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CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM

The private security agency might conjure up an image of an

agency that staffs’ senior citizens who patrol buildings at night,

barely able to stay awake much of the time. Those types of security

guards may exist, but they more likely do so as a television or

movie stereotype. Private security agencies provide security for

your business and are privately owned and operated, unlike public

security such as the military or the police. Many effective and

productive professional people work in this field. In fact, the

professional organization ASIS International offers certification

programs for security personnel.

When you use a private security agency to staff a security

guard for your business, tell the agency that you want a guard to

protect against theft, vandalism, fire and any other illegal

activity. You have a choice of hiring an armed or an unarmed guard.

Generally, armed guards are more appropriate to hire for businesses

not open to the public or during the hours your business is closed.

Unarmed guards would contact public security forces, such as the

police department or the fire department, for help Starting a

security guard company is a good option, especially for those

currently or previously involved with law enforcement as they

already have many of the necessary skills to succeed. While

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security guards do not have the same legal authority as police

officers, they are responsible for the personal safety of their

clients and clients' property. The private security industry helps

fill the gaps that public security such as police is not able to

adequately fill. Below are several things to consider before

starting your own security guard company. Businesses are legally

required to purchase insurance in order to comply with state laws,

protect their employees and customers and protect themselves

financially from theft. This is especially true for businesses

that deal in high priced items. They are required to hire 24 hour

security. Examples of these types of companies include car

dealerships, jewelry stores and high rise apartment buildings. It

is very important to have a set of Standard Operating Procedures

(SOPs) in place prior to getting clients. It will show your clients

that you are an established business as well as make sure that you

and your employees are prepared for all situations. By establishing

a good reputation through a thorough and detailed SOP, you will be

able to keep and gain clients. If you are looking to get

governmental clients, it is also required to have SOPs. For

example, if you are looking a security job, the Security Management

System requires that they review your SOPs to make sure that they

meet their operating requirements. Make sure that you include

everything that you can think of regarding how you want your

company to run. Some things to consider including are proper use

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of force, code of ethics, uniform policies, field reports and

evidence collection procedures.

The beginning of security started during primitive history

when man had to protect himself against wild animals and the harsh

environment. At first, security needs were simple, but as

civilization become complex, so did man’s security requirements.

History reveals that the earliest collective attempt at security

came about during feudal times, when banded together to organize

the first crude military units. Protection of life and property

were the main considerations. As life becomes competitively

complex, technology increased, trade, transportation and

communications improved, the concept of security as an all-

encompassing term began to emerge. Necessity dictated the

construction of larger and stronger buildings. Different types of

locking devices for the safekeeping of valuables and weapons of

defense were invented.

The nation that is entitled to protect one’s property is

ancient in origin. The right to protect one’s asset is an

interception. In democratic societies this right is established as

a matter of law. Its applications extent not only to individuals,

but also to organizations. Even with the advent of the so called

professional polices agencies throughout the course, the primary

responsibility for protecting private property against losses,

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whether attribute or criminal activity or otherwise, continued to

rest with the property owner. This approached to protecting assets

remained unchanged. Owners still have the primary responsibility

for preventing the loss of their property. This principle is

reinforced by the fact that as a general rule public police

agencies will not enter upon private property unless they are

specifically asked to do so by the owner or tenant. Almost

invariability such invitations extended only after the realization

that a presumably criminal act has taken place or is about to

occur.

Security and safety of the citizens and their properties

became essential in various governments worldwide following the

rapid growth and development of science and technology. However,

various governments initiated a change or amendment of laws and

policies so as to cope with these developments. However, the main

responsibility of any government through security organs is to

ensure that there is peace and security for every citizen and

his/her properties. As pointed out above, rapid changes which

occurred in different aspects created a need of assisting

Governmental organs in the provision of security. This is what led

to the emergence of private security companies. Some states

indicate that PSCs can contribute for example to a reduction in

bodily injuries and harassment, vandalism and graffiti on public

transport. Private Security Companies were also found to increase

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passengers’ (especially women and elderly passengers) subjective

feelings of safety on public transport. Private Security Companies

(PSCs) can enhance the chances of offenders being apprehended. It

is common in many countries for PSCs to be the primary force of

apprehending offenders who are engaged in shoplifting and other

low level crimes especially in retail outlets. In a secondary role,

PSCs can also alert law enforcement agents and provide information

which would enable them (law enforcement agents) apprehend

offenders.

