Prescribed by National Curriculum and Text book Board as a Textbook (Bangla version) for

Class Five from 2006, E nglish version of the book from academic year 2007.

RELIGIOUS STUDIES: ISLAM

Class Five

Written by:
Professor Muhammad Munsurur Rahman
Professor Muhammad Tamijuddin
Muhammad Nazrul Islam Khan

Edited by:
Professor A.N.M. Abdul Mannan Khan

Translated by:
A.H.M Lutfor Rahman
Shahan Sharmin

NATIONAL CURRICULUM & TEXTBOOK BOARD, DHAKA

 Published by
National Curriculum and Textbook Board
69-70, Motijheel Commercial Area, Dhaka-1000.
[All rights reserved by the publisher]
First Print (Bangla version) : September 2005
First Print (English Version) : February 2007
Reprint (English Version) : April 2009

Computer Graphics
Laser Scan Limited
15/2 Topkhana Road, BMA Bhaban.

Cover & Illustrations:

G.M.A Razzaque

Picture Coloured by
Ahmed Ullah

Printing Supervision
Shah Taslima Sultana

Design
National Curriculum and Textbook Board

Website version developed by Mars Solutions Limited

 Preface
For improving the existing quality of Primary Education in Bangladesh, National Curriculum
and Textbook Board (NCTB) in collaboration with PEDP-2 initiated an extensive program
for development of curriculum and teaching learning materials in 2002. In the light of this
program the curriculum, textbooks and other teaching learning materials of Primary levels
have been prepared, revised and evaluated.

The textbook entitled, 'Religious Studies: Islam' has been prepared on the basis of
attainable competencies for the students of Class Five. The subject matter of the textbook is
derived from the basic issues of the religion familiar to the children through their family
practices. This will facilitate our young learners to know how they can make best use of this
religious knowledge & values in their day-to-day life.

The contents of the book are analyzed and explained in such a manner with practical
examples, illustrations and system of planned activities, that students are inspired to study the
subject with a keen interest.

This book is originally published in Bangla. From this year NCTB is publishing the English
version of the textbook. English is the language of choice in today's globalized world. To
facilitate the verbal and written communication skills of our future citizens and suitably
prepare them for international competition, we decided to translate the original Bangla
textbooks into English. It's pleasant to note that the number of English medium schools in
Bangladesh is increasing very fast. In this context NCTB decided to publish all the textbooks
of Primary level in English. This was a big endeavour for us. Despite our all efforts the first
edition may not be totally error free. However, in the future editions we shall try to remove
all errors and discrepancies.

Finally, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks and gratitude to those who have made
their valuable contributions in writing, editing, evaluating and translating this book. I
sincerely hope that the book will be useful to those for whom it has been prepared.

Prof. Md. Mostafa Kamaluddin

Chairman
National Curriculum and Textbook Board
Dhaka
 CONTENTS

Lesson Page Lesson Page

Chapter-1 1 - 37 to bad works
Iman and Aqaid Honesty
Identity of Allah Ta'ala Serving the parents
Allah, the Rearer of the whole universe
The Attributive Names of Allah
Allah, the Forgiver Chapter-4 111 - 137
Allah, the Forbearer The teaching of the glorious Qur'an
Allah, the All Hearer Tajbid
Allah, the All seer Makhraj
Allah, the Almighty Waqf
Identity of the Prophets and Messengers Idgam and gunna
Akhirat Surah Al-Feel
Surah Al-Quraish
Chapter-2 38 - 90 Surah Al-Ma'un
Ibadat Surah Al-Kawshar
Salat Surah Al-Kafirun
Salatul Bitr
Salatul Janajah Chapter-5 138 - 171
Adabul Masajid Life sketches
Salatul Eid Hazrat Adam (As)
Krubani Hazrat Nuh (As)
Akika Hazrat Ibrahim (As)
Sowm Hazrat Daud (As)
Zakat Hazrat Isha (As)
Hajj Hazrat Muhammad (Sm)
Practical Du'as
Cleanliness Hamd 172

Cpater-3 91 - 110
Akhlaq or Character
Service and help to the creation
Forgiveness
Patriotism
Co-operation to good works and protest
 Chapter-1
Iman and Aqaid

Iman is an Arabic word. Its literal meaning is firm belief.

In the Islamic term, Iman is to believe firmly, in heart, the
existence and power of Allah, belief in the Day of Judgment and
admit in words all the things that Muhammad (Sm) brought
from Allah.
Allah is One, Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) is Allah's final and the
greatest Prophet. The firm belief in regard to the revealed
books, angels, Akhirat (the day of judgment), the heaven
(Jannat) and the hell (Jahannam) etc. is termed as Aqidah.
Aqaid is the plural form of Aqidah. A true Muslim is he who
expresses in words the things what he believes at heart and
transforms it into action.
A person's Iman and Aqidah must be clear to become a real
Muslim. Iman is the first and pioneer of the five foundations of
Islam. No person can become true Mu'min without having the
pure Aqidah. So, we would build up our life with the firm
determination to carry out all the aspects of Iman and Aqidah.
Allah, the Exalted is our Creator. He is One and Unique. Only
He is the Commanding Authority, Provider of all the amenities
of life and the Saviour. He has sent, at intervals, many
Messengers and Prophets in different ages to guide those who
go astray. Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) is the last Messenger of
2 Religious Studies: Islam

Allah. Allah has revealed the holy Quran for the formation of
ideal life of the mankind. The angels are always ready to carry
out the orders of Allah. Our good and bad happen at Allah's
wish. One day we all have to die. After death, Allah shall bring
us to life again. This is our life in the Akhirat.
In the field of great congregation that is Hashar, account of our
activities will be taken. After judgment heaven (Jannat) will be
given as the reward of good deeds and the evildoers would be
thrown into hell (Jahannam) as the punishment of their bad
deeds.
We would believe in Allah and His Rasul at heart. We shall
build up our life in the light of the holy Quran. This is how, as
believers, we all shall get the nearness of Allah.

Identity Of Allah Ta'Ala

Allah Ta'ala is the sole Owner of whatever there are before us and
whatever we see around us. It is He and who has created all these
things. There are so many other things what we cannot see. He has
created all those things too.

Before us, there are lots of beautiful houses and big buildings.
There are the buildings of schools, colleges, madrasas and masjids.
We see many fine metalled roads and beautiful bridges and culverts
over the rivers and canals. In the rivers there are boats, motor
launches, steamers and ferry boats. And in the streets there are
Iman and Aqaid 3

various types of transports like buses, trucks, jeeps, taxies etc. These
all have been manufactured by carpenters, masons, engineers and by
a number of skilled labourers.

In our houses, we have chairs, tables, beds, sofa-sets etc. Also there
are cloth hangers and glittering wooden or steel wardrobes. Besides
these, the electric fans, telephones, televisions, computers,
refrigerators and electric bulbs of various colours are also there in
our houses. But it is obvious that these have not been in existence by
themselves. Carpenters make wooden chairs, tables, almiras and
different types of furniture. The engineers, scientists and skilled
labourers have manufactured all these electric appliances. Without
being made by some one, none of these goods can be made
automatically if the concerned technicians do not lent their hands in
its production.

Picture 1: Natural and man made things

4 Religious Studies: Islam

We see many kinds of trees around us and the trees bear many tasty
fruits and various kinds of fragrant flowers are seen in flower
gardens. In the fields we see vast streches of green paddy fields, and
beside these green fields big and small brooks and rivers are
flowing. The canals and marshy lands are full of water with
abundant fishes of various types and colours. All these are not
created automatically. Allah has created these all. He has kept alive
all these by rearing them. We see the vast blue sky over our head. In
this sky there are moon, sun, innumerable stars, planets and
satellites. Everyday the sun rises in the east. The day dawns. Again
at the end of the day the sun sets in the west. Then night befalls and
the moon rises in the sky. All these functions of the solar system do
not happen automatically. The Almighty Allah has created these all.

Picture 2: Natural sceneries and sceneries of crops fields

Iman and Aqaid 5

How many different types of birds and animals we have in our

houses such as the hens and cocks, dogs, cats, cows, buffaloes,
goats, sheep etc. In the bushes and jungles there are jackals,
weasels, tigers, bears, deer, monkeys and so many other animals
of these types. These were not created automatically. Allah has
created all these.
The elevated sky, the vast earth, the sea, the ocean, the moon,
the sun, the planets, satellites, the animals, when observed
minutely, our mind instantly call out that none of these is
created by itself. No man also can make them. The Almighty
Allah the Great Scientist, and All powerful has created all these.
Allah has many attributive names. Among these names His one
name is Khaliq ( ) which means the Creator.
The holy Quran says: "The sky and the earth and what is
inbetween these, all are Allah's creations". (Surah As-
sajdah, Verse - 4)
Allah is the most Merciful and the most Kind. He is our Creator.
He rears us by giving sustenance. He loves us all. He has given
us life and we die at His Will.
Allah is One and second to none. He has no partner or nobody is
equal to Him. He is ever living and shall live forever. Those
who believe in these fundamental aspects of Iman and Aqida
admit this truth and work accordingly, are called Muslims. We
belong to this community. Those who are Muslims, bear nice
and pleasant character and behavior. They do not tell lies, hurt
none, nor they steal or loot the belongings of others. They do
6 Religious Studies: Islam

not indulge in any terrorism or hijacking. They respect the

parents and the teachers. They follow the right path as directed
by the Prophet (Sm). They pray to Allah alone.
They seek help from Allah when they fall in trouble saying:

"Iyyaka na'budu wa Iyyaka nastayeen."

Meaning : "Only You we pray to and we seek help from you
only".
Now, let us go home with home work.

Let us fill up the chart bellow with names of the six things
that man can make and that man cannot make:

SL No. Things that man can make Things that man

cannot make
1

6
Iman and Aqaid 7

"Allah The Rearer Of The Whole Universe"

Allah has created all that we see. And there are so many other
things which we cannot see, those are also created by Allah.
After creating these things he not only did not leave them
unguided. He also rears up them with His bounties.
He has created so many other things, we see around us, such as
the animals, beasts, birds and trees. He rears these all providing
them with food, water, light and wind. All animals, birds, shrubs
and trees live on food, but their food are not alike.
We are human beings. We eat rice, fish, meat etc. We also eat
fruits and vegetables. Whereas the birds, beasts and other
animals eat green grass and leaves of trees. They also eat small
insects and worms. On the other hand, the trees, plants and the
8 Religious Studies: Islam

shrubs cannot eat rice, fish, meat and insects. They do not have
mouths, teeth and hands like ours. They soak water through
their roots under the soil.
They consume carbon-di-oxide from the air and prepare their
food from the sunlight by their leaves. All these are their food.
We are human beings. We all breathe air (inhale and exhale).
The animals, birds and beasts also breathe air. No animal can
live without breathing air. A kind of poisonous air comes out
from our body when we exhale. This air is called carbon-di-
oxide. The trees and shrubs take this poisonous gas as their food
and they breathe out (exhale) oxygen, which we take when
breathing (inhale). No living being can survive without oxygen.
So, it is proved that man and animals are interdependent for
their survival. They help each other to sustain their lives.
What a great mercy of Allah is towards this creation! Carbon-
di-oxide acts as poison for our body but it is food for the trees.
Again, we for our survival breathe in the oxygen what the trees
breathe out. We get fruits, vegetables etc. through the trees and
plants. This way Allah rears us.
Allah, the Exalted, rears up various kinds of animals, beasts and
insects by providing various types of food. There are millions of
fishes and other animals in the canals, watery places, in the
rivers and in the deep seas. Allah provides their food by creating
soft grass and many other things underneath the water. They
live on these. Allah has proclaimed in the holy Quran saying:
"The responsibility of providing food for all the living things
on earth lies on Allah". (Surah Hud, V-6).
Iman and Aqaid 9

We know, that the other name of water is life. No living being

can survive without water. The trees, plants and the shrubs also
cannot remain alive without water. Everyday we need sufficient
quantity of water to remain alive. Allah has made a special
system for us, so that, we may meet up our requirements of
water easily and at all times as per need.
Everyday, a lot of water of the rivers, canals, seas and oceans
evaporate by the heat of the sun. This vapour floats in the open
space of the sky. Then it gradually becomes condensed and
turns into clouds. These clouds become heavy and ultimately
come down in the form of rains. Some portion of this rain water
goes down and is stored under soil and the rest portion flows to
the rivers, canals, seas and oceans. In this way water turns in to
vapour and then again into water in a cyclic order. This order is
called water cycle. We pump out water from the soil underneath

