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The document provides information on the specifications and requirements for units used in a steam generation process. It details the main design and auxiliary units including a boiler, steam turbine, evaporator, and long term juice storage. It also includes steam flowrate and pressure requirements from the boiler and dryer. Charts provide natural gas composition and properties, humidity and mass calculations for air, and combustion calculations including flue gas analysis and heating values.

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Mustafa Mohamed
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119 views18 pages

Newone

The document provides information on the specifications and requirements for units used in a steam generation process. It details the main design and auxiliary units including a boiler, steam turbine, evaporator, and long term juice storage. It also includes steam flowrate and pressure requirements from the boiler and dryer. Charts provide natural gas composition and properties, humidity and mass calculations for air, and combustion calculations including flue gas analysis and heating values.

Uploaded by

Mustafa Mohamed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as XLSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Equipment Overview: Details main and auxiliary equipment involved in the system design.
  • Boiler and Steam Specifications: Provides detailed specifications and requirements about the boiler and steam systems.
  • Evaporator Requirements: Lists the steam requirements necessary for the evaporator operations in the system.
  • Combustion Analysis: Analyzes the composition and combustion properties of the gases used in the system.
  • Heat Transfer Calculations: Calculates various heat and flame temperature parameters relevant to the process.
  • Material Properties: Tabulates key material properties like RMM, temperature, and pressure for use in calculations.

Units within Node Main Design Auxiliary Units

P201 Boiler Economiser


Boiler Burner
Steam Turbine Blowdown Seperator
Evaporator Deaerator
HEX203
Filter
HEX301
Long Term Juice Storage
Detailed Specifiying Specifying
Valve Steam turbine
Pump before boiler Evaporator
n Seperator Scrubber
Heat exchangers (HEX203, HEX301)
Generator
Long Term Juice Storage Tanks
Filter
Steam Requirements from Boiler Steam Requirements from Dryer
Steam Flowrate (kg/hr) 140,000 Steam Flowrate (kg/hr)
Pressure (Bar) 40 Pressure (Bar)
Temperature (DegC) 350 Temperature (DegC)
Saturation Temp at 40 Bar (DegC) 250

Boiler Rating
Specific Enthalpy at 40 deg 167.62
Specific Enthalpy at 350 deg 3093.58
Duty of Steam (kJ/hr) 409,634,400
Duty of Steam (kW) 113787.3333
Boiler Efficiency (%) 80%
Natural gas (kJ/kg) 48500
Natural Gas Requirement (kg/hr) 10557.58763

Steam Output in (lb/hr) 308000


ments from Dryer Steam Requirements from Evaporator
140,000 Steam Flowrate (kg/hr) 140,000
17.5 Pressure (Bar)
250 Temperature (DegC)
Natural Gas Composition Excess Air 10.5%
Methane 94%
Ethane 6%

Basis of Gas (kmol/hr) 1.00

Dry Air Composition


N2 78%
O2 21%
Ar 1%

Properties of Components
Rmm of Air (kg/kmol) 28.96
Rmm of water (kg/kmol) 18.00

Humidity Calculations Components


Partial Pressure of Water (kPa) 1.201
Partial Pressure of Water (kg/cm2) 0.0122
Average Humidity 70%
Total Partial Pressure (kg/cm2) 0.0086
Mass fraction of Water in air (kg/kg) 0.005205133

Mass of Air Calculations


Dry Air Required (kmol/hr) 11.00
Rmm of Dry air (kg/kmol) 28.96
Mass of Dry Air (kg/hr) 318.46
Moles of Moisture (kmol/hr) 0.09
Mass of Moisture (kg/hr) 1.66
Mass of Total (Wet) Air (kg/hr) 320.12
Required for Combustion (ft3/ft3) Flue Products (ft3/ft3)
Substance Basis O2 N2 Ar Total Dry Air CO2 H2O N2 Ar O2
CH4 1.00 2.00 7.43 0.10 9.52 1.00 2.00 7.43 0.10 0.00

C2H6 1.00 3.50 13.00 0.17 16.67 2.00 3.00 13.00 0.17 0.00

0.94 1.88 6.98 0.09 8.95 0.94 1.88 6.98 0.09 0.00
0.06 0.21 0.78 0.01 1.00 0.12 0.18 0.78 0.01 0.00
Basis of Gas (kmol/hr) 1.00 2.09 7.76 0.10 9.95 1.06 2.06 7.76 0.10 0.00