According to a newspaper article of Philippine daily inquirer

by Raul J. Palabrica (April 25, 2016), the number of registered

security guards in the Philippines reached more than 500,000 that

outnumbering the 130,000-strong Armed Forces of the Philippines

and PNP’s 160,000, more or less, police personnel. To promote the

welfare of these unsung guardians of persons and properties, the

Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) recently issued

Department Order No. 150-16, Series of 2016, which spelled out the

rules on employment and working conditions of security guards and

other security personnel in the private security industry.

The rules state that security guards and other private

security personnel assigned to a person or company (defined as

“principal”) are considered employees of the security service

contractor or Private Security Agency (PSA).

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When a service agreement is entered into between a PSA and a

principal, the DOLE Regional Office concerned can order the parties

to submit to it a copy of the agreement.

The agreement should contain, among others, provisions relating to

the nature of the work to be done, its terms and conditions, and

the basic equipment (at least one handgun) to be provided to the

guards.

In addition, the PSA should make an undertaking to directly

remit every month the employer’s share and employee’s contribution

to the Social Security System, Employees Compensation Commission,

Philippine Health Insurance Corp., and Home Development Mutual

Fund. The latter obligation is significant because, based on past

records, many PSAs have been negligent in this area to the

detriment of the security guards when they retire or are disabled.

A critical requirement in the agreement is an “automatic

crediting provision,” which shall state that in case DOLE issues

wage orders increasing the security guards’ wages and other wage-

related benefits, the principal shall shoulder the increase and

the agreements shall be deemed amended accordingly.

This means the burden of making upward adjustments in the

guards’ wages pursuant to DOLE’s orders has to be assumed by the

principal even if they are considered employees of the PSA, and

not of the principal.

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This requirement will do away with the present practice where

PSAs are obliged to re-negotiate their agreements with their

principals in case wage orders are issued without the assurance

that the principal will agree to the wage adjustment.

Corollary to this responsibility, the rules provide that in case

a PSA fails to pay the guards’ wages, the principal shall be

considered their “indirect employer” and therefore shall become

jointly and severally liable with the PSA in paying the wages to

the extent of the work they have performed under the agreement.

And talking of wages, under the law, the guards, like all other

private employees, are entitled to the minimum wage set by DOLE

for the area where they perform their work. The reality on the

ground, however, is this requirement is more observed in breach by

some PSA’s through schemes like extending the guards working hours

without overtime pay, or using less than fair factors in computing

their wages.

The scope and delimitation of the study

The study focused on private security agencies of Baguio city

for the year 2016-2017.

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As the of the information gather there are 20 security

agencies based in Baguio namely; 1. King Mike security agency, 2.

New JP Blues Security Agency, 3. New power Man Security Agency, 4.

Northern alliance security agencies. 5. Baguio investigation

security agency inc. 6. Casaldo Lyndon Bacmor Security Agency

[Link] maximum agency, 8. Philippine private detective security

agency 9. Sidekick security agency 10. Online security services

incorporated. 11. Baguio's Finest Security Agency 12. Amicus

Security Agency (ASA) 13. Star Force Security And Allied Services

Incorporated 14. Recon Security Agency 15. Sincala

Investigation Security Agency 16. Atlantic security and

investigation agency. 17 Abra superior security and allied

services 18. Quality guards services investigation agency 19.

Interlink electronic security solutions incorporated 20.

Steelshield

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In the last fifteen years, the Slovenian private security

sector developed significantly through at least three periods. The

first can be called ‘privatization of security’ (1994-2003), and

it represents the fastest growing period of private security. The

second period can be called ‘consolidation of private security’

(2003-2007), which was marked by the intervention of the state in

the ‘private security business’, due to the excessive rapid

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development of the sector. The third one can be called the