Picture: Watercycle
by using tube-well. This water does not mix with the dirt and
10 Religious Studies: Islam

dust of the soil of surface. This water is stored at the bottom of

the soil. So, this water is free from germs and it is fresh. Our
health remains good when we drink this fresh water.
In some places arsenic is found in water of the tube-wells. So,
water of these tube-wells where harmful arsenic is found should
not be used.
We also use water of the rivers, canals and ponds. We should be
careful about water remaining pure and fresh. We should not
throw any filth or waste materials in water, nor should we use
them for the purpose of attending to nature's call nor cattle
should be bathed there. Water should not be wasted. We shall
use water up to the limit of our necessity. Allah does not like the
wasteful people.
Water is the gift of Allah. His kindness is boundless. Allah, the
Exalted has kept alive the billions of people, the animals, the
birds, the insects, the trees, the shrubs, the creepers of this vast
world through the water cycle. He is rearing us by pouring
water regularly on our fields of crops Allah has proclaimed in
the Quran:
"Have you thought about the water that you drink? Do you
yourselves bring this water from the cloud or I cause it?"
(surah waqia, V. 68-69)
We can know about the greatness and kindness of Allah if we
look at a picture of water cycle and understand how He is
supplying water regularly to all of this vast earth through this
water cycle.
Iman and Aqaid 11

We have to do various types of work to lead our life. We need

strength for doing any job. Where from do we get this strength?
Yes, we get this from water and heat. We get strength from
many other sources too. The basic source of strength is the sun,
the creation of Allah. Without the heat and light of the sun
nothing survives and no living being can get strength.
Let us try to know this fact by doing an experiment in our
house. Let us keep a plant covered under a pot. After few days
we shall find on uncovering the pot that the plant has been
whitish and weak. This has happened for the plant's not getting
light. One day the plant will die if we continue to keep the plant
covered for a longer time. Man, animals, birds, trees, green

Picture: a plant deprived of the sun light and a plant kept in sun light
creepers etc. cannot live without sun-light. Allah rears all these
by the sunlight. Light, air, soil, water all these are the gifts of
Allah. He provides food for each and every animal according to
the need. He is the Giver of life to all the living beings. All of us
are alive by His grace. He is the Rearer of the vast world.
Allah has crated in the vast sky these innumerable galaxies the
stars, the moon, the sun, planets, satellites, and on the surface,
animals birds, the insects, the worms, the light and wind, the
soil, hills and mountains, the bushes, the forests and the trees.
12 Religious Studies: Islam

He has created all these for the benefit and welfare of man, the
best of His creations. He has made the whole creation bounded
for the service of man. We would enjoy all these bounties of
Allah according to His decree and command. We pay gratitude
to Allah, saying

Alhamdu Lillahi Rabbil, 'Alameen.

Meaning: All praises are due to Allah, the Lord of the Universe
Iman and Aqaid 13

The Attributive Names Of Allah, The Great

Allah is the Owner of all good qualities. He is All Merciful, All

Compassionate. He is the Creator of all. He is the Rearer of all.
He sees and hears everything. He is the Almighty. All these
names taken together are called the attributive names of Allah
or Al-Asmawul Husna. Al-Asma means the names, Al-Husna
means the Beautiful. All these are called Allah's attributive
names.

Allah has mentioned His many attributive names in the holy

Quran. We pray to Allah mentioning His many attributive
names. Allah, the Great, is the source of all good qualities. At
all times in the day and night and in all conditions we would
remember Allah's many attributive names.

Al-Asmawul Husna
Attributive Meaning Attributive Meaning
names names
Ya-Rahmanu O, the Merciful Ya-Rabbu O, the Rearer

Ya-Rahimu O, the Kind Ya-Razzaqu O, the Provider

Ya-Khaliqu O, the Creator Ya-Qadeeru O, the Almighty

Ya-Gafuru O, the Forgiving Ya-Quddusu O, the Holy

Allah's are the fairest name. Invoke Him by them.
Iman and Aqaid 15

Allah sees the acts and activities of each and every person.
He hears everything and knows all that a person thinks.
It is necessary to know about these qualities of Allah A person
cannot do any wrong if he has the firm belief in these qualities
of Allah. Such a person refrains himself from committing theft
and telling lies. He cannot involve himself in any quarrels,
terrorism or hijacking because when intending to do any wrong,
he will remember Allah and feel that Allah is watching him and
his activities.
Let us properly know Allah's qualities
And try to possess those qualities.
Mention some attributive names of Allah:

Allah Is The Forgiver

Allahu Gafurun" means Allah is the Forgiver. Forgiving and

pardoning are the most elevated qualities of Allah. While
walking on the paths of life man sometime unconsciously does
16 Religious Studies: Islam

some wrong, get involved in some bad acts, violates some of the
instructions of Allah. Even, being instigated by the cursed Satan
and being tempted by evil passion he does some wrongful and
sinful acts.
When a man becomes repentant for his offences, confesses his
guilt, sheds tears and promises that he would not do such vices
again, then he would get forgiveness of Allah, the Forgiver, the
Merciful. Allah will forgive all his offences and faults done
hitherto. It is said in the Glorious Quran:
Innallaha Gafurur Rahim

Meaning : "Verily Allah is the Forgiver, the Merciful".

Here is an example of Allah's forgiveness:
The Shahi Bukhari quotes a Hadith : A person was indifferent about
obeying Allah. Before his death he commanded his heirs to burn him and
scatter the ashes of the body in the far off hills. After his death Allah
asked him, why he willed so. He replied, "I thought, I committed so
many crimes and vices during my whole life time that you must punish
me". Allah said: It means, you believed Me in heart and feared Me too.
So, go! I have forgiven you. This way Allah will forgive innumerable
sinners out of his forgiving quality.
We shall forgive others.
Then Allah would also forgive us.
Iman and Aqaid 17

Allah Is The Forbearing

Allahu Haleemun. This means Allah is ever Forbearing,

Tolerant. Man often does many wrongs being tempted by the ill
desire of the heart. Being instigated by Satan and evil passion he
violates Allah's orders and does many vices. But Allah does not
punish him immediately. He gives him ample times for
rectifying and repentance, gives him chance to become good.
He gives him opportunities of penitence (promise not to do such
wrong again). Allah is very Tolerant. Had it been not so, He
would not have given us any chance to repent and rectify.
Rather if He would have punished then and there, we would
have got no way out to escape. Allah Himself is so Forbearing,
He likes forbearance and tolerance from His servents.

Wallahu 'Aleemun Haleem

Meaning: "Allah is the All-Knowing, the Forbearing."
Forbearance is an elevated quality. Mutual love, friendship and
sympathy grow by this great quality. Let us resolve to possess
this in our selves and cultivate it among our schoolmates. We
should not become angry with our fellow beings for any small
fault and faltering. We would keep our patience if any body
becomes angry, nor would we say anything instantly in reply.
There is every possibility of heightening the quarrel if, then and
there some retaliating step is taken. Because the normal
condition changes to abnormal when somebody comes to high
temper. Allah also does not take action instantly at somebody's
18 Religious Studies: Islam

fault. It is quite natural that man sometimes does wrong. Later

he asks for forgiveness when he realizes his mistake and then
Allah forgives him.
We shall also be patient, try to make him or her understand
about the fault. Then Insha-Allah peace will prevail. We will
also keep patience when some of our family members do some
mistake or fault. We would not become instantly angry if any
person of our locality does some wrong. There we would keep
patience. We Shall advise our younger brothers and sisters,
classmates and friends to be tolerant.

Allah Is The All Hearer

"Allahu Samee'un Means Allah is the all-Hearer. Of course we

would believe that Allah hears everything. He hears what we
say openly and also He hears what we say secretly. He knows
all that we utter in our minds. Nothing remains concealed to
Him. The Glorious Quran Says:
Innallaha Samee'un 'Aleem

Meaning : "verily Allah is the all-herer and the all-wise."

We do believe Allah hears all that we say. So we will never do
anything wrong, we will not do any conspiracy, nor would we
give bad suggestion to anybody because if we do so, Allah must
hear it then and there. Never we shall tell lies. We shall not
backbite about anybody.
Iman and Aqaid 19

Allah is so alert that He instantly hears any evil decision taken

against anybody. Allah will take us into account in the Day of
Judgement if we deny Him and His orders in this world.
Definitely He would give us punishment on that day, when
nobody will be able to save us from His punishment.

We will not vilify anybody. No bad language we will use.

Rather we would advise our younger brothers and sisters to
respect the promise.

Allah Is The All-Seer

"Allahu Baseer'un" means Allah is the All-Seer. Allah always

sees everything. Allah sees all that we do openly. He sees all
that we do secretly. Allah also sees the movement and action of
the small animals that are at the bottom of the seas and oceans.
He sees all the minerals underneath the soil and knows their
whereabouts. He also sees what we do silently in the darkness
of nights of the moonless sky. Nothing is hidden to Him.
Allah said in the quran :

Innallaha Samee'um Baseer

Meaning : "Verily Allah is the All-Hearer, the All-Seer"

Allah has ordered man to carry out His orders always and to
20 Religious Studies: Islam

refrain from doing what He forbade. There are many people in

the society who conspire in secret to harm others. They think
nobody is seeing them or knowing about them. But this thinking
is totally wrong. Allah is seeing everything and He is hearing all
sounds. Nothing is out of His knowledge.
Allah's one great order is, fasting during the month of Ramadan.
After sehri (food eaten in the last part of the night) till sunset we
have to keep ourselves without food and drinks. If some body
thinks he would eat or drink secretly and nobody will watch it
and nobody will know it, then he is mistaken. Because Allah is
everywhere and All-Seer. Nothing remains concealed from His
notice. Allah has ordered for fasting to test His servants if
actually he believes or not in the presence and power of Allah,
and for this reason Allah has made it 'Farz' (obligatory).
We believe that Allah sees everything. So we shall not do any
wrong, neither be involved in any unbecoming activity, We
shall not steal anybody's materials. We shall remain far away
from enmity and terrorism and we shall not be addicted to
smoking or any intoxicant.
Iman and Aqaid 21

Allah Is The Omnipotent

"Allahu Qadeerun" means : Allah is the Omnipotent. He is the

sole Owner of all the things of this vast universe. He is the
Master of the moon, the sun, planets, the stars, the jinn, angels,
mankind, trees, rivers, seas, oceans, hills and mountains.
Allah is the All-powerful. None can harm anybody if He wants
to do good to him and if He wants to punish anybody none is
there to save him.
He is the Giver of life to all animals, birds and all living beings
in the world. And also He is the Giver of death to all of them.
By His order the sun rises in the east daily in time. The day
starts just with the rising of the sun and only by His wish the
sun sets in the west. After sunset the night starts. By His order,
the day becomes smaller and the night bigger in a season and
only by His wish the night becomes smaller than the day and the
day becomes bigger than the night in another season.
Allah said in the Quran :
Innalaha 'ala Kulli Shai-in Qadeer

Meaning: "Verily Allah is able to do everything."

We shall totally surrender ourselves to Allah and say sincerely :
"O, Allah! You are the Owner of all power. You give power to
whomsoever you like and take away power from whom you
22 Religious Studies: Islam

want. You bestow honour to whomever You want and indignity

hatred and dishonour to whomsoever You like. And You give
abundent provisions of life to whomsoever You wish".
We would advise our younger brothers and sisters, classmates
and our neighbouring friends to repeatedly and attentively study
the above-mentioned words.

The Identity Of The Prophets

And Messengers
Allah has created man. And He has created all creations of the
skies and earth for the service and benefit of mankind. He is
rearing everything of the creation. Actually He only knows
wherein lies man's benefit and welfare. It is known to Him
which path men should follow for getting happiness and peace.
It is also known to Him how they will lead their life to be safe
from miseries and troubles. Which path will enable them to face
the worries and mental agonies it is also known to Him alone.
Allah is All-wise. Only He is aware of the past, present and
future of mankind.
Allah has sent many Prophets and messengers to show men His
approved path, so that they may get the maximum welfare. They
were the Hadi or Guide of mankind
Allah said in the glorious Quran :
Li-kulli Qaumin haadin
Meaning: "Guide has come for every nation".
Iman and Aqaid 23

The Prophets and messengers called men to the path of welfare,

peace and prosperity and also led to the path which leads to
Jannat in the life hereafter. On the other hand, they made them
know about the evil deeds, the way of life which brings misery,
discord, displeasure of Allah, leads man to crimes and sins and
ultimately leads to hell.
Prophets and messengers are Allah's beloved people. Allah
selected His messengers from among their respective
contemporary people and sent the spiritual revelations to them.
Revelations or 'Ohi' means Allah's message. Allah has used to
sent His revelations to His Prophets and messengers through the
angel Jibraeel (As). He has sent His revealed books to His
messengers. Revealed books mean the books, which were sent
by Allah containing the message of Allah, such as Tawrat,
Zabur, Injil and the Quran. Prophets and messengers are very
dear to Allah. They are infallible (free from crimes and sins).
They always remained away from sinful acts and deeds. They
are the ideal people for human beings. Their acts, behaviours,
characters all were of highest qualities. They would always
obey Allah and call men to the path approved by Allah.
The aim of life of the Prophets and Messengers had been to
make man's life all-round good and their mission was to bring
welfare to mankind and prepare them to become obedient
servants of Allah. The aim of the life of the Prophets and
Messengers was also to make men habituated to perform
religious practices as directed by Allah and make them earnest
24 Religious Studies: Islam

to carry out all the orders of Allah. The Prophets always tried to
save men from disobeying Allah and from doing all evil deeds
being instigated by the saitan. The Prophets always tried their
utmost to turn people from the path of Allah's displeasure and
from the acts in the instigation of Saitan. Often the messengers
of Allah were victims of ill behaviours and unbearable tortures
in the hands of selfish, savage and characterless people. Even
many of them became martyrs at the hand of unbelievers while
preventing people from doing improper acts. Still they
continued to call the people to the right path and never stopped
from their mission.

