure the responsibilities of clean Toilet. Finally, this concept is one of the stepping stone
to the "Clean and disease free India".

2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW

The system uses Radiofrequency as an underlying communication protocol. The protocol is used in knowing the
position of trains. There are two mechanisms involved here. They are,
1. Automatic Tank Switching
2. Dumping off waste
The PIR detects if there is a human in the toilet. When a user stands in front of the urinal, an infrared sensor
can detect the user. If the user keeps staying in front of the sensor for 3 seconds continuously, it is considered that a
user is currently using the urinal and the doors didn’t lock. On the other hand, if it does not find that the toilet is in
use then locks the door as the train reaches the platform. Thus the condition of the platform can be easily maintained
using this concept and the storage tank dump the waste as as the train leaves the platform so no waste is there in the
tank Such an attempt was also made by A. D. Kadge has proposed “Automatic Sewage Disposal System for Train”,
Indian railways have 114,500 km of total track over a route of 65000 km and 7500 stations. While traveling by train
people expect healthy and hygienic surrounding. Feel uncomfortable due to the poor condition of the platform and
the allied foul smell.[2]
This also creates a bad impression on foreign tourist .sanitation problem caused due to a system in which train toilets
dispose of human waste openly on to platform tracks. In this system, they are using two mechanisms. They are
sewage disposal mechanisms and track changing [Link] this disposal mechanism, the ultrasonic sensor and
position sensor is used. The ultrasonic sensor detects the depth of the sewage tank while the position sensor detects
the proper place to dispose of the sewage. After the proper detection of the place is done, the solenoid valve on.
Then the sewage disposal is done.
Another such attempt was made in 2015 by Pandya Chintan, YadavJatin, KareliyaSanket. They have proposed
"Automatic working bio-toilet tank for railway coaches", Bio toilet tank is a human waste disposal mechanism in the
area with no infrastructure facilities. That is easy to operate alternative to the tradition waste disposal system. In that
project are two doors in the tank, the one input door, and second exit door. [3]
The input door is on top of the tank and exit door is assembling inside the tank. The doors are open and close by
using the pneumatic cylinder. RPM controller is used to measuring the speed of the train and transfers those details
to a proximity sensor, which can send control over the train, Pneumatic cylinder is controlled by using RPM
controller, Proximity sensor, and Compressed air tank. So, the whole system is controlled with train speed. If the
train speeds exceed 30 km/h then exit door will open and total waste depositor drop in tracks and input door is
closed. Input door is open when the train is under 30 km/h speed.
The systems that are available today mostly depend on a degree of interaction between the user and the device. This
scheme is impracticable. In this paper, we are presenting an "smart railway toilet" performing an extensive
automatic switching while being as simple to use as a conventional toilet. The main focus of the system is to make
clean the the Indian railway platforms.
Here we have used PIR sensor for detecting the presence of human in the toilet Electromagnets are used for
closing the door automatically. There is presence of Solenoid valve for switching the waste in tank when the train is
at the platform. The rf transmitter and receiver are there to detect the position of the train that whether the train is
standing at the platform or not.
2.3 EXISTING SYSTEM

In an existing system, they concentrate more on organizing sewages from the railway system. They are
trying to taking all the medical tests through the usage of toilets. They are concentrated on reducing water wastage
on platform cleaning, by the Workers. But no one is concentrating that what is the cause of platform being in poor
condition. The root of the problem is use of train toilets at the platforms.
If the focus will be made on stopping anyhow the use of toilet at the platform then this problem will be
automatically solved without any problem. Thus this paper helps in dealing with such kind of problem (using toilet
at the platform).

Disadvantages:

1) They are not focused on providing clean and hygienic platforms.

2) The cleaning of the platform could not be done all the time.

3. WORKING PRINCIPLE
In the first phase, RF transmitter and receivers are used. The transmitters are placed at the platform and
the receivers are at the fitted in the [Link] the train reaches the platform it receives the RF [Link] the same time,
the PIR sensor is used to discover if any person is in the [Link] any person is there in the toilet then the door does
not [Link] mechanism of the toilet in use changes and the waste is stored to a [Link] mechanism is done with
the help of water relays that works on [Link] case two if no person is there in the toilet then it locks the door of
the toilet till the train is at the [Link] the second phase, as the train starts to move away from the platform the
RF signal that was received by the train start to become weaker and weaker.A point comes when no signal is
received by the RF receiver which means the train has passed the platformAt this point, all the door gets
[Link] sensors get [Link] other 24-volt relay gets activated and the mechanism is switched such that
the waste is dumped off from the [Link] receivers are still activated so it can easily detect whether the train has
reached the platform or not.[8]

4.1 ARCHITECTURE OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM




Figure 1: Architecture of the proposed system

4.2 DESCRIPTION OF ARCHITECTURE HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

 Microcontroller
 Power supply
 LCD display
  Buzzer
  PIR sensor
  Solenoid valve
 Water Relay