’policization of the private security sector’ (2007 - present),

since the ministry of the interior and the police obtained extra

powers in the field of private security. This process is not over

yet and is likely to go through further changes. Throughout these

periods of development within the private security sector, private

security personnel and police officers (and their respective

organizations) were forced to establish relationships. The results

of the survey do not confirm the stereotype of conflicting and

competitive relations between police officers and security

officers. Both groups describe their relations as cooperative, and

security officers sometimes 270 see these relations in terms of

partnership. There are areas where police officers perform their

duties together with security officers, of which the most typical

are the protection of public gatherings, transportation and

security of money, arrest and hand over of criminals by security

officers to the police, intervention in case of alarm, exchange of

information on criminality, even control over private security by

the police. Police chiefs and security managers also believe that

some synergetic impact of such cooperation on the internal security

of the state does exist, despite all the difficulties with

measuring of such effects. Nevertheless, if the relationship

between private security companies and the police at the end of

the 20th Century could be described as one of coexistence, it is

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obviously time for both organizations to become partners in the

21st century.

In the Navy and Marine Corps (USA), there are eleven General

Orders of a Sentry - also known as the General Orders of the Watch

these are: 1.) To take charge of this post and all government

property in view. 2.) To walk my post in a military manner, keeping

always on the alert, and observing everything that takes place

within sight or hearing. 3.) To report all violations of orders I

am instructed to enforce. 4.) To repeat all calls from posts more

distant from the guard house than my own. 5.) To quit my post only

when properly relieved. 6.) To receive, obey and pass on to the

sentry who relieves me, all orders from the Commanding Officer,

Command Duty Officer, Officer of the Deck, and Officers and Petty

Officers of the Watch only. 7.) To talk to no one except in the

line of duty. 8.) To give the alarm in case of fire or disorder.

9.) To call the Officer of the Deck in any case not covered by

instructions. 10.) To salute all officers and all colors and

standards not cased. 11.) To be especially watchful at night, and,

during the time for challenging, to challenge all persons on or

near my post and to allow no one to pass without proper authority.

These are the rules the gate guards, duty officers, and

officers of the watch must abide by when on guard duty. Their job

is to protect the base or area on the base where people and property
 P a g e | 11

reside. Failing to adhere to these standards can cause big problems

for you as an individual or worse cause grave damage to people or

property.

The Eleven General Orders of a Sentry as listed in the Navy's

DEP (Delayed Enlistment Program). During boot camp, recruits will

be required to quote any one of, or all of the Eleven General

Orders of the Sentry from memory anytime, anywhere and to anyone.

Recruits should learn the Eleven General Orders of a Sentry

while in DEP prior to departure for Recruit Training. This will

give them an advantage over others in their division and will

provide some valuable time to perform additional required items

the first few days in boot camp. These General Orders are also

applied in the Philippines by different Private Security Agencies

and Private Security Guards.

Private Security Agency Philippines and over all security

industry continues to mature and make strides in the management of

uniformed security guard services. OSI supports the advancement of

client uniformed security personnel through the development of

qualitative and quantifiable security procedures to address

potential business and location risks.

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In Quezon City, Philippines, the Philippine National Police (PNP)

presented on Thursday (August 30) a total of 536 loose firearms

seized from eight private security agencies in the past two months.

The eight agencies were among the 452 companies that the PNP

ordered closed for failure to renew their firearms licenses. From

this number, only 76 have been issued with cease-to-operate orders

while authorities are still looking for the other 376 that may

have already changed their business addresses. PNP Civil Security

Group Police Director Camilo Cascolan said charges are now being

prepared against the owners of the agencies. “They are also

blacklisted and we are investigating (them) for whatever sanctions

that we will have to give them,” he said. Cascolan added that the

firearms had to be seized so as not to be used in unlawful acts.

“These may go to the wrong hands, criminals and even those

who wish like these guns. There are still a lot of CTOs to be

implemented. We hope there will be a lot of firearms to be

surrendered and confiscated as well,” the police officer said.

Marje Pelayo (with reports from Lea Ylagan)

Eight Security Agencies where loose firearms were confiscated:

1. Overseer Security Agency Inc.

2. 2. Southern Port Security Agency Inc.

3. [Link] Grande Security Agency

 P a g e | 13

4. [Link] Security Agency

5. 5. 24 Oras Bantay Security Agency

6. [Link] Security and Investigation AgencyDefcon One

Security Services Inc.

7. Jopra Security Services Inc.

The private security guard in Baguio City on the year 2016-

2018 Outstanding Citizens of Baguio awardees, the highlight of the

109th Baguio Charter Day celebration on Sept. 1.