The aims of the teaching of the Prophets and messengers are

as follows:
1. Tawhid or (Onenes of Allah) : Allah is One. He has no
partner. Nobody is equal to Him.
2. Risalat and Nabuat : Through the Prophets and
Messengers messages of Allah had reached mankind.
3. Deen : Deen, the way of life given by Allah.
4. Akhlaq : Decent character.
5. Shari'at : Code of life which contained the teachings about
Halal and Haram (permissible and prohibited) and
applicable and non-applicable in religious points of view.
6. Akhirat : life after death.
Iman and Aqaid 25

The messengers and Prophets taught all people of different

region the above mentioned lessons.
Many Prophets were sent to the world from Adam (A) to the
great Prophet Muhammad (Sm). They invited mankind to
believe in the Oneness of Allah. They called them to obey
Allah's rules. They were the ideal men. Those responded to their
calls became Allah's beloved men. They got Allah's mercy and
blessings. And those, who did not respond to them, rather
opposed them and disobeyed them, became cursed and losers.
They will not get salvation in the life hereafter.
Hazrat Muhammad (Sm), our beloved Prophet, is the greatest
and the last Prophet. No other Prophet has come any more after
him hitherto nor any other Prophet will come till the last day.
Regarding the great Prophet (Sm) Allah said in the Quran :

Khatamun nabiyin.

Meaning : The last Prophet.

26 Religious Studies: Islam

Akhirat

We see men, animals, beasts and birds everything beside us to

die. Trees and the creepers also die at certain intervals. Insects
and worms die too after a certain period of time. Nobody and
nothing remains alive forever. Whatever has got birth in this
world has death too. Everyone will die. It is said in the Quran that:
Kullu nafsin zaiqatul mauti.
Meaning : "Every living being has to take the taste of death".

Our paternal and maternal grand fathers and grand mothers, our
parents all has died or will die at old age. After death we bathe
them and clothe them with funeral cloths. After Janaza (or
funeral prayer) we bury them. This death brings their lives to an
end to their lives. Their life hereafter starts after this death. The
life hereafter is the eternal life, which has no end. This hereafter
life is endless.
Before death no person can know how long is the span of the
(Akhirat hereafter) and how big is the next world. Only the
Prophets and messengers came to know from Allah about the
mystery of the life hereafter through wahee (or divine
revelation). We could know something about that life of Akhirat
through the messengers of Allah.
All of the Prophets from Adam (As) to Muhammad (Sm), the
last Prophet, have said about the life of Akhirat. All of them told
Iman and Aqaid 27

men to believe in the life of Akhirat.

The Prophets and the messengers of Allah proclaimed: People,
who lead their life honestly, walk on the way as instructed by
Allah, follow the ideals of the Prophets and messengers and
those who do not follow the footsteps of the Satan, all of them
will get Jannat (heaven) in the life hereafter. They will get the
salvation.
Jannat is the place of happiness and peace. There is no misery,
woe and worry in that life. But the sinners and bad and guilty
persons, who do not obey Allah in His commands and who do
not walk on the footsteps of the Prophets and messengers and
denied them, will live in Jahannam (hell). Jahannam is the place
of doom. It is a place of great agony and grief, therein is misery
and misery.
Some stages and some inportant things about the life of
Akhirat are as follows:
1. Question and answer in the grave 4. Hashar, the great congregation.
2. Punishment or comfort in the grave. 5. Meezan, the balance.
3. Qiamat, the Day of judgement. 6. Jannat or Jahannam (heaven or
hell).

We will now discuss about some of the important stages and

matters of Akhirat or the life after death.
Questions and answers in the grave

Suwal-Jawab means-questions and answers. Every one of us

28 Religious Studies: Islam

will have to face this stage of questions and answers. After

death two angels named Munkar and Nakir will make every
dead body alive by the wish of Allah. Then they ask every
newly alive person the following three questions :

First Question : Mar-rabbuka?

Meaning : Who is your Lord, the Rearer and Master?

Second question : ma deenuka?

Meaning : What is your way of life?

Third question : Showing the image of the Prophet (Sm) this

question will be asked

Man hazar-rajulu?

Meaning : Who is this person?

Our beloved and great Prophet (Sm) taught us answers of these

questions. Answer to the first question is :

Rabbiallahu.

Meaning : Allah is my Lord.

Answer to the second questions is :

Deenee al Islam.

Meaning : My way of life as approved by Allah is Islam.

Iman and Aqaid 29

Answer to the third question is :

Haja Rasulullah (Sm)
Meaning : This is the messenger of Allah
People, who followed the biddings and the prohibitions of Allah
and His messenger, would be able to answer these questions
readily and properly. They would be successful. They would get
salvation. But, those who did not obey Allah and his Rasuls,
disobey their biddings and refrain from the prohibitions, rather
followed the footsteps of the Saitan, would not be able to
answer these questions properly. They would cry aloud and say:
alas! I know nothing about all these.
Let us fill in the following table reading the question and
answers
Questions Answers

Comfort or punishment in the grave

The first stage of Akhirat or life after death is grave. Those who
led their lives following the bidding and refraining from the
prohibitions of Allah and the Prophet (Sm), refrained from the
evil ways as showed by the Saitan, would be able to answer
30 Religious Studies: Islam

properly the questions of Munkar and Nakir, the two angels.

The grave would be a place of comfort and peace for them.
Allah would make a passage between Jannat and their graves to
have close contact with the bliss of Jannat. They would feel the
peace of Jannat there.
And those who did not follow the orders of Allah and those of
His Prophets and Messengers, and who are sinners and guilty
persons, would not be able to answer the questions put to them
in the grave. The grave would be a place of great and severe
punishment for them. Their graves would be connected with the
Jahannam. They would feel the hell-punishment there.
We all always would follow the instructions of Allah and those
of the Prophet (Sm). We would never follow the path of Saitan.
We would not be sinners or guilty person committing sin or
doing bad deeds. Then we may expect that Allah would save us
from punishment in grave.

Meezan

Whatever we do or behave here in this world, the accounts of

which are written by angels are preserved by Allah. So, nothing
can remain hidden. A group of angels keep record in writing.
Every action, words, behaviours, good or bad, vice and virtue,
everything is being preserved in a written record by the angels.
This record book is called 'amal nama. The angels, who, by the
order of Allah keep record of man's obedience, words, activities
etc., are called Kiraman-Katibeen, which means the honourable
writers.
Iman and Aqaid 31

Meezan is an Arabic word. It means measuring balance. Those

dead people whose weight of virtues and works of obedience
will be heavier in Day of Judgment, would enter Jannat, the
eternal garden. And whose balance will become heavy with
vices and sins, would go to Jahannam (hell). They would be
dwellers of Jahannam.
We would never commit any sin or crime keeping in mind the
question of measuring the vice and virtues at the field of
Hashar. We will not walk on the footsteps of shaitan.
Qiamat
From studying the Glorious Quran and the Hadith we come to
know that there was a time when this earth and all that are
existing in the vast universe were not in existence. Allah has
created the sky, the earth, the moon, the sun, and the surface of
the earth and all animals including human beings, the trees and
other things by his boundless power. He sent many Prophets and
Messengers for the guidance of man. The Prophets showed
them the right path.
Forgetting Allah when man will become disobedient to Him,
even there will be none to utter His name, on that day Allah
would destroy the whole universe and all that it contains. This is
called Qiamat.
Hazrat Israfeel as, the angel in-charge of blowing the bugle, will
blow on it, by Allah's order. And then instantly the whole
creation: (the whole mankind, animals, beasts, hills and
mountains, buildings, palaces and trees, everything) will feel
32 Religious Studies: Islam

tremors of tremendous earthquake. Everything would start to

flying like scattered cotton. At last, this earth and the vast
universe will be destroyed and would turn to be one great
levelled field.
The scientists, admit the termination of the universe. This way
they admit and say that such a time will come when the sun will
become heatless and cold. The moon will lose its light. There
will be collision among the planets and satellites. Ultimately
everything including the earth will be destroyed. After the day
of resurrection, a long time after the destruction of the universe
Allah will gather all human beings in a wide field for judging
their vices and virtues. On that day all mankind will be present
before Allah. That day of last judgement is called "Yaumul
Hashr", the day of congregation. Yaum means day and Hashr
means gathering. So, "Yaumul Hashr" means Day of gathering.
All people who are born hitherto and who would be born would
gather there. All would be gathered on that ground. All would
be present before Allah.
We will have to give account of all our past deeds and
behaviours, even we will be asked about the words that we are
using and works we are doing in our worldly life.
People who led their life following the orders of Allah and
obeyed all the rituals; would get Allah's mercy on that day.
They would live there and safe.
On the other hand, those who did not accept Iman, did not do
any good work, rather walked on the footsteps of Saitan, would
fall in great danger on that day. Their sorrows will have no
Iman and Aqaid 33

bounds.
We shall believe in "Yaumul Hashr" the day of great gathering.
We shall refrain from all bad words and works, as we will have
to give account of all our words and deeds.

Jannat and Jahannam

Jannat or the heaven is the abode of eternal peace. Those people
will enter Jannat who lead their life according to the teachings
of Allah and His Prophets and Messengers, obey Allah in all
His commands and refrain from all sins and crimes. There will
be all arrangements for their peace and comfort. Delicious
foods, fragrant sweet drinks and beautiful gardens would be
provided there. There will be nice palaces beside which will be
the prattling brooks. The dwellers of Jannat will get instantly
whatever they desire. There will be no want of food or drinks,
nor would be there any unhappiness or despair, nor any misery
or pain.
On the other hand Jahannam is the place of eternal sorrow and
trouble. There will be various types of punishment in the
Jahannam.
People who did not accept Iman, violated Allah's orders,
remained involved in different kinds of sinful activities and
became followers of the Saitan, they will be dwellers of
Jahannam. Therein they will suffer forever. Jahannam is the
place of all sorrow and grief. Therein they will suffer severe
punishment.
34 Religious Studies: Islam

We shall obey command of Allah.

