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Statistical Process Control Chart PDF

The document discusses interpreting statistical process control (SPC) charts. It explains that SPC charts show data over time, with lines connecting data points, and indicate the mean and upper and lower control limits. There are eight "Nelson rules" for identifying special variation in SPC charts, such as a single point more than 3 standard deviations from the mean, nine consecutive points on the same side of the mean, or alternating increases and decreases of 14 consecutive points. The rules help determine if a process is in or out of control.

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882 views2 pages

Statistical Process Control Chart PDF

The document discusses interpreting statistical process control (SPC) charts. It explains that SPC charts show data over time, with lines connecting data points, and indicate the mean and upper and lower control limits. There are eight "Nelson rules" for identifying special variation in SPC charts, such as a single point more than 3 standard deviations from the mean, nine consecutive points on the same side of the mean, or alternating increases and decreases of 14 consecutive points. The rules help determine if a process is in or out of control.

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param540
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Interpreting Statistical Process

Control (SPC) Charts

The main elements of an SPC chart are:


- The data itself, which is data in order over time, usually shown as distinct data points with lines between.
- The mean of the data.
- The upper and lower control limits (UCL and LCL), which are set depending on the type of SPC chart.
Usually these are 3 standard deviations from the mean.

Sometimes (and useful for interpretation) the chart will show thirds (1 and 2 standard deviations from the
mean) between the mean and the control limits.

Interpreting an SPC chart


There are 8 signs of special variation you should look for in an SPC chart:
(Nelson rules for interpretation taken from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_rules)

Rule Description Chart Example Problem Indicated


Rule 1 One point is more than 3 One sample (two shown in
standard deviations from this case) is grossly out of
the mean. control.

Rule 2 Nine (or more) points in a Some prolonged bias


row are on the same side exists.
of the mean.
Interpreting Statistical Process
Control (SPC) Charts

Rule 3 Six (or more) points in a A trend exists.


row are continually
increasing (or decreasing).

Rule 4 Fourteen (or more) points This much oscillation is


in a row alternate in beyond noise.
direction, increasing then This is directional and the
decreasing. position of the mean and
size of the standard
deviation do not affect
this rule.
Rule 5 Two (or three) out of three There is a medium
points in a row are more tendency for samples to
than 2 standard deviations be mediumly out of
from the mean in the same control.
direction. The side of the mean for
the third point is
unspecified.
Rule 6 Four (or five) out of five There is a strong tendency
points in a row are more for samples to be slightly
than 1 standard deviation out of control.
from the mean in the same The side of the mean for
direction. the fifth point is
unspecified.
Rule 7 Fifteen points in a row are With 1 standard deviation,
all within 1 standard greater variation would be
deviation of the mean on expected.
either side of the mean.

Rule 8 Eight points in a row exist Jumping from above to


with none within 1 below whilst missing the
standard deviation of the first standard deviation
mean and the points are in band is rarely random.
both directions from the
mean.

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