Guillermo Battad Cortes was nominated by the owner of a McDonald’s

food chain branch within the Insular Life compound in the city,

where he works. Lawyer Betty Lourdes Tabanda, head of the search

committee of the Society of Outstanding Citizens of Baguio (SOCOB),

said Cortes' honesty and dedication to service was the reason for

his bagging the city’s top award for 2018.

Tabanda said the security guard was chosen “for his exemplary

behavior in the exercise of his profession." "He returned a bag

containing PHP1 million, which was left in Maharlika, when he was

still a guard there. It was not the only one. He was consistent in

returning items left by the public in his workplace,” Tabanda

noted. Tabanda related that during the screening process, Cortes

was asked: “Why do you treat people nicely, very respectful?"

 P a g e | 14

She said his answer, in the Ilocano dialect, was: "Because I

want people to respect me. I respect people so that people will

respect me. I will not be able to get that respect if I don’t treat

them the same way.”

Tabanda said Cortes clearly practices the Golden Rule.

"Respect begets respect,” she said further describing Cortes as

"an ordinary guy who makes you feel special. Tabanda went on to

relate that Cortes had told the panel of judges in his interview

that a "lowly" security guard like him could earn the people's

respect by respecting others.

Baguio City Mayor Mauricio Domogan announced the names of the

other awardees as: Dr. Ester Litilit for education, Bonifacio dela

Peña for professional distinction, Jose Bugayong Jr. for community

service, Rosalynd Camat for education, Generosa Boado for

community service, Jane Cosalan for community service, Teresita

Marcelo for culture and arts, Jose Ong Tajan for community service,

and Rolando Villanueva for business.

The 10 underwent different stages of judging: nomination,

screening, background investigation, judging, and panel interview.

The screening committees are composed of former awardees of

the city’s Outstanding Citizens Award, who were chosen by the city

mayor through an Administrative Order.

 P a g e | 15

Dr. Elma Donaal, SOCOB president, was among this year’s

judges. She said the PHP1 million returned by security guard Cortes

is an exemplary act, which must be recognized, pointing out that

he did it not just once but on several occasions.

“Imagine naman na milyon na yan. Hindi siya nasilaw kahit na maliit

lang sweldo niya at isauli pa ang mga naiiwan lalo na yung isang

milyon na yan (Imagine that is already a million and he was not

tempted despite his meager salary)," Donaal said.

There were 22 nominations submitted to the SOCOB since the

search began in February. The number was trimmed down to 16, and

10 were recommended to the city government, whose names were

conferred by the city and announced as this year’s awardees.

The search for outstanding citizens of Baguio is the most coveted

award in this mountain resort city. It is the highest award the

local government confers to a Baguio resident, who receives the

accolade only once. (PNA)

Importance of the study

This study provides procedures and guidelines for the conduct

of activities of security personnel of concerned security agencies

in any property of establishment of their client for the

preservation and maintenance of peace and order and the protection

of lives and property based on the R.A. 5487

 P a g e | 16

This research is intended to determine the level of attainment

and give an overview to the public, business sectors, and owners

and employees of security agencies on how they could improve the

working condition of the security agencies to enable them

efficiently perform their duties in the safeguarding business

sectors.

To the security guards that are having their training that

are willing to have knowledge on the standard operational

procedures of private security agencies.

To the Private Security Agencies who would like to handle and

provide security on business sectors.

To the employer who would like to hire private security

agencies to provide security on their business establishments.

To the employees who would like to enlightened themselves on

the operational procedures of the private security agencies.

To the future researchers, this study will provide baseline

data needed for further studies.

 P a g e | 17

Input Output
Process

1. Extent of A Provide a
attainment Quantitativ proposed
of e Research action to
objectives design in further

descriptive improve the

2 Extent of
method attainment
attainment
using of
of
interview objectives,
objectives
and procedural
along
Administeri practices
procedural
ng and
practices
questionnai problems
3. Degree of that are
res
seriousness being
of problem encountered
encountered. by private
security
agencies in
the city of
Baguio.

Figure 1. Paradigm of the study

The paradigm of the study consists of four boxes such as

Input, Process and Output where the Input consist of the Extent of

attainment of the private security agencies in Baguio City, Extent

 P a g e | 18

of attainment of procedural practices along the recruitment

qualifications, And Degree of seriousness of the problems

encountered by the private security agencies in Baguio City. The

process consist of a Quantitative Research design in descriptive

method using interview and administering questionnaires.