We shall perform rituals.
We shall refrain from all kinds of sins.
Thus we may expect Jannat in life hereafter.
We shall get rid of all sorts of miseries of Jahannam

Exercise
Subjective questions :
1. What is Iman? What do you mean by Aqaid? Discuss.
2. Briefly discuss the identity of Allah.
3. Describe what man can make and what man cannot make.
4. Who is called a Muslim? What are the acts and behaviours of
a Muslim! Discuss.
5. Who is the Rearer of the whole universe? Give description
of His rearing of the creation.
6. Whose gift is water? Describe how do we get water.
7. Who created the sun? What service is rendered by the sun to us?
8. Write Allah's five attributive names in Arabic with Bangla
meaning.
Iman and Aqaid 35

9. Explain the special quality of Allah: "Allah is the Forgiving"

10. Explain the caption: "Allah is the Almighty"
11. What had been the goal of the life of the Prophets?
12. What are the fundamental things of the Prophet's teachings?
13. Write the important things of the life after death?
[Link] about what you know regarding questions and
answers in the qabr (grave).
15. Give the description of Jannat and Jahannam.
Objective Questions:
Give tick mark (
) on the right answer:
1. Which one man can make?
(a) the planets and stars (b) the animals
(c) chair-table (d) fruits
2. On whose wish our birth and death happen?
(a) man's (b) Prophet's
(c) Allah's (d) wise person's
3. What do we take when breathing?
(a) carbon-di-oxide (b) water
(c) oxygen (d) food
4. What is the other name of water?
(a) Sharbat (cold drink) (b) life
(c) river (d) the sea
36 Religious Studies: Islam

5. Who is the Rearer of the whole universe?

(a) man (b) scientist
(c) Allah (d) mu'min (believing) person
6. What do you mean by Asmawul Husna?
(a) man's qualities (b) the sky
(c) qualities of the animals (d) Allah's attributive names
7. What do you mean by the word : 'Khaalique'?
(a) Rearer (b) Creator
(c) Provider (d) Kind
8. What is the meaning of the word : 'Baseerun'?
(a) Allah, the all-Hearer (b) Allah, the Forbearing
(c) Allah, the all-Seer (d) Allah, the almighty.
9. What is the meaning of the word : 'Qadeerun'?
(a) Allah, the All-seer (b) Allah, the all Hearer
(c) Allah, the Creator (d) Allah, the Almighty
10. Who is the last and concluding Prophet?
(a) Hazrat Ibrahim (A) (b) Hazrat 'Isa (A)
(c) Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) (d) Hazrat Musa (A)
Iman and Aqaid 37

11. Who used to bring Allah's revelations to the Prophets?

(a) Hazrat Adam (As) (b) Hazrat Jibraeel (As)
(c) Hazrat Ibrahim (As) (d) Hazrat Israfeel (As)
12. Which is the eternal happy abode?
(a) Own house (b) grave
(c) Jahannam (d) Jannat
13. Which is the eternal place of doom?
(a) The forests (b) The rivers
(c) The markets (d) The hell.
 Chapter-2
Ibadat

Ibadat is an Arabic word. Ibadat means to abide by the orders of

Allah. To obey the orders of Allah and not to do the things
prohibited by Allah is called Ibadat. Our duty is to carry out His
order and to worship him. Human beings are his servants. Allah
is the only one to be worshipped by men. As the servants of
Allah, whatever they do for gaining His satisfaction is called
Ibadat.
When we talk to each other, we shall not tell lies. We shall not
speak ill of others. Allah has instructed us not to tell lies and not
to speak ill of others. We shall always speak the truth and right.
Allah has ordered us to speak the truth and right. We deal in
Ibadat 39

money with people. We buy and sell goods in the market. We

live with our parents and brothers and sisters at our home. If we
abide by the rules of Almighty Allah, in all these activities then
it will be counted that our whole life is spent in performing
Ibadat (to follow the orders of Allah). Even our eating,
movements, sleeping, awakening, and conversation all these
things are included in Ibadat. The aim of Islam is to prepare
human beings as the servants. who are accustomed to Ibadat.
With this in view some Ibadats have been made compulsory.
These are -Iman (Belief), Salat (Prayer) Saom (Fasting), Zakat
(Charity) and Hajj (Pilgrimage). Besides these there are many
Wajib, Sunnat and Nafal Ibadats.
If we worship, Allah becomes satisfied with His servants. He
gives him happiness and peace in the world and in Akhirat (the
world after death) He will bless him with eternal happiness and
peace. But if we do not worship He is dissatisfied with his
servants. He will punish him with severely. So, for our own
happiness and peace, we should worship Allah.
Hazrat Muhammad (sm) is the last Prophet (sm) of Allah. Allah
has revealed the Holy Quran to him. Allah has described clearly
in the Holy Quran the things He is satisfied with and the things
He is dissatisfied. According to the Holy Quran's instructions
Hazrat Muhammad (sm) has shown us the right path. Our duty
is to walk on the way shown by the Prophet (sm), to lead our
life according to his instructions. If we follow the rules, given
by Allah and the Prophet (sm), then we shall attain the peace in
this world and in the life after death (Akhirat).
40 Religious Studies: Islam

Salat

Islam is based on five Rukons. Rukon means pillar They are :

Iman Salat Zakat SAOM Hajj

The place of Salat is next to Iman and second pillar of Islam.

Salat is an Arabic word. Salat is called Namaz in Persian
language. Salat is the greatest Ibadat. The importance and fazilat
of Salat are of the most significance.
Importance:
The greatest Ibadat is Salat. After getting up from sleep at Fazr
trime a Muslim first of all becomes purified and clean. Then he
appears before Almighty Allah. Before Him they bow, and do
the sizda, accepting His obedience. They seek help from Him.
They pray for His satisfaction again and again. They plea to
Him for the relief from His punishment. In this way he begins
his day. After some hours, comes Zohr, Asar, Magrib and Isha
consecutively.
Ibadat 41

Afterwards we perform Salatul Vitr. At the last Rakat of this

Salat we pray like this "O Allah! We only worship you, we
perform Salat only for you, and we only bow our head to you.
All our endeavours, hardships are for your satisfaction only.
Salat reinforeces the foundation of good deeds of Muslims. It
refreshes their Iman (belief). The upliftment of soul and the
correction of our actions depend on Salat.
Merits (Fazilat) of Salat:
One day the great Prophet (sm) said to his Sahabies
(companions): Suppose, there is a river in front of some body's
house from you. He, who baths five times a day in that river, is
it possible to have any filth in his body? Sahabies said, no, there
cannot be any dirt. Then the Prophet (sm) said, similarly, if any
servant of Allah performs his prayer five times a day, he can not
have any vice. The great Prophet (sm) said:
(Assalatu Miftahul Jannati).
Meaning: Salat is the key to heaven.
Salat is the most important of all the Ibadats. It is (Farz)
compulsory for all the Muslims to perform Salat. Salat can not
be given up under any circumstances; Salat has to be performed
very attentively. It is not proper to look to and fro after starting
Salat.
The Great Prophet (sm) sought the help from Allah through
Salat if he faced any trouble. Allah used to remove away his
troubles and dangers. We shall also seek help to Allah through
Salat. Allah will remove away our danger and difficulties.
42 Religious Studies: Islam

The Rules of Performing Salat:

When it is time for Salat we shall wear pure and clean clothes,
we shall perform wadu (ablution). We shall stand facing the
Quibla in neat and clean place.
 After saying the Niyat of salat silently
we Shall say "Allahu Akbar".

 We shall raise our two hands,

up to the ears at the same time.

 The girls will raise their hands

up to the shoulder.

 We shall bind our hands on

the naval saying "Allahu Akbar".

 The girls, will bind the

hands on the chest.
 The rules of binding hands:
We shall place the palm of the
left hand on the navel. We shall
hold the wrist of the left hand
with little and thumb fingers,
placing the palm of the right
hand on the back of the left
hand. We shall spread the ring
finger, middle finger and fore
finger on the wrist of left hand.
Only the girls will placethe right
hand on the left hand.
Ibadat 43

The Dua-kalams are to be recited in Salat:

Sana, Tasbih, Tashahhud, Darud, Dua Masura. These are very
important. We shall memorize these.
Sana:
Subhanaka Allahumma Wa Bihamdika

Wa Tabarakasmuka,Wa Ta'ala

Jadduka, Wa La Ilaha Gairuka

Meaning: "Oh Allah! I am describing only your holiness and all

the praises are only for you. Your name is full of abundance and
bounty. Your honor is at the highest position. There is none to
be worshipped except you".
Then we shall recite sura Fatiha after saying Auzubillah and
Bismillah. We shall say "Ameen" after reciting Sura Fatiha. It is
Faraz to recite a part from the Holy Quran in Salat. We shall
recite any other Sura or a part of any other sura after saying
"Bismillah". Then we shall go to Ruku after saying 'Allahu
Akbar'. We shall say "Subhana Rabbial Azeem" at least three
times.
The Rules of going to Ruku:
Being straight normally we shall bow down our head. We shall
place two hands on knees so that the head, backside and waist
remain in one line. We shall keep our elbows in a gap from our
rib. The girls will join together the heel of the left foot with the
44 Religious Studies: Islam

heel of right foot. Then we shall place the fingers jointly on the
two knees bowing down the head, and we shall keep the elbow
with the ribs. We shall bend the head as far as the hands reach
upto the knees. After the completion of the Ruku, we shall stand
straight raising the head uttering 'Samiallahu Liman Hamidah".
Then we shall say "Rabbbana Lakal Hamd" at the standing
position. Then we shall go to Sijdah saying Allahu Akbar

The Rule of Sijdah :

At first we shall place two knees on the floor. Then we shall
place two palms of hands on the floor. After that we shall place
the nose and the forehead on the floor putting our head between
two hands. During the time of sijdah we shall place the fingers
of two hands touching together towards Quibla. We shall place
the toe on the floor of two legs facing Quibla. We shall place
both of the legs touching each other and the feet will remain
straight.
The girls will not keep the feet straight. The girls will sit on the
floor letting both of the feet outwards to the right side,
spreading on the floor.
Ibadat 45

We shall keep our head at sufficient distance from the knees at

the time of sijadah. We shall not attach the upper part of the
wrist to the floor. We shall keep legs apart from the thigh. The
girls will go to sijda joining the whole body together. We shall
keep the head as much near the knees as possible.
We shall keep the leg joined together with the thigh and keep
the arm joined with the ribs. We shall say "Subhana Rabbial
Aa'la" for three times in sijdah.

After that we shall sit straight saying "Allahu Akbar" We shall

place two hands on two knees. Then we shall say
"Allahummug Firlee Warhamnee Wahdinee Wa Afinee
Warzuknee. After this we shall go to second sijda saying
"Allahu Akbar" and recite the Tasbih of sijda. We shall stand
straight saying "Allahu Akbar" completing sijda, in this way.
Here the first Rakat ends.
46 Religious Studies: Islam

Now the second Rakat starts. We shall recite sura Fatiha saying
" Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem" After this we shall recite any
other sura or some part of any other sura. Then like the first
Rakat, we shall sit still after Ruku and Sijda. In this way the
second Rakat ends.
When we shall raise our head from the second sijda of the
second Rakat, then we shall sit over left leg. We shall keep erect
the toe of the right leg facing Quibla.
The girls will sit on the floor letting both of their legs towards
right side. Then we shall spread the plams of the two hands
jointly on the thighs. We shall recite "Attahiyyatu" attentively
sitting in this way.
If the Salat is of three or four Rakats then we shall stand straight
saying Allahu Akbar after the recitation upto Abduhu Wa
Rasuluhu. Then we shall complete third and fourth Rakat like
before.
But we shall recite any other sura with Sura Fatiha in third and
fourth Nafal, Sunnat and Wajib Salat and we shall not recite any
other sura with Sura Fatiha in third and fourth Rakat of Faraz
Salat.
Ibadat 47

We shall be sitted again completing third and fourth Rakat.

Then we shall recite Darud after reciting "Attahiyyatu". Then
we shall recite Dua Masura. We shall finish Salat after saying
Salam to right and left side.
Tashahhud:
Attahiyyatu Lillahi Was-Salawatu
Wat-Tayyibatu.
Assalamu Alaika, AyyuhanNabiyyu

Wa Rahmatullahi Wa Barakatuhu.
Assalamu Alaina.
Wa Ala, Ibadillahis Saliheen.

Ash-hadu Al-La Ilaha Illallahu Wa

Ashhadu.

Anna Muhammadan Abduhu Wa

Rasuluhu.

Meaning: All good wishes and Salutation, and all kind of

Prayer and Holiness are for Allah. O Prophet (sm) Salutation to
you, let the mercy and abundance be on you. Peace be on us and
on the other virtuous servants of Allah. I declare that there is
none to be worshipped but Allah and Muhammad (sm) is the
servant and Rasul of Allah.
We shall recite Darud after Tashahhud.
48 Religious Studies: Islam

Darud
Allahumma Salli Ala Muhammadiun
Wa'Ala Ali

Muhammadin kama Sallaita Ala

Ibraheema

Wa Ala. Ali Ibrahima Innaka

Hamidum

Majeed. Allahumma Barik Ala

Muhammadiun

Wa Ala Ali Muhammadun kama

Barakta

Ala Ibraheema Wa Ala Ali

Ibraheema

Innaka Hamidum Majeed.

Meaning: O' Allah! Let your blessing come upon Hazrat

Muhammad (sm) and his family members as you blessed
Ibrahim and his family members. Certainly you are the most
praiseworthy and Glorious. O' Allah bless Muhammad (sm)
and the family of Muhammad(sm) as you blessed Ibrahim and
his family. Certainly you are very much Praiseworthy and
Glorious.
We shall recite Dua Masura after Darud.
Ibadat 49

Dua Masura:
Allahumma Innee Zalamtu Nafsee
Zulman Kaseeraon
Wala lagfiruz Zunuba Illa Anta

Fagfirlee Magfiratam Min Indika

Warhamnee Innaka Antal,

Gafurur Raheem.