5.1 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

Embedded C

5.2 MICROCONTROLLER
A microcontroller is a small computer on a single combined circuit holding a processor core, memory, and
programmable input/output peripherals. Program memory in the form of Ferroelectric NOR flash or OTP ROM
is also often included on chip, as well as a typically small amount of RAM. Microcontrollers are designed for
embedded applications, in contrast to the microprocessors used in personal computers or other general-purpose
applications. PIC 16F877 is one of the most advanced microcontrollers from Microchip. This controller is
commonly used for experimental and modern applications because of its low price, a wide range of requests,
high quality, and ease of obtainability. It is ideal for applications such as machine control applications,
measurement devices, study purpose, and so on. The PIC 16F877 features all the mechanisms which present
microcontrollers usually have.[9]
PIC microcontrollers follow Harvard architecture for internal data transfer. In
Harvard architecture there are two separate memories for program and data. These two memories are accessed
through different buses for data communication between memories and CPU core. This architecture improves the
speed of system over Von Neumann architecture in which program and data are fetched from the same memory
using the same bus. PIC18 series controllers are based on 16-bit instruction set.
 Figure 2: Microcontroller

5.3 LCD
LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display. By using the LCD, all the outputs are displayed. LCD doesn't know about
the content (data or commands) supplied to its data bus. It is the user who has to specify whether the content at its
data pins is data or commands.

Figure 3: LCD Display

For this, if a command is inputted then a certain arrangement of 0s and 1s has to be applied to the Control lines so as
to specify it is a command on the other hand if a data is inputted at the data lines then another combination of 0s and
1s has to be applied to the control lines to require it is Data.[6]
5.4 BUZZER
The buzzer is also called as Beeper. It is a sound signaling mechanical device.
Piezo sounders contain a piezo electric vibration plate (also known as a piezo element) within a moulded case.
Sound is emitted when a voltage is applied and the piezo element inside the case vibrates.

Figure 4: Buzzer

5.5 PIR SENSOR

The PIR sensor is used to detect if any human is there in the toilet. It measures the infrared(IR) light radiating from
object. when a warm body like human passes by it first intercepts one half of the PIR sensor which causes the
positive differential change between the two halves. When the warm body leaves the sensing area, the reverse
happens, whereby the sensor generates a negative differential change.[12]

Figure 5: PIR
These change pulses are what is detected. For many basic projects or products that need to detect when a person has
left or entered the area, or has approached, PIR sensors are great. They are low power and low cost, pretty rugged,
have a wide lens range, and are easy to interface with. Digital pulse high (3V) when triggered (motion detected)
digital low when idle (no motion detected). Pulse lengths are determined by resistors and capacitors on the PCB and
differ from sensor to sensor.
5.6 Solenoid Valve
The solenoid consists of several turns of the enameled wire wound around the ferromagnetic material like
steel or iron.[10]

Figure 6: Smell Sensor

The coil forms the shape of the hollow cylinder. Externally this coil is covered with the steel covering and
inside the hollow part, there is a plunger or the piston.

5.7ELECTROMAGNETIC DOOR LOCKER

Magnetic door locks use an electromagnetic force to stop doors from
opening, so they are ideal for security.

Figure 7: Door Locker

Magnet locks, such as the Deed lock magnets locks are made up of an electromagnet and an armature plate. The
plate is attached to the door, and the magnetic to the door frame An electromagnetic lock creates a magnetic field
when energized or powered up, causing an electromagnet and armature plate to become attracted to each other
strongly enough to keep a door from opening. As they require power to remain locked, this allows them to be
fail-safe, making electromagnetic door locks safe for use as emergency exits. If the power was to go out in a fire
via a fire relay or call button, the door would unlock, allowing people to exit the building.[9]
5.8 RF Transmitter And Receiver
The RF module, as the name suggests, operates at Radio Frequency.

Figure 8: Door Locker

The corresponding frequency range varies between 30 kHz & 300 GHz. In this RF system, the digital
data is represented as variations in the amplitude of the carrier wave. This kind of modulation is known as
Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK). Transmission through RF is better than IR (infrared) because of many reasons.
Firstly, signals through RF can travel through larger distances making it suitable for long-range applications.
 Also, while IR mostly operates in a line-of-sight mode, RF signals can travel even when there is an obstruction
between transmitter & receiver. Next, RF transmission is more strong and reliable than IR transmission. RF
communication uses a specific frequency, unlike IR signals which are affected by other IR emitting sources.
This RF module comprises an RF Transmitter and an RF Receiver. The transmitter/receiver (Tx/Rx)
pair operates at a frequency of 434 MHz. An RF transmitter receives serial data and transmits it wirelessly
through RF through its antenna connected at pin4. The transmission occurs at the rate of 1Kbps - 10Kbps.

6. BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Figure 9: Block diagram of the proposed system

3. ADVANTAGES
  It can help in making the platform clean.
  It can prevent many contagious diseases like malaria, typhoid, cholera, streptococcus, asthma, etc..
 It can promote the "Swachh Bharat” scheme

4. CONCLUSION
Our proposed project will create awareness among the people about the proper sanitation. It makes use of
the Internet of things, which is a rapidly growing technology. Our proposed system will make everyone to strictly
follow the cleanliness and proper sanitation in the toilets. It prevents the many new contagious diseases that spread
due to improper sanitation of the toilets. Thus by using technologies in the smarter way, we can maintain the
cleanliness which is next to the godliness. Keep Clean, Be Safe.[15]

[Link]

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Volume-2, Issue-3, February2013.

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