Conceptual Framework

The overall concept of this study was based on the concept if

evaluation of the operational procedures of the Private Security

Agencies in Baguio City. The Private Security Agencies were created

under Republic Act No. 5497 (Sec. 17, RA NO 5487) known as the

Private Security Agency Law. It is composed of officers and

ununiformed members of the Private Security Agency. It is vested

with powers and functions to exercise to prevent the loss or to

safeguard the properties, belongings of their client and secure

their clients safety in their respective posts, workplace.

Its scope includes originally promulgated rules and regulations

designed to professionalize the security industry. Similarly the

training programs for private security personnel were expounded

aimed at developing the skills and knowledge to suit current and

future applications. Hence it now includes specialization courses

on intelligence and investigation. Basic Crisis Management,

Personnel/ VIP Security, Armored Car Crew Training, Bomb disposal

Training, Bank Security Training and Basic Aviation Security. The

 P a g e | 19

agencies mission is to safety their clients through their services

in implementing security measures.

This rules and regulations are set forth by the SAGSD (Security

Agency and Group Supervision Division) to ensure that the said

rules and regulations are to be strictly being followed by the

security agencies or guards, and for the reason that the private

security agencies objectives are dealing with the following:

a) Providing security of the assets and personal belongings of

the clients

b) To serve protect the interest of the government

c) To serve or to meet the demands of the clientele

d) To adhere professionally to the conduct of the business what

prejudice and compromise to human rights and uphold

constantly the law and abide by the rules and regulations set

by the government in the conduct of the business.

e) To maintain and upgrade the standards of efficiency of

personnel’s, with this above stated objectives, the private

security agency seeks out to ensure that a well planned and

orderly procedures and practices are being observed and

followed at all times.

If the security guard is neglected or just put to post without

the necessary equipment’s for the job, his or her job will be

jeopardized because his service to the client will not be met

 P a g e | 20

and will not be satisfied with the security services, so the

agency or the guard itself will be transferred or the client

will shift to other security agency that will meet their

demands. In view to neglect of guards or just putting the

guard impost with no necessary equipment’s suited for the

job, the guard will resort to neglect of duty or Absence

Without Official Leave (AWOL), but of the guards is being

supported and put to post with the proper orientation and

training for the job with the necessary equipment’s the guards

especially the security agency will be credited for they, the

security agency have met the requirements or satisfied their

clients.

Labor and Employment Secretary Rosalinda Dimapilis-Baldoz

said D.O. 150-16 amends and improves upon Department Order No. 14,

s. 2001. The order introduces a simplified description of

employment status; it specifies the composition of a service

agreement; stipulates the rights and benefits of security

personnel; and explains further the rules on deductions for loss

or damage as well as deductions for cash bonds.

“The revised guidelines also provides for the inclusion of

the Single Entry Approach (SEnA) program and the oversight function

of the National Tripartite Industrial Peace Council and the Private

Security Industry Tripartite Council, and a provision increasing

 P a g e | 21

the administrative fee of private security establishments from 10

percent of the total contract cost to not less than 20 percent of

the total contract cost,” said Baldoz.

Through D.O. 150-16, the guidelines toward voluntary

compliance of security agencies with general labor standards (GLS)

and occupational safety and health standards to ensure social

welfare and protection of security guards would be solidified.

The modifications made from the previous D.O. also show the

organic nature of rules and regulations that responds positively

to the changes in the labor environment. “The department order

guarantees the rights of security guards and other private security

personnel. They shall be entitled to all rights and privileges as

provided for in the Labor Code,” Baldoz said.

Security guards and other private security personnel, whether

deployed or assigned the status of reliever, seasonal, week-ender,

or temporary, shall be entitled to safe and healthful working

conditions; and are entitled to labor standards, such as, but not

limited to, service incentive leave, premium pay, overtime pay,

holiday pay, night shift differential, 13th month pay, and

separation pay as may be provided in the Service Agreement or under

the Labor Code, as amended.

 P a g e | 22

They are also entitled to retirement benefits under Republic

Act Nos. 7641 and 1161 as amended by Republic Act No. 8282, and

retirement plans of the security service contractor, if any; social

security benefits; rights to self-organization and collective

bargaining, subject to the provisions of existing law; and security

of tenure.