Meaning: O' Allah! I have tormented myself much. There is

none but you to forgive the sins. Therefore you forgive all of my
sins. And have pity on me! Certainly you are the Great Forgiver
and Benevolent.
We shall say at first 'Assalamu Alaikum Wa Rahmatullah' to
right and then to the left after reciting Dua Masura. Thus the
Salat of two Rakats will be completed.
We shall recite only Tashhahud after the second Rakat in the
Salat of three Rakats. Then we shall stand straight saying Allahu
Akbar for the third Rakat. Then we shall recite sura Fatiha only
saying 'Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem' without any other sura.
Then we shall go to sijda like before. We shall recite.
Tashhahud, Darud and Dua Masura sitting still after the Sijda,
then we shall complete the salat saying salam to the right and
left.
We shall recite only 'Tashahhud' after four Rakats, in the Salat
50 Religious Studies: Islam

of four Rakats. Afterwards, we shall stand up saying 'Allahu

Akbar' for the third Rakat. Then we shall go to Ruku Sijda after
reciting only Sura Fatiha, saying "Bismillahir Rahmanir
Raheem" like before. We shall stand straight for the fourth
Rakat, saying 'Allahu Akbar'.
We shall sit down after doing Ruku Sijda reciting only sura
Fatiha after saying 'Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem' Then we
shall complete Salat saying Salam to right and left after the
recitation of 'Tashahhud, Darud and Dua Masura. We shall
recite any other sura or a part of a sura with sura Fatiha in the
third and fourth Rakat of Wajib, Sunnat and Nafal Salat.
Salat For Traveller:
If anybody intends to travel to a place having the distance of 48
miles. or about 80 kms then he is called a musafir or a traveller.
A musafir will say two Rakat Prayer (Salat) during Zohr, Asar
and Isha instead of four Rakats. In case of inconvenience
excepting the Sunnats of Fazr, other Sunnat salats can be left
out. This is permissable and will not cause any transgression of
rules.
If the traveller performs the Salats of Zohr, Asar, Isha, each in
four Rakats wilfully the state of being a musafir then it will be
transgression of rules.
The Ahkams of Salat (Conditions):
Some activities are compulsory (faraz) in Salat. These must be
Ibadat 51

performed. Salat will not be perfect if any one of these is left

out. These activities are divided into two sections. Some of the
activities should be done before beginning the salat. Some
should be done within salat.
Farz or compulsory activitics that should be done before starting
salat, are known as Ahkam of Salat (conditions). They are seven
in number.

1. Purity of body/ physical 2. Purity of clothes 3. Cleanliness of the place

cleanliness
of Salat
5. To face the Quibla 6. Waqt or fixed time for
4. Covering sater
each Salat.

7. Niyat or intention
of Salat.

If it is necessary to purify the body, we shall take bath. We shall

perform wadu (ablution), if necessary. The clothes we wear
must be clean, during salat. The place where we shall say our
prayer must be clean.

Covering the satr Meaning covering the body from the naval
area below the knees for men. For women it Means covering the
whole body excepting the face, wrist of the hands and the feet.

Facing the Quibla Means to perform Salat facing the direction

of ka'ba Sharif. Ka'ba sharif is at the west direction from our
52 Religious Studies: Islam

country. So we shall say our prayer facing west [Link]

Meaning making wish or intention for doing some thing. The
Niyat should be done for each and every salat at the time of
Takbir Tahrima.

While performing Fazr's two rakat of Farz Salat we have to utter

silently " I have made niyat for the sake of Allah to perform two
Farz rakats of Fajar Salat.

Each Salat has its fixed time. Allah has instructed us to perform
Salat according to fixed time. Therefore, we shall perform Salat
in proper time.
Arkans Of Salat
Farz activities that should be done in the midst of Salat, are
known as Arkan of Salat. They are seven altogether:

1. Starting Salat saying Takbir Tahrima or Allahu Akbar.

2. Saying Prayers in standing position. Both the male and

female should say their prayer in the standing position. But
if it is not possible for somebody to say prayers in this way,
then they can do it by sitting. If some body is unable to sit,
then he can say prayers by gestures in the lying prostate
position.

3. Quirat or reciting a part from the Holy Quran.

Ibadat 53

4. To go to Raku.
5. To bend for Sizdah
6. To sit on the last sitting position
7. Salat is finished lastly with Salam.
We shall perform Salat very carefully. We should be careful
about the Farazes, that none of them is dropped. Because
without performing Faraz, Salat will not be completed. In this
circumstance Salat would have to be performed again.

Wajib of Salat
Wajib Meaning bounden duties. The place of Wajib is
immediate after the Farz. There are some Wajibs (bounden
duties) within Salat. Salat will not be performed completely if
any one Wajib is dropped out wilfully by somebody. The
Wajibs of Salat:
1) Recitation of Sura Fatiha.
2) Recitation of another Sura or a part of the Holy Quran
along with Sura Fatiha.
3) Standing being straight after Ruku.
4) Sitting straight between two Sijdas.
5) Reciting Tashhahud after second Rakat within Salat with
three or four Rakats.
6) Reciting Tashahhud at the last sitting of Salat.
54 Religious Studies: Islam

7) In first two Rakats of Magrib and Isha Salat and in Salats

of Fazr, Jumma and two Eids Imam is to recite Quran
loudly. And in other Salats silently.
8) To Recite Dua Kunut in Bitr Salat.
9) To say additional six Takbirs in Salats of two Eids.
10) To stay in Ruku and Sijda at least for one Tasbih.
11) If any Wajib is dropped forgetfully, to go to Sahu Sijda.
12) To finish Salat saying Assalamu Alaikum Wa
Rahmatullah.
13) To maintain the consequisitiveness while of Farz and
Wajibs of Salat are performed.

Some Additional Words Regarding Salat

The person who does not know the duas and kalams of Salat, he will
say "Subhanallah" or "Allahu Akbar" in every place of Salat. Salat
will be deemed to have been performed by this. At the same time he
will be learning Sura, kerat, dua, Darud, Tasbih etc.

Two main reasons of Salat not being performed: It will not be

treated as Salat if semebody instead of Standing straight ralther goes
to sijda after the ruku by raising his head a little. In that case Salat
shall have to be performed again.

One has to sit straight between two sijdahs. It will not be treated as
Salat if one goes to second sijdah by raiseding head a bit, without
Ibadat 55

sitting straight. Then Salat will have to be performed again.

Yawning and coughing in Salat: The lips should be locked as
far as possible if Yawning occurs. If it is not possible to stop
then it should be stopped with the back side of the right hand in
the standing position, and with the back side of the left hand, in
sitting position.
If there is any irritation in throat or the throat is about to choke
then we have to try not to cough. If it is not possible at all then
we have to cough very slowly. We shall not cough loudly or
shall not clear our throat noisily.
In which situation Salat will be dropped: If there is call from
parents, grand mothers grand fathers falling in danger, then it is
wajib to attend them dropping even Farz Salat. If they are sick
and fall down slipping their feet during the time of going out at
nature's call and call out in trembling voice; then one ought to
help them dropping the Salat. After that Salat is to be performed
agin.
Sahu Sijdah
Sahu Meaning mistake. If any mistake takes place in Salat then
the sijdah which is offered for correcting that mistake is called
Sijdah sahu.
We have learnt before that Salat is not performed if any one of
wajib is dropped wilfally. This Salat is to be performed again.
But if any wajib is dropped by mistake then there is way to
make corrections. This way is called Sijdah Sahu.
56 Religious Studies: Islam

The rule of performing Sijdah Sahu: We will recite

Tashhahhud at the last Rakat of Salat. Then we shall go to two
Sijdahs after Salam only to right side saying 'Allahu Akbar'. After
that we shall recite again Tashhahhud , Darud and Dua Masura.
Then we shall complete the Salat saying Salam to the right and
the left side.

Salatul Bitr

Bitr Meaning Salat with uneven Rakats. Bitr Salat is consisted

of two Rakats. Three is an odd number. So this Salat is called
Bitr Salat. Bitr Salat is wajib. Everyone must perform this Salat.
The time of Bitr is after the Isha Salat upto the time before the
beginning Fazr Salat. In the month of Ramadan Bitr Salat is to
be performed after Isha and Tarabee Salat.
The Rules of Performing Bitr?
Like other Salats we shall say Niyat, Takbir Tahrima and Sana n
vitr salat also. We shall recite sura Fatiha along with another
Sura. In first and second Rakat we shall stand straight from
sitting after two Rakats saying only Tashhahhud. We shall recite
Sura Fatiha along with another Sura at third Rakat. Then we
shall raise both of our hands saying 'Allahu Akbar' upto the ears
without going to Ruku. Then we shall bind our hands [Link]
shall recite Dua Kunut in this position. We shall go to Ruku
Ibadat 57

after saying 'Allahu Akbar' after rhe recitation of Dua Kunut.

We shall sit, doing Sijda after the Ruku. Then we shall recite
Tashahhhud, Darud, Dua Masura. Then we shall complete Salat
saying Salam.

Dua Kunut
Allahumma Inna Nasta'inuka,
Wa Nastagfiruka, Wa Nu'minubika.
Wa Natawakkalu Alika, Wa Nusni
Alaikal Khaira, Wa Nashkuruka
Wala Nakfuruka, Wa Nakhlau,
wa Natruku
Mai Iafjuruka, Allahumma Iaaka
Na' budu Wa Laka Nusalli
Wa Nasjudu
Wa Ilaika Nas'a Wa Nahfidu
Wa Narju Rahmataka Wa Nakhsha
Azabaka. Inna Azabaka
Bil kuffari Mulhik.

Meaning : Oh Allah! We seek help from you. We pray to you only

for forgiveness. We have brought belief on you. We depend on you
only. We praise most you only. We express our gratitude. We do not
deny your bounties. We shun those who behave indecent with you.
Oh Allah! We worship you only. We perform Salat addressing you
58 Religious Studies: Islam

only. And we do Sijdah only to you. All of our endeavours,

meditation and hardships are only for your satisfaction. We
suffer hardships only in the hope of gaining your mercy. We are
afraid of your severe punishment. Certainly, only idolaters will
be thrown in to severe punishment.

The Salat Of Janaza

The Salat performed as a prayer (Dua) for the dead person, is

called Salatul Janaza or Salat of Janaza. The Salat of Janaza is
Farz-e-kefaia.
When somebody dies, the living persons have so many duties to
him. Such as bathing and wrapping up the dead body with burial
cloth, quickly and preforming the Salat of Janaza, then taking
the necessary steps for burial.
The Rules of Performing the Salat of Janaza:
There is no Ruku-Sijdah in Salat of Janaza. It is performed
standing in congregation saying 'Allahu Akbar'for four times.
The Imam will stand keeping the dead body in front of him in
such a way that the dead body's chest will be directly in front of
Imam. The Muktadirs will stand in rows at the behind of the
Imam.
We shall make Niyyat, 'I am peforming Janaza Salat for the
Ibadat 59

sake of Allah with four Takbirs for praying for this dead man.
Afterwards we shall raise our two hands upto the ears saying
Allahu Akbar. Then we shall bind our hands on naval area in
Salat like Tahrima.
Then we shall say Sana, "Subhanaka Allahumma Wa Bihamdika Wa
Tabarakasmuka Wa Ta'ala Jadduka Wa Jalla Sanauka Wa La Ilaha
Gairuka."
Immediately after saying Sana we shall say Allahu Akbar for second
time and recite Darud with the Imam. Then we shall say Allahu
Akbar with the Imam for the third time in hand binding position and
recite the Dua given below :
Allahummagfir Lihaiena Wa
Mayyitina, Wa Shahidina, Wa
Gaibina,
Wa Sageerina, Wa kabeerina, Wa
Zakarina, Wa Unsana. Allahumma
Man
Ahyaitahu Minna Fa Ahihee Alal
Islam, Wa Man Tawaffaitahu
Minna

Fatawaffahu Alal Iman.

Meaning: Oh Allah! Forgive all of us who are living and dead,

60 Religious Studies: Islam

present and absent, younger and elder, male and female. Oh

Allah Keep us upon Islam whom you keep alive, and whom you
give death, give it with believe (Iman).
After reciting this Dua, we shall say Allahu Albar with the Iman
for the fourth time in the hand binding position. Then we shall
say Salam to the right and left side with hand binding position.
Then we shall complete the Janaza Salat making hands free.
Burial
As the bath of the dead person is Farz-e-kefaia, similarly burial
is also Farz-e-kefaia. Immediately after the Salat of Janaza is
finished the dead body will be taken to grave. We shall say at
the time of lying the dead body in grave:

Bismillahi Wa Ala Millati Rasulillah.

Meaning: "We are placing, upon the name of Allah and Deen
(religion) of Rasulullah (Sm)."
During the time of burial it is Mustahab for all of the present
ones to give three handfuls of soil in the grave. The following is
to be said at the time of giving the first handful-

Minha Khalaqnakum

Meaning: "I have created you with this soil,"

Ibadat 61

Wa Fiha Nuidukum

Meaning: "I shall bring you back again within this soil."