10% excess air: 2.31 8.58 0.11 11.00 1.06 2.06 8.58 0.11 0.22

0.209
Total Flue Gas (kmol) Flue Gas Analysi
10.52 Wet
Flue gas
components Number of
18.17 moles
CO2 1.06
9.89 H 2O 2.15
1.09 N2 8.58
10.98 O2 0.22
Ar 0.11
12.03 12.12

Wet Flue Gas Ma

Flue gas Number of


components moles (kmol)

CO2 1.06
H 2O 2.15
N2 8.58
O2 0.22
Ar 0.11
12.12
Flue Gas Analysis
Wet Dry
(%) by Number of (%) by
volume moles volume RMM Mass Fraction
8.70% 1.06 10.60% 44 3.83
17.80% 0 0.00% 18 3.20
70.80% 8.58 86.10% 28 19.82
1.80% 0.22 2.20% 32 0.58
0.90% 0.11 1.10% 40 0.36
100.00% 9.97 100.00% 27.79

Wet Flue Gas Mass


Mass per
RMM
(%) vol Molecule of
(kg/kmol)
flue
8.70% 44 3.83
17.80% 18 3.20
70.80% 28 19.82
1.80% 32 0.58
0.90% 40 0.36
100.00% 27.79
Reactants (kmol) Products (kmol)
Natural Gas Dry Air Flue Gas
CH4 C2H6 O2 N2 Ar CO2 H2O N2 Ar O2
Stoichiometric 0.94 0.06 2.09###0.10 1.06 2.06#########
10 % Excess Air 0.94 0.06 2.31###0.11 1.06 2.06#########

Reactants (kmol) Products (kmol)


Natural Gas Dry Air Flue Gas
CH4 C2H6 O2 N2 Ar CO2 H2O N2 Ar O2
Stoichiometric 0.94 0.06 2.09###0.10 1.06 2.06#########
10 % Excess Air 0.94 0.06 2.31###0.11 1.06 2.06#########
TABLE 1.2

Combustion Constants (Part 2)


m3 per m3 of Combustible
Experimenta
Required for
Flue Products l Error in
Combustion
Heat of (±%)
Substance O2 N2 Air CO2 H2O N2
Methane 2.0 7.528 9.528 1.0 2.0 7.528 0.033
Ethane 3.5 ### ### 2.0 3.0 ### 0.030
Propane 5.0 ### ### 3.0 4.0 ### 0.023
METHOD I
Sum of Hf products (kJl) -915916.20 Heating Value Ca
Heating Values
Sum of Hf reactants (kJ) -64566.28
(MJ/kg)
Substance LHV
1 -851349.92 Methane 50.0
Delta H reaction (kJ/mol) -851.35 Ethane 47.8
Total Delta H reaction (kJ) (per mol of Natural G -851.35 Natural Gas 49.8

Delta H water vapourisation (kJ) 83806.98

Adiabatic Flame temperature (K) 2180.10


Adiabatic Flame temperature (C) 1907.10
Actual Flame temperature (C) 1888.03

METHOD II
Ratio of flue gas to fuel 19.8
Cpg (kJ/kg K) 1.11
Adiabatic Flame temperature (K) 2279.36
Adiabatic Flame temperature (C) 2006.36
Actual Flame temperature (C) 1986.30

2265.902266
Heating Value Calculation
Heating Values RMM
(MJ/kg) Volum Mass
(kg/kmol
HHV e (%) (%)
)
55.5 16.0 94% 89%
51.9 30.0 6% 11%
55.1 16.8 100% ###
Actual Flame temperature (C) 1888.03
Assumed Exit Gas Furnace Temperature (C) 1646.869
Vc - Average Specific Heat Capacity Te-Tad (kJ/kg K) 23.89
total fuel flowrate (kg/s) 2.932663
Partial Pressure of CO2 (bar) 3.49835
Partial Pressure of Water (bar) 7.09571

boltzman constant 5.67E-11

Furnace Properties Calculation


Furnace Dimensions
Ratio of Length to width 3.995902
Ratio of Length to Height 2.6
Width 2.5
Height 4
length 10
Projected Area per boiler (m2) 150
Volume of Furnace per boiler (m3) 100
fuel flowrate per boiler (kg/s) 2.932663
Number of Boilers 1