Mandatory registration and registry of legitimate security

service contractors pursuant to the provisions of Department Order

No. 18-A, s. 2011, is also required.

The Bureau of Working Conditions (BWC), as the agency mandated

to draft policies and monitor enforcement of these policies, has

already started its orientation of the DOLE’s Labor Laws Compliance

Officers (LLCOs) of D.O. 150-16. Recently, Nicanor V. Bon, Chief,

PPDD, of the BWC discussed the D.O. 150-16 to LLCOs in the National

Capital Region.

Baldoz has directed the Labor Communications Office to

disseminate as widely as possible the contents and provisions of

the new department order for the benefit of all concerned.

Meanwhile, Davies J. et al. (2002) explained that Abraham

Maslow’s theory of human motivation in which he outlined a number

of needs which require to be satisfied if human beings are to work

and perform happily and satisfactorily. At the bottom end of the

 P a g e | 23

needs continuum he postulated the basic psychological needs (so-

called “drives”) which have to be satisfied other higher order

needs come to fore of which the first is the need for self-

preservation and avoidance of injury that is the safety needs.

Davies, J. et al(2002) further cited that one of the ways

which companies seek to erect defenses against human error is the

promotion of safety culture, normally through the use of

questionnaires which are filled in by staff. Their responses are

assumed to measure safety culture as an assumption based on certain

definitions of safety culture which are in circulation.

On the other hand, Buzan and Weaver’s (January 5, 2013)

Securitization theory explores the constructivist dimension of

security that it deals not only with security, but the process of

securitization itself. Securitization is the process whereby the

security label is attached to certain phenomena. A good example is

an airport security checks that even though their effectiveness

may be limited, they are considered essential for safety by the

public and therefore subject to little doubt or critique.

Meanwhile, according to Catherine Rainbow (January 2013) that

Ethical theories and principles are foundations of ethical

analysis because they are the view points from which guidance can

be obtained along the pathway to a decision. Each theory emphasizes

different points from which guidance can be obtained along the

 P a g e | 24

pathway to a decision. Each theory emphasizes different points

such as predicting the outcome and following one’s duties to others

in order to reach an ethically correct decision. However, in order

to be useful, the theory must be directed towards a common goals

that each theory tries to achieve in order to be successful.

Also, based on the Utilitarian theory, utilitarianism is a

normative ethical theory that places the locus of right and wrong

solely on the outcomes (consequences) of choosing one action/

policy over other actions/policies. As much, it moves beyond the

scope of one’s own interests and takes into account the interests

of others.

According to Steve Wolinski that regarding on the

transformation theory that this theory states that leadership is

the process by which a person engages with others and is able to

create a connection that results in increased motivation and

morality in both followers and leaders. It is often linked to the

theory of charismatic leadership that espouses that leaders with

certain qualities, such as confidence, extroversion, and clearly

stated values, are best able to motivate followers in an attempt

to help them reach their maximum potential. In addition,

transformation leadership typically describes how leaders can

initiate, develop, and implement important changes in an

organization.
 P a g e | 25

PADPAO Activity leading to Republic act. 5487. The best way

to explain why the Philippines Association of Detectives and

Protective Agency Operation (PADPAO). It is under the Republic

Act. 5487 it is the organization, operation, business and

activities of private detectives, watchmen or security guards.

This was disclose by ebullient colonel Beneficto G. Mendez, the

first secretary of the emerging association of PADPAO.

According to the old members of the old PADPAO they were family as

all brothers.

The step was lead to the final signings by President

Ferdinand E. Marcos, on June 13 1969 of RA. 5487, the Private

Agency Law. In fact, in this laws it was sign the most important

role of the association pertaining to the private industrial

security agencies operations.

It is open to operate to any Filipino citizen or a

corporation, partnership, or association, with a minimum capital

of five thousand pesos, one hundred per cent of which is owned and

controlled by Filipino citizens may organize a security or watchman

agency. Provided, that no person shall organize or have an interest

in, more than one such agency except those which are already

existing at the promulgation of this Decree: Provided, further,

That the operator or manager of said agency must be at least 25

years of age, a college graduate and/or a commissioned officer in

 P a g e | 26

the inactive service of the Armed Forces of the Philippines; of

good moral character; having no previous record of any conviction

of any crime or offense involving moral turpitude.