It is to be said at the time of giving the third handul-

Wa Minha Nukhrijukum Taratan Ukhra

Meaning: 'I shall bring you out again from this soil.''
62 Religious Studies: Islam

The Etiquetts Of The Mosque

The meaning of the word Masjid is the place for Sijdah. The place
where the Muslims perform their Salat for five times with
congregation is called Mosque. Salat can be performed at home or at
any other places. But twenty seven times more rewards can be
gained if Salat is performed in congregation at the Mosque.
Mosque is the most favourite place to Allah on earth. Mosque is the
house of Allah. Those who perform Salat at the Mosque, are guests
of Allah. Allah loves them very much. They are very much dear to
Allah.
People are invited for Salat through Azan. Azan is announced for
five times from the Mosque for performing Salat. So we shall go to
the Mosque, whenever we listen to the Azan and we shall perform
Salat with congregation.
Ibadat 63

We can meet our neighbours five times a day if we perform Salat at

the Mosque. In this way friendship is built up with each other. If
anybody falls in difficulty, others get informed. They can help
him. So, we shall perform Salat at Mosque.
There are innumerable mosques in this world. The number of
the mosques in Bangladesh is more than two lacs. The three
most dignified mosques are, Mashjid -e-Haram (the ka'ba),
Masjid-e-Nababi and Masjid -ul- Aksa.

The holy Ka'ba

There are some etiquettes of the mosque Such as:
1. Entering the Mosque neat and clean.
2. Saying the prayer mentioned below at the time of entering the
mosque.
Allahummuf Tahlee Abwaba Rahmatika.
Meaning: "Oh Allah! Open your door of bounties for me".
3. To sit in a vacant place, entering the mosque without giving
64 Religious Studies: Islam

trouble to any body.

4. To sit in front place if it is vacant. It is violation of the
etiquette of the mosque to tell some one else to go to the
front without going by one'sself.
5. Not uttering any unnecessary words inside the Mosque.
6. Not to go to the front crossing other people
7. Not to make a noise. Speaking in a low voice.
8. Not to make any movement in front of a Musalli who is
performing Salat.
9. Saying the dua given below when coming out of the
Mosque-
Allahumma Innee Asaluka Min Fadlika
Meaning: "Oh Allah, I am seeking your grace".

Masjid-e- Nababi
Ibadat 65

The mosque is built mainly for performing Salat. But the

mosque can be used as the school for the basic religious
education. The meeting sitting for religious discussions can be
held up here. The great Prophet (sm) and his Khalifas
administered the state sitting at the mosque. Our dear Prophet
(sm) and his companions performed Salat facing the Masjidul
Aksa. So, Masjidul Aksa is called the first Quibla. After wards
there was an instruction came in one day's Salat to change
Quibla and that the very Salat was finished facing the holy
ka'ba. Masjidul Aksa is situated in Jerusalem.

Masjidul Aksa
We have learnt about the etiqetts of the mosque in this lesson.
Now we make a list of the etiquetts of the mosque in the grid
below :
66 Religious Studies: Islam

The Salat Of Eid

Eid means joy or festival. The great Prophet (sm) said , each
nation has their own festival. Our festival is Eid. There are two
Eids in a year. They are Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Azha. These two
are our national festivals.

Eid-ul-Fitr

We have learnt previously that Eid means joy. And Fitr means
to break, to discontince. Therefore Eid-ul-Fitr means the joy for
breaking the Roza (fasting). Eid-ul-Fitr is celebrated with joy
and festivities on the first day of the month of Shawal following
the month of Ramadan by not fasting that day after fasting
throughout the Ramadan with much difficulties. The great
Prophet (sm) said, the most gracious Allah forgives all the vices
of the fasting servants in the day of Eid-ul-Fitr. What can be of
more pleasure than this?
Our joy knows no bound on the day of Eid-ul-Fitr. We take
good food and drinks in a happy mood. We entertain relatives
and neighbours. We offer fitra to the poor, so they do not have
any want also. In this way the rich and the poor can share the
joy. It is wajib to do two things on the Eid day. One is giving
fitra and the other is performing the Salat of Eid.
Ibadat 67

The Salat of Eid is of two Rakats. The time for this Salat is the
time after the sunrise up to the period of the sun's reaching over
head.
We shall give fitra according to the rules and perform the Salat
of Eid timely. There are some Sunnats on Eid day Such as:
1. To have bath.
2. To eat something on the day of Eid-ul-Fitr before the Salat of
Eid. And to eat after the Salat of Eid and the Qurbani on the
day of Eid-ul-Azha.
3. To give away fitra before the Salat of Eid-ul-Fitr.
4. To perform the Salat of Eid at Eidgah.
5. To say Takbir during the time of goin to Eidgah.

Allahu Akbar Allahu Akbar, La Ilaha

Illallhu Wallahu Akbar, Allahu

Akbar Wa Lillahil Hamd.

We will certainly perform these Sunnats.

The Rules of Performing Salat of Eid :
The rules of the Salats of Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Azha are the
same. At first we shell stand behind the Imam, in rows. Then we
shall have Niyyat saying this. "I am performing two rakat wajib
68 Religious Studies: Islam

Salat of Eid-ul-Fitr with six takbirs facing quibla behind the

Imam." And we shall say for Eid-ul-Azha- "I am performing
two rakat wajib Salat facing quibla with six takbirs behind the
Imam"
After having the Niyyat we shall say Allahu Akbar and raise
both of our hands upto the ears. Then we shall recite Sana after
binding Tahrima. Immediately after reciting the sana we shall
say additional Takbirs thrice with the Imam. We shall raise our
hands upto the ears thrice.
For the first and second time we shall make our hands free, for
the first and second time not binding them saying Tahrima. We
shall bind our hands after saying Takbir for the third time. Then
the Imam will recite sura Fatiha and any other Sura. We shall go
to Ruku and Sijda with the Imam. We shall stand up erect after
that. The Imam will recite Sura Fatiha and any other sura at the
second Rakat also. Then we shall also say with the Imam
additional Takbir for three times. We shall make our hands free
for the three times after raising hands upto the ears not binding
them. For the fourth time we shall go to Ruku saying Takbir
with the Imam. After that we shall recite Tashahhud, Darud and
Dua Musura being sitted after Sijda. Then we shall complete
Salat saying Salam with the Imam.

The Imam will deliver khutba after the completion of Salat. We

shall listen to the khutba. Then we all shall have Munajat with
the Imam.
Ibadat 69

Eid-ul-Azha :
Eid means joy. And Azha means sacrifice (Qurbani). Eid-ul Azha
means the joy of sacrifice. The great Prophet (Sm) said- "He who
will sacrifice happily, will get rid of the fire of the hell" (Jahannam).
Further he said "You will get a reward in exchange of each hair of
the animals of Qurbani." So, we shall sacrifice with pleasure.

It is the best thing to divide the meat of Qurbani into three portions.
We keep one portion for ourselves. We give one portion to our
relatives and neighbours, another portion to the poor. So we, the rich
and the poor share this joy.

Eid-ul Azha is celebrated commences on the tenth dayof the month

of Zilhajj. It has two wajibs. To perform the Salat and to sacrifice
the animals.

Like the Salat of Eid-ul Fitr the Salat of Eid-ul-Azha is to be

performed at the same time and in the in the same method. There is
no difference.

The sunnats of Eid-ul Azha are the same as the sunnats of Eid-ul-
Fitr also. There is only one difference. It is Sunnat to eat something
on the day of Eid-ul-Fitr before the Salat of Eid. And it is sunnat to
eat something after the Salat and sacrifice on the day of Eid-ul-
Azha.

Qurbani

The second wajib of Eid-ul-Azha is the Sacrifice (Qurbani).

70 Religious Studies: Islam

Hazrat Ibrahim (A) dreamt one night that the most Gracious
Allah was instructing him to sacrifice his dear son Ismail (A).
Hazrat Ibrahim informed this to his son. He accepted the desire
of Allah . When Hazrat Ibrahim (A) was prepared to sacrifice
his son, then Allah said, "Oh Ibrahim ! You have trully obeyed
the divine command received in dream. Certainly it was a clear
test! You have passed out at that successfully". (Sura Assaffat
105-107). Being pleased the most Gracious. Allah made the
arrangements for sacrificing an animal. From that time the
system of sacrificing animals has begun. So, we also sacrifice
every year. Healthy and good looking animals are to be
sacrificed.

Akika

Children are the dearest ones to the parents. The parents have so
many duties/responsibilities to children. One responsibility is to
perform Akika on the seventh day after the child is born and to
give him/her a name. The dangers of the child are removed
away through performing Akika. But there is no harm if Akika
can not be performed. Akika can be performed by the similar
animals which are appropriate for Qurbani. It is better to
Ibadat 71

perform Akika on the seventh day of the birth of the child. It

can be peformed in any other time, afterwards. The hair of the
child's head should be shaved on the day of Akika. It is good to
give away silver of the equivalent weight of the shaved hair.

Everybody can eat the meat of Akika. One portion is to be

distributed among the poor.

Saom

Saom is one of the five Rukons of Islam. To abstain form eating

and drinking and some other activities from the dawn to dusk, is
called Saom. Saom is called Roja in Persian language.

Saom is one prominent pillar of Islam. The teaching, that Salat

reminds us five times a day saom keeps us reminding that
teaching every moment, throughout one month once in a year,
During the Ramadan the taking of food and drinks is stopped for
a fasting person from the last watch of night to sunset. At the
time of Sehri they take food and drinks. As soon as it is Subhe
Sadik, they stop taking food and drinks. Then they don't take
anything till sunset, even though delicious food appears before
them and they feel hungry and thirsty. Even they don't take a
single drop of water, where there is nobody to witness. As soon
72 Religious Studies: Islam

as Azan for magrib prayer is announced only then they take

Ifter.

The Significance of Saom

1. Deep belief and faith are expressed towards Allah Ta'ala.

2. Deep obedience is expressed towards the great Prophet (Sm).

3. The satisfaction of Allah is gained.

4. The sympathy and compassion to others are created.

5. Restraint, sacrifice, generosity, brotherhood and kindness,

along with other qualities are developed.

6. Physical and mental tranquility are gained.

7. Social bondage is formed as of sympathy for others,

compassion and well-being is increased through fasting.

8. Abstaining from unjust and indecent activities.

9. The intention to help the poor and the beggars is created

among the rich.

Allah has revealed the holy Quran in the month of Ramadan. So

this month is a very sacred month. Allah has made Roza
(fasting) compulsory for this one month, once a year. The great
Prophet (sm) said: "The person who fasts properly in the month
of Ramadan, becomes as innocent as a newborn baby".
Ibadat 73

The Takwa is created through Roza. Takwa meams carefulness.

He who maintains carefulness in the fear of Allah, can not
commit any sin. The pain of hunger is realized if someone fasts.
The teaching to help the destitutes can be obtained from Roza.
Discipline in the matter of eating and drinking is created
through fasting. The stomach can work properly. Many kinds
diseases are cured and health remains sound.
The Niyat of Roza
The niyat of Roza is to be made in the month of Ramadan, after
taking sehri at every night:
"O Allah! I have made Niyat for the farz Roza of tomorrow in
the month of Ramadan. You, kindly grant my Roza."
Allahumma Laka Sumtu Wa

Ala Rizzika Aftartu.

Meaning: "O Allah! I have fasted for you only and I am having
Iftar with the food given by you."
The Salat of Tarabee
The Salat of Tarabee should be performed after the Salat of
Isha, in the month of Ramadan. The Salat of Tarabee is of
twenty Rakats. This salat is Sunnat. The Prophet (sm) said: "All
of the sins of the past of a person, who performs Salat of Tarabe
in month of Ramadan is forgiven."
We shall fast in the month of Ramadan.
We shall perform the Salat of Tarabi regularly.
74 Religious Studies: Islam

Zakat

As Allah Has made Salat-Saom compulsory for us, Zakat is also

compulsory for us. Zakat is a significant Rukon or pillar of
Islam. The mentality of sacrifice is created among the Muslims
through Zakat. The miserliness and the hankering after the
riches are removed away. Zakat creates such a capability in the
mind of believers that whenever it is needed to spend his
wealth, in the way of Allah, he heartily does so.
Allah has created human beings. He has also bestowed men
with various kinds of wealth for leading their life. But all the
men of the world are not the possessor of the equal wealth.
Somebody's wealth is much more than somebody else's less
wealth. The rich has no want. And the poor has no end of want.
Allah has instructed us to pay Zakat to remove away the want of
the poor.
Allah has determined a portion from the wealth of the rich for
the poor. The rich will pay off the due portion to the poor. This
is the right of the poor.