Total projected Area (m2) 150


Total projected volume (m3) 100

Furnace Heat Flux


Average Heat Flux (kW/m2) 758.5822
Average Heat Flux per boiler (kW/m2) 758.5822 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

Te/Tc Calculation
Constants for Te/Tc Equation
M, fuel firing coefficient (D boiler and gas) 0.54
beta, flame filling factor (non-luminous flame) 1
x, distance of bottom of furnace to furnace exit 0.88
ζ, zeta factor for gas 0.65
ψ, empirical factor 0.572
φ 0.99
Calculated variables for Te/Tc equation
Length of beam (m) 2.266667
K, Attenuation Factor 0.259025
ef, flame emissivity 0.444075
af, coefficient of thermal radiation 0.582727

Te/Tc 0.888405 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

Exit Gas Temperature 1646.869 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


Fixed Variables
Variables which change
Variable which will actually be changed
Yet to be determined

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


Tf Vc
RMM Pc
Tb (°C) Tc (°K) (m /mol (kg/m3) (kJ/km
3
(kg/kmol) (°C) (bar)
) ol)
1 AR ARGON 39.948 -190 -185.9 150.8 48.7 0.075 1373 6531

H2
2 WATER 18.015 0 100 647.3 221 0.056 998 ###
O
NITRO
3 N2 28.013 -210 -195.8 126.2 33.9 0.09 805 5581
GEN
OXYGE
4 O2 31.999 -219 -183 154.6 50.5 0.073 1149 6824
N
CARBO
CO N
5 44.01 -56.6 -78.5 304.2 73.8 0.094 777 ###
2 DIOXID
E
CH METHA
6 16.043 -183 -161.5 190.6 46 0.099 425 8185
4 NE
C2 ETHAN
7 30.07 -183 -88.7 305.4 48.8 0.148 548 ###
H6 E
DELHF CPVAPA CPVAPB CPVAPC CPVAPD ANTA ANTB ANTC

3.211E- 51.665E-
1 - 20.804 15.23 701 -5.84
05 09
19.238 10.555E-
2 -242 32.243 -4E-09 18.3 3,816 -46.1
E-04 06
26.796E-
3 - 31.15 -0.0136 -1E-08 15 589 -6.6
06
17.459E-
4 - 28.106 -4E-06 -1E-08 15.41 735 -6.45
06

73.436 17.153
5 -393.8 19.795 -5.6E-05 22.59 3,103 -0.16
E-03 E-09

52.126 11.974E-
6 -74.86 19.251 -1E-08 15.22 598 -7.16
E-03 06
17.811 87.127
7 -84.74 5.409 -6.94E-05 15.66 1,511 -17.2
E-02 E-10
Actual Flame temperature (C) 1888.03
Assumed Exit Gas Furnace Temperature (C) 1646.869
Vc - Average Specific Heat Capacity Te-Tad (kJ/kg K) 23.89
total fuel flowrate (kg/s) 2.932663
Partial Pressure of CO2 (bar) 3.49835
Partial Pressure of Water (bar) 7.09571

boltzman constant 5.67E-11

Furnace Properties Calculation


Furnace Dimensions
Ratio of Length to width 3.995902
Ratio of Length to Height 2.6
Width 2.5
Height 4
length 10
Projected Area per boiler (m2) 150
Volume of Furnace per boiler (m3) 100
fuel flowrate per boiler (kg/s) 2.932663
Number of Boilers 1

Total projected Area (m2) 150


Total projected volume (m3) 100

Furnace Heat Flux


Average Heat Flux (kW/m2) 758.5822
Average Heat Flux per boiler (kW/m2) 758.5822 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

Te/Tc Calculation
Constants for Te/Tc Equation
M, fuel firing coefficient (D boiler and gas) 0.54
beta, flame filling factor (non-luminous flame) 1
x, distance of bottom of furnace to furnace exit 0.88
ζ, zeta factor for gas 0.65
ψ, empirical factor 0.572
φ 0.99
Calculated variables for Te/Tc equation
Length of beam (m) 2.266667
K, Attenuation Factor 0.259025
ef, flame emissivity 0.444075
af, coefficient of thermal radiation 0.582727

Te/Tc 0.888405 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

Exit Gas Temperature 1646.869 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


Fixed Variables
Variables which change
Variable which will actually be changed
Yet to be determined

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

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