This organization was a product of diligent, which started

during the first month of 1058 to May. Members signed the articles

of incorporation on May 17 same year. In that day they also

discussed the draft of the by-laws rules and regulations, and also

set up the code of ethics of the professions.

At the down town of manila during the 50th -60th century, ten

pioneer fathers of the security business agreed among themselves

to finally work for the formation of a legal personality and body

the will help them in the conduct of their individual business.

They are:

Atty. Alfredo d. Vargas. Bernard Bradybury, Benjamin Ponce de

Leon , Dalmacio M Manikis Cirilo a Pama Felipe Bacani, Roquue d.

Mangalio, Nemesio Samson, jose B maniwang and Ben Mendez.

Standard operating procedures for security guards help

maintain an effective work environment by clearly outlining the

policies and uniform procedures that security guards should adopt

and apply to their daily work.

 P a g e | 27

Every company a security guard works for will have a different

standard operating policies and procedures (SOP) manual. The guard

is required to know and abide by the company’s SOP.

In Professionalism, a guard should always maintain a

professional manner, have a professional appearance and exhibit a

positive attitude. Being physically fit is essential to the success

of the guard in this field. When dealing with an irate person, the

guard should make all attempts to de-escalate the situation and

take control.

Standard Operating Procedures Vary with Each Employer

The job of a security guard varies, so it is extremely

important for the security guard to know exactly what the employer

specifically expects of them. The standard operating procedures

for a security guard varies with the type of work that the guard

is doing.

If the guard works in uniform, then he is responsible for

maintaining himself in a highly visible manner, deter crimes from

happening on the property he is overseeing and ensure the people

on the property are safe as well.

Security personnel should have in their possession a current

security guard license, as well as a current CPR and First Aid

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card. If the security guard has any additional licenses – such as

for a firearm, baton and/or pepper spray – she should have all

current licenses on her person at all times.

In emergency situations, Security guards have received

specialized training in how to respond to emergency situations.

They are required to interact and coordinate with the fire

department and law enforcement. Any suspicious activity should

immediately be reported to the supervisor.

In writing reports, most security guards are required to write

incident reports and keep an accurate daily activity log, which

details time, location and a description of events.

Working as a team to ensure optimal safety, the security guard

needs to work as a team with other security personnel, and not

allow any personal differences to interfere with professional

relationships. Each guard should be able to rely on one another,

especially in the event of an emergency.

Effective communication is critical to safety. Security

guards need to communicate with one another so everyone is on the

same page.
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The chain of custody, a guard should always respect the chain

of command and talk directly to his supervisor regarding any issues

that concern him.

The first box of the paradigm of this study represents the

independent variable with deals with the extent of attainment of

objectives/ the Extent of Management Practices along with the

Recruitment Qualifications, Training Qualifications, and Posting

of security guards and the problems encountered by the private

security agencies.

The second topic of this study represents the dependent

variable, which is the expected result of the independent variable.

And the third topic of the study represent the moderator

variable consisting of the agency, educational attainment.

The overall concept of this study was based on the concept if

evaluation of the operational procedures of the Private Security

Agencies in Baguio City. The Private Security Agencies were created

under Republic Act No. 5497 (Sec. 17, RA NO 5487) known as the

Private Security Agency Law. It is composed of officers and

ununiformed members of the Private Security Agency. It is vested

with powers and functions to exercise to prevent the loss or to

safeguard the properties, belongings of their client and secure

their clients safety in their respective posts, workplace.

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Its scope includes originally promulgated rules and

regulations designed to professionalize the security industry.

Similarly the training programs for private security personnel

were expounded aimed at developing the skills and knowledge to

suit current and future applications. Hence it now includes

specialization courses on intelligence and investigation. Basic

Crisis Management, Personnel/ VIP Security, Armored Car Crew

Training, Bomb disposal Training, Bank Security Training and Basic

Aviation Security. The agencies mission is to safety their clients

through their services in implementing security measures.