Allah Said:
Meaning: perform Salat and pay Zakat.
The Prophet (Sm) said:
Meaning: "Zakat is a bridge of Islam (between the rich and the
poor)"
Ibadat 75

Among the five rukons the position of Zakat is next to Iman and
Salat. The meaning of Zakat is purity and advancement. Allah
provides prosperity if Zakat is paid off. As a result their wealth
increases. The poor can do business and trade and can make use
of this if they get Zakat. In this way the wealth of the society
increases also.
The Nesab of Zakat
1
Nesab means a fixed amount. The Nesab of Zakat is 7 2 tolas
1
of gold or 52 2 tolas of silver or any other wealth worth its
equal value. If a person possesses that amount of wealth for a
complete year after his necessary expenditure, then Zakat is
compulsory for him.
1
40 th of the Nesab amount of or the wealth is to be given
away as Zakat. In such calculation Tk. 2.50 is to be given
against Tk. each 100/- and Tk. 25/- against each Tk. 1000/- .
Zakat is to be given for crops and domestic animals also. The
rate of these things is of another type. We shall learn that later
on.
Zakat can not be given to all. Zakat can be given to eight
categories of people only. Who are entitled to get Zakat, are
called Mashraf of Zakat. Mashraf means the heads of
expenditure. Mashraf of Zakat are eight in number.
(1) The poor ones. (2) Destitutes. (3) A person who can be
attracted to Islam (4) The slaves struggling to be liberated (5)
Indebted ones (6) Helpless people living abroad or travelers. (7)
76 Religious Studies: Islam

The persons who are dedicated to serve Islam (8) The

employees appointed for collecting Zakat.
Allah becomes pleased, if Zakat is paid off. The wealth
becomes purified and increases. The distinction between the
rich and the poor is removed. Peace is established in the society.
If Zakat is not paid, then Allah becomes displeased. The
difference between the rich and the poor prevails, disorder is
created in the society. There is also severe punishment in the
life after death (Akhirat).
We shall pay Zakat as per calculation.
We shall serve the society.
We shall get rid of severe punishment in the life after death.

Hajj

Hajj is the fifth Rukon (pillar) of Islam. Hajj means to desire or

to wish. To travel to holy Makka for visiting (Ziarat) holy ka'ba
and some other holy places adjacent to holy ka'ba following
some fixed rules and time is called Hajj.
Ka'ba is the House of Allah. It is the Quibla of the Muslims. All
Muslims of the world perform their Salat facing the ka'ba. We also
do that. During Hajj the rituals of moving around the holy ka'ba is
the (Tawaf) and visited (Ziarat) of the holy ka'ba is performed.
Ibadat 77

Hajj is Farz for those people who have got the financial capacity
to go to Makka and to stay there, after meeting their family
expenses till their return. Hajj is Farz only once in a life.

Allah said:
Meaning: " Hajj is a bounden duty for those who have the
ability of making journey to perform Hajj for Allah".
The main steps in Hajj: wearing Ihram. Moving around Ka'ba
(Tawaf). To run between the hills-Safa and Marwa. To stay at
the field of Arafat. To spend night at Muzdalifa. To perform
Qurbani at Meena.
The Three Farz of the Hajj
1. Wearing Ihram. 2. Moving around Ka'ba (Tawaf). 3. To stay
at the field of Arafat. If any of these is dropped, Hajj is not
performed fully. Ihram is - to wear cloths without stich. In spite
of his having so much as cloths, he is present today in front of
Allah in the state of a beggar. No coloured dress or perfume are
[Link] would not be cut.
No ornaments are to be used.
One has to keep oneself away
from all type of enjoyments.
One has to consider one self as
dead. The dua - "Labbaek
Allahumma Labbaek, La
Shareeka laka Labbaek, Innal
Hamda Oan nimata Laka wal Arafat
Mulk La Shareeka Lak" is to be
78 Religious Studies: Islam

recited with Ihram again and

again while in lhram.
One has to perform the Tawaf
(moving around the holy ka'ba)
immediately after reaching
Makka. The black stone would be Mina
kissed each time at the beginning
and at the end of Tawaf. Two
Rakat Salat should be performed
at the place named Makam-e-
Ibrahim. One has to run between
Safa and Marwa (saee) after
coming out from here.
Muzdalifa
After that one has to stay at tents for five or six days. One has to
listen to the instruction of khutba at the field of Arafat after one
day's staying at the tent of Mina. Then the stones should be
thrown returning to Mina after one night staying at tent. Then
the sacrifice (Qurbani) should be done here.
To run between the hills safa-Marwa (saee) at the time other
than Hajj is called 'Omra'. 'Omra' is also worth of rewards.
The Hajj is an august gathering of the Muslims of the world.
During Hajj innumerable Muslims from all of the countries of
the world are gathered together. This is an excellent assembly.
No body is concerned about the language, the complexion of the
body and the race of the people around them. All of them are of
the same dress, same aim and same identity. Every body is the
Ibadat 79

servant of Allah. Everybody is a brother to another. All of them

stay for some days unitedly in this way. The people of one
country makes inquiries about other countries. As a result the
brotherhood and love is built up between the Muslims of the
whole world. The same utterance in is every body's voice.
"Labbaek Allahumma Labbaek". We are present O Allah! We
are present at your court."
The sins of the past life are forgiven through Hajj. The Prophet
(Sm) said: "The person who performs the Hajj becomes as
innocent as a new born baby".
To Visit Madina (Ziarat)
The Hajjies visit Rawza Mubarak of the Prophet (Sm) at the
Mosque of Nababi after going to holy Madina during Hajj.
There are many places and evidences here connected attached to
the memories of the Prophet (Sm).

Practical Duas (Prayers)

All power is of Allah. He is the Master of everything. We shall
seek his help in all of our works. We shall pray to Him only. We
shall start all the good deeds with His name. The Prophet (sm)
said duas before doing anything. We shall also say the duas
before starting our works. Some of the duas are mentioned
below.
1. We shall say before starting each good deed

Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem

80 Religious Studies: Islam

Meaning: "In the Name of the most Gracious Allah".

But if we forget to say Bismillah at the beginning, then as soon
as we remember, we shall have to say-

Bismillahi Awalahu Wa Akhirahu

Meaning: "We are starting in the Name of Allah from the

beginning to the end".
2. We shall say the dua before sleeping -

Allahumma Beismika A'mutu wa Ahiaa

Meaning: "O Allah! We sleep taking your name and awake also
taking your name".

3. We shall say this dua awakening from sleep

Alhamdu Lillahillazce Ahiana Ba'da Ma Amatana Wa Ilaihin Nushur

Meaning: "All the praise for Allah, Who has awakened us after
the sleep, we shall return to him again".
4. We shall say this dua before entering the latrine and the urinal

Allahumma Innee Auzubika Minal Khubusi wal khabais.

Ibadat 81

Meaning: "O Allah! I seek shelter to you from all unholiness

and evil".
5. We shall say this dua at the time of coming out from the
latrine and the urinal-

Alhamdu Lillahillazi Azhaba Annil Aza Wa Afanee

Meaning: "All the praise for Allah. Who has relieved of my
pain and has given me peace."
6. We shall say after sneezing - Alhamdu Lillah
Meaning: "All the praise for Allah"
7. And the person who will hear, he will say -

Iarhamukallahu

Meaning: "May Allah bless you".

8. We shall say this if we see any grave-

Assalamu Alaikun Iaa Ahlal Kubur

Meaning: "O dwellers of the graves! Be peace on you".

The four sentences were very much favorite to the Prophet (sm).
He used to say very often these four sentences himself advised
others to say. These are:
1. Subhanallahi
82 Religious Studies: Islam

Meaning: "I am declaring the Holiness of Allah"

2. Walhamud Lillahi
Meaning: "And all the praise for Allah"
3. Wa La Ilaha Illallahu
Meaning: "There is no one to be worshipped except Allah".
4. Allahu Akbar
Meaning: "Allah is the Greatest."
The Prophet (Sm) said, two sentences are favourite to Allah
which are easy to pronounce and significant in meaning. The
sentences are:

Subhanallahi Wa Bihamdihee
Meaning: "I am describing the Holiness of the most Gracious
Allah."

Subhanallahil Azeem
Meaning: I am describing the Holiness of the most Glorious
Allah".
We shall learn and say these duas (prayers) properly. Allah will
be pleased at this. As a result we shall be rewarded.
Ibadat 83

Cleanliness

Allah is ever Holy. So Allah likes the persons who are neat and
clean. The Prophet (Sm) said. Cleanliness is a part of Iman.
So we shall be neat and clean. Then Allah and Rasul (Sm) will
love us. Bad smell comes out from body of those who are not
neat and clean. They are attacked by different diseases. Nobody
loves the unclean dirty persons. Every body hates them.
We perform different works all day long. The clothes become
dirty at this. The body sweats and smells bad. The body
becomes dirty. So every body should take bath regularly and
each part of the body should be cleaned.
The body should be cleaned with soap very carefully regularly.
The hair should be cut short if it grows long. We see every thing
with our eyes. So it is very important to keep the eyes clean. It
is seen that there is dirt in the eyes after awakening from sleep.
So we shall make our eyes and mouth clean after awakening
from sleep. We shall clean our nose regularly. If not, the germs
of the diseases collected within nose will pass into the body
with breathing. As a result we shall be attacked by various
diseases. Food is taken by chewing with teeth. The food
particles remain sticked in the gaps of the teeth. So we shall
clean our teeth every morning after rising from the sleep and at
every night before going to the sleep brushing them very
carefully. Other wise the food particles will get clogged in the
84 Religious Studies: Islam

gaps of teeth and there will be bad smell inside mouth on

rottening of the food particles. Pus and blood oozing and
various dental discases will occur. Meswak (ie. brushing teeth)
is the sunnat of our dear Prophet (Sm).
We do all the works and take food with our hands. We must
wash and clean hands before taking food very carefully. The
feet become dirty for the movement on the roads. So the feet
should be cleaned after finishing the works.
It is not enough to keep clean oneself but the environment
should be kept clean. We shall keep clean all of our houses,
compounds and furniture. We shall decorate our reading table
beautifully.
The places around the house should be cleaned. The classrooms
of the school should be kept clean. Everybody loves the person
who keeps himself clean and keeps the environment clean.
The Prophet (Sm) loved to be neat and has instructed every one
to be neat and clean.
It is an Ibadat (worship) to be neat and clean. We shall keep
clean ourselves and the environment. We shall remove away if
any object which can cause pain lies on road. Then Allah will
love us. People will love us also.
Ibadat 85

Exercise

Essaytype Questions
1. What is Ibadat?
2. Why has Allah created us?
3. What are the merits of salat?
4. State the rule of performing four Rakat Farz Salat.
5. What do you understand by Ahkam of Salat? How many
Ahkams are there and what are they?
6. What is the Wajib of Salat? Describe any seven.
7. What do you understand by Sijdah Sahu?
8. Write down the rule of performing Sijda Sahu.
9. When Dua kunut is read out? Write down Dua kunut on
memorizing it.
10. How many Arkans are there in Salat and what are they?
11. Under what circumstance can the Salat be dropped out?
Describe.
12. How the Salat of Janaza is performed? Write down.
13. Who is a Musafir? Describe the Salat of a Musafir (traveller).
14. Write down the dua of entering the mosque and exit from
the mosque in Bangla.
15. Write down the etiquettes of the mosque.
86 Religious Studies: Islam

16. What is Eid-ul-Fitr?

17. Write down the Sunnats of the Eid day.
18. What do you understand by Qurbani?
19. In how many portions the meat of Qurbani should be
divided into? Who should be given the meat?
20. What is Akika?
21. What is Zakat?
22. What do you understand by the Zakat-e- Nesab?
23. Who should be given Zakat?
24. What good result can be gained through giving Zakat
properly?
25. What do you mean by Roza?
26. What are the benefits of Roza?
27. Write down the dua of Ifter in Bangla.
28. What is Hajj?
29. What are the main steps of Hajj?
30. Why Hajj is called the great congregation of the Muslims
of the world?
31. What have we to say when we forget to say Bismillah
before starting any work?
32. What dua have we to say after sneezing?
Ibadat 87

33. Write down the dua which we have to say for grave
dwellers in Bangla with meaning.
34. Which dua is to be said at the time of sleeping?
35. Which dua is to be said at the time of entering the latrine
and the urinal?
36. Write down the four sentences which were very much
favourite to the Prophet (Sm).
37. Why is it necessary to keep body clean? How can the body
be kept clean?

Objective Questions
Put Tick Marks (
) on the Right Answers
1. How many Rukons are there in Islam?
a. Seven b. five
c. six d. four
2. Which sura is to be recited in each Rakat of Salat?
a. Sura Nas b. Sura Ikhlas
c. Sura Fatiha d. Sura feel
3. How many Ahkams are there in Salat?
a. Five b. six
c. seven d. eight
88 Religious Studies: Islam

4. Which dua is to be said during Sijdah in Salat?

a. Subhana Rabbial Ala b. Alhamdu lillah
c. Subhana Rabbial Azeem d. Allahu Akbar
5. What is Bitr Salat?
a. Farz b. Sunnat
c. Wajib d. Nafal
6. What is Janaza Salat?
a. Farz-e-Aain b. Farz-e-Kefaia
c. Wajib d. Sunnat
7. How many Rakats are to be performed in Salat of Eid?
a. Three b. six
c. two d. four
8. Which is the third Rukon of Islam?
a. Roza b. Salat
c. Zakat d. Hajj
9. What is the quantiy of nesab in Zakat?
a. Eight tolas of gold or fifty tolas of silver
b. Ten tolas of gold or fifty one tolas of silver
c. Five and half tolas of gold or sixty tolasof silver
d. seven and half tolas of gold or fifty two and half tolas of silver.
Ibadat 89

10. What is the meaning of the word Zakat?

a. Cleanliness b. Holiness and increasement
c. Holy and beautiful d. Riches and wealth
11. In which month the Salat of Tarabee is to be performed?
a. In the month of Muharram b. In the month of Ramadan
c. In the month of Zilhajj d. In the month of Shawal
12. What is called ka'ba?
a. Baitul Mukaddas b. Mashjid -e-Nababi
c. Masjid-e-Aksa d. Baitullah
13. How many Farzs are there in Hajj?
a. Five b. three
c. six d. four
14. How the difference between the rich and the poor can be
erradicated?
a. Through salat b. through Roza
c. through Zakat d. through Hajj
15. What is the meaning of the word Allahu Akbar?
a. Allah is kind b. Allah is the strongest
c. Allah is the Sustainer d. Allah is the Greatest
90 Religious Studies: Islam

16. When larhamu kallah is to be said?

a. Noticing any grave b. Awakening from sleep
c. Hearing the sound of any d. At the time of gasping
body's cough
17. Who said this Cleanlines is a part of Iman.
a. Hazrat Abu Bakr (R) b. The great Prophet (Sm)
c. Hazrat Omar (R) d. Hazrat Ali (R)
The Planned works

1. Demonstrate four Rakat Sunnat Salat.

2. The arrangements should be made for the demonstration of
the salat of Eid.
3. The learners will demonstrate the Salat of Janaza in convenient
place according to rule. The teachers will observe and help if
necessary.
4. The students will clean house the compounds of their own
house on the weekly holidays.
5. The students will clean the classroom one day a week.
6. The stedents will write down the four sentences in Arabic
with meaning which were favourite to the Prophet (Sm).
7. The students will memorize and say to the teacher.
Those two sentences which are favourite to Allah and will
say to the teacher.
 Chapter - 3

Akhlaq or Character

Once a person asked the great Prophet (Sm)- "The most

Gracious Allah has blessed human beings with innumerable
gifts. Which is the most valuable one among these? The great
Prophet (Sm) said: "Good character is the most precious gift".
Every body loves the person, who speaks the truth, does good
deeds, maintains cleanliness, keeps word, he gets every one's
affection. And if this person is of old age then everybody
respects him. Every body says that his character is good. Every
one has conscience, has intelligence. Everybody can understand
which is good and which is bad.
Now we shall learn, what are the good deeds. These are to obey
parents, to behave well with guests, to show kindness, to be
kind to the animals, to nurse men, to nurse patients, to stand by
the side of the poor, orphans, beggars, and the helpless ones. To
support them, to help them. To behave well with them. To be on
good terms with the neighbours, to stand by them in their
dangers and difficulties. To behave well with the classmates, to
speak the truth, to respect the teachers. To respect the elders and
to be affectionate to the younger, to love them. to caress them.
92 Akhlaq or Character

The Prophet (Sm) said:

Meaning: "The person who does not show affection to the

youngers and respect to the elders does not belong to our
group." These deeds and qualities are called Akhlaq.

On the other hand the bad deeds or the bad character is: to
disobey parents, to behave with guest, badly to be cruel to the
animals. To tell lies, not to honuor the elders and not to be
affectionate to the youngers. To break promises, to misbehave
with orphans, beggars, poor. Not to be neat and clean, to cause
sufferings to somebody. Oppression, terrorism, drug addiction
etc. are always considered as bad practices to people. But we
shall acquire the best qualities of the character and abstain from
the blamable sides.
Religious Studies: Islam 93

Service and Help to The Creation

We live in the society. There are rich people as well as the poor
ones and also there are the needy ones. There are people who
don't have money and wealth or landed property. If they have
any, that is very small in quantity. They are poor and needy.
They don't get food according to their need, don't get clothes,
place to live, nursing or treatment in illness. Because they are
needy and poor. They suffer from the scarcity of money. They
don't have money to buy food, clothes and medicine . Their life
is very miserable. We shall serve and help them always within
our capability.
Our great Prophet (Sm) said, on the day of Last judgment Allah
will say, I was hungry, you did not give me food. I was without
clothes; you did not give me clothes. I was sick, you did not
nurse me. Men will say, oh Almighty! You are free from all
these necessities. Allah will say: There were needy and sick
ones around you, if you would have nursed and helped them
that would have been the service to me. I would have been glad.
We have come to know that, Allah becomes happy if we help
human beings. He becomes much more happy if we serve and
help the needy ones and the destitutes. But in spite of having
scopes, those do not help the poor, do not serve the afflicted
ones, Allah becomes displeased and unsatisfied with them.
94 Akhlaq or Character

The nursing of a sick person

We have mango, berry, jackfruit, coconut trees at our home. We

have also the lichi, banana and papaya trees. We shall distribute
some of the fruits of these trees to the neighbours around us.
They will be happy at this. They will be much more happy, if
they are poor. At this Allah will be satisfied with us.
Like fruits and grains we shall give the neighbours some
vegetables, onions, garlics. We shall be rewarded at this. Allah
becomes happy. Similarly we shall distribute clothes. This is
worth of rewards. Allah has instruction regarding this matter.
We shall show kindness to the other creations of Allah. We
shall not cause pain to any animals, beasts and birds. We shall
take care of domestic animals too.
There is in one Hadith: Once a woman saw a dog. The dog was
very much thirsty and it was about to die. The woman felt
sympathy. She held water at the dog's mouth bringing from a near
by well. The dog got comfort drinking water and got its life back.
Religious Studies: Islam 95

The woman showed kindness to the Allah's creature and nursed

it. For this Allah was pleased with her. The woman had many
vices in her life. The most Merciful Allah forgave all her vices.

The Prophet (Sm) said, show kindness to everything on earth.

Allah will be kind to you.

The rule of Islam is to behave well with all, not to oppress any
one. We shall abide by the rules of Islam. We shall behave well
with everybody. We shall not cause pain to anybody. We shall
not hurt anybody. We shall not tell lies, we shall help each
other. We shall visit if somebody becomes sick or falls in a
danger. We shall serve him, show sympathy to him. We shall
help the poor, beggars and needy people secretly. We shall take
care of the orphans. We shall give food at the mouth of the
hungry ones, clothes to clothless. We shall teach the illiterates.
96 Akhlaq or Character

We shall not cause pain to animals. We shall not keep them

without food. We shall not beat them cruelly.

We shall plant trees, preferring fruit trees. We shall take care of

plants. Trees help us in many ways to lead our lives. There
exists a poisonous gas in air, which is very much harmful for
our life. This can cause our death. This is called carbon-di-
oxide. The trees suck in carbon-di-oxide from air and exhales
Oxygen. We live inhaling oxygen. Have we ever thought, how a
great friend of us tree is! We shall behave well with this friend.
We shall not cut down the trees, thoughtlessly.

We shall keep the environment habitable planting trees. We

shall make environment beautiful. At this all the animals will be
benefited. In this way we shall serve and take care of the
creations of Allah. Allah will be kind to us.
Religious Studies: Islam 97

Forgiveness
Forgiveness is a great virtue. If someone inflicts pain to some one
else, causes oppression, then in spite of having the capability of
taking revenge, if he lets that person go without taking revenge
rather shows kindness to him, we call it forgiveness.

Human beings are "Ashraful Makhlukat." This means the best of the
creations. So men are very much dear to Allah. Allah loves men.
Men get involved very often in sins and mistakes at the instigation
of Saitan (devil). After that when he repents, he prays to Allah for
forgiveness. They take oath not to be involved in any sin in future.
Then the Merciful Allah forgives him.

If somebody does injustice to us, oppresses us, causes pain to us, we

shall remember the forgiveness of Allah the Merciful. If somebody
confesses his crime, we shall forgive him. We shall behave well
with him. We shall advice him to be good. We shall pray to Allah
for him. If someone gets involved in misdeeds out of poverty, we
shall try to remove his poverty away.

Allah is Forgiver. He likes forgiveness. Allah loves them who

suppresses anger and forgives others, but in spite of forgiving again
and again, if some body commits crime recurrently, then he should
be treated strictly. He should be punished. Then he will not commit
sin again. The others will not dare to inflict pain to others
unnecessarily. Then there will be peace in society. This is the
teaching of Islam.
98 Akhlaq or Character

Patriotism

Bangladesh is our dear birth land. We love our country with all our
heart. We will feel deep pleasure and get peace in our mind when
we think about Bangladesh. Bangladesh is a beautiful, green
country. The scenery of green grains, green forests, trees, grass and
creepers covering the horizon, is very pleasant. The scenery of rivers
flowing zigzag with a rippling sound, rows of high and low earthen
hills of, pieces of clouds floating in the sky, the sight of falling down
of rain now and then, charm us. So Bangladesh is our dear land.

Our great Prophet Hazrat Muhammed (Sm) loved his birth land,
Mecca with all his heart, So, when he left Mecca for the Hizrat to
Medina, being tortured by the kafirs (non-believers) of Mecca, then
he said looking back at Mecca again and again with afflicted eyes:

"Oh City of Mecca! You are my birth land,

I love you.
If my own tribe would not have compelled me
To leave my country,
I would have never left you behind."

It is understood from the incident mentioned above, how much

profound love the great Prophet had towards his own land Mecca.

The Arab scholars said:

"Hubbul Watani Minal Iman"

Religious Studies: Islam 99

Meaning: "Patriotism is a part of Iman (belief)".

We love our country very much. And we love all the resources of
the country very much also. Everybody of us should pay attention
towards the resources of the country, so that these are not wasted.

Some students cut the high and low benches and cut corners of the
tables of the schools by knives, damage electric bulbs and switches
of the fans. Some write down indecent words on the benches, tables
and walls, some drop small pieces of bricks inside the letter boxes
wickedly. These are not right things to do. It is not right to spoil the
flowering trees and plant, planted in rows by road side of the streets.
Those who commit this type of offences, are the enemies of the
country.
At the finishing of the cooking the gas cooker should be turned off.
Many do not turn off cookers when the cooking is finished resulting
misuse of gas. Many do not turn off the water taps of the toilets and
bathrooms, and uses more water than they need. This causes the
misuse of water. The misuse of electricity does not happen if the
electric bulbs and fans are switched off after the teacher leaves the
classroom finishing the lesson. The country can prosper if we can
stop these types of misuses.

Allah said in the Holy Quran:

Meaning: "Do not misuse. Certainly Allah does not like the
misusers."

We shall love our country, stop misusing of all kind of resources.

We shall forbid the neighbours and friends to do any kind of misuse.
100 Akhlaq or Character

Co-Operation to Good Works and

Hinderence to Bad Works.

Allah has created this world in a beautiful way. He has

instructed mankind to make a beautiful good living place. Many
disorders can be created in many ways, danger and difficulties
may come. Allah has nominated men as the Prophet's
representatives, so that no unrest takes place. Caliph means
representative. The duty of a Caliph is the representation of
Allah, to abide by His ordeals and motivate others to carryout
His rules and regulations. All of us should abide by the orders
and prohibitions of Allah and the Prophets. If we want to do
that, we have to do good works. We have to cooperate others to
do good works. And we have to resist if some body commits
any crime or offensive deeds. Then there will be prosperity
every where. The justice will be established everywhere. It will
be possible to preserve the law and order situation of the
country. The torture of the oppressor will be stopped. The
fighting, murder and malice and hatred would be erradicated.
Nobody will oppress any one. There would be peace in the
whole world. Men can live peacefully. As a result the worship
of Allah would be performed easily and comfortably.
Allah said in the Holy Quran:
Akhlaq or Character 101

Meaning : "Cooperate/help each other in doing good and do not

help any body to commit sins and evil works" - (Sura Maeeda:
2)
The great Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) and his companions
(shahabies) always helped each other to do good works and to
prevent committing sins. If anybody committed any sin by
mistake or secretly, he used to come to Prophet (Sm) and
confessed his crime and prayed for forgiveness.
The great Prophet (sm) has instructed, "If somebody commits
sin and any of