This rules and regulations are set forth by the SAGSD (Security

Agency and Group Supervision Division) to ensure that the said

rules and regulations are to be strictly being followed by the

security agencies or guards, and for the reason that the private

security agencies objectives are dealing with the following:

f) Providing security of the assets and personal belongings of

the clients

g) To serve protect the interest of the government

h) To serve or to meet the demands of the clientele

i) To adhere professionally to the conduct of the business what

prejudice and compromise to human rights and uphold

constantly the law and abide by the rules and regulations set

by the government in the conduct of the business.

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j) To maintain and upgrade the standards of efficiency of

personnel’s , with this above stated objectives, the private

security agency seeks out to ensure that a well planned and

orderly procedures and practices are being observed and

followed at all times.

If the security guard is neglected or just put to post

without the necessary equipment’s for the job, his or her job

will be jeopardized because his service to the client will

not be met and will not be satisfied with the security

services, so the agency or the guard itself will be

transferred or the client will shift to other security agency

that will meet their demands. In view to neglect of guards or

just putting the guard impost with no necessary equipment’s

suited for the job, the guard will resort to neglect of duty

or Absence Without Official Leave (AWOL), but of the guards

is being supported and put to post with the proper orientation

and training for the job with the necessary equipment’s the

guards especially the security agency will be credited for

they, the security agency have met the requirements or

satisfied their clients.

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Statement of the problem

The purpose of this study is to determine the extent of

attainment of the operational procedures of the private security

agency in our place, Baguio city.

This study sought to answer the following question:

1. What is the extent of attainment of the private security

agencies in Baguio city.

1.a. Are there significant differences in the perceived

extent of attainment of objectives of the private security agencies

in Baguio city along with the following variable: Agency, education

Attainment and length of service?

2. What is the extent of attainment of procedural practices

along the recruitment qualifications, training, qualifications and

the posting of security guards in Baguio city?

2.a. Is the significant difference in the perceived

extent of attainment of practices of the private security agencies

in Baguio city?

3. what is the degree of seriousness of the problems encounter

by the private security agencies in Baguio city?

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3.a. are there significant differences in the degree

of seriousness of the problem encountered?

Hypotheses

The following are the guide to the researcher in this study:

1. The objectives of the security agencies in Baguio city.

1.a. there are no significant difference in the extent of

attainment of objectives of the security agency of Baguio city

according to the following: agency, educational attainment, and

the length of the service.

2. The procedure practices along the recruitment qualification

are very much attained: training qualification:

2.a. There are no different in the procedural practices of

the private security agencies in Baguio city according to the

observe variables.

3. The problems encounter by the private security agencies in

Baguio city are not that serious base on the monitored variables

3.a. There are no significant differences in the degree of

seriousness of the problems encountered by the security agencies

in the province of Baguio city.

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References

Books

Davies, et. Al. (2003) Safety Management: A quality System

approach
De la Cruz Jr, e (2007) First edition: A textbook on security
and Safety Management with practices
Domingo, C. (2010) Industrial Security Management
Peckly, F. and Dulipas O. (2008) Industrial Security Management:
Review Handbook for Criminologists Licensure Examination.
Purpura, P. (2002) Security and loss prevention on induction 4th
Edition
Robinsons, (2008) Dictionary of International Security.
Manual.

Newspapers
Jogin C. Tamayo, Baguio midland courier (Baguio city,
Philippines volum LVII, NO. 23, 01/06/04.
Raul J. Palabrica, Philippine Daily Inquirer/ April 25, 2016
Liza B. Agoot, Baguio Midland Courier (baguio City, Philippines
August 30, 2018 4:53 pm

Unpublished Materials

THE EFFECTS OF WORKING CONDITIONS OF PRIVATE SECURITY GUARDS ON

SERVICE DELIVERY: CASE OF SECURE FORCE SECURITY COMPANY -

NAIROBI COUNTY By PETER L MURUNGA, [Link]. (Science)

SIXTO O. DE LEON security guard’s Manual.

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Internet Sources

Stein Web, Standard operational procedures of private security

guards Chicago, website retrieved august, 28 20018.

Retrieved

from:[Link]

/countries/asia_pacific/philippines/philippines_rules_and_r

egulations_on_the_implementation_of_the_1969_act_2005-

[Link]

[Link]

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Agencies,Retrieved September 7, 2018 from website:

[Link]

[Link]

By Stew Smith, Eleven General Orders of a Sentry, Retrieved

September 27, 2018 from website

[Link]

a-sentry-4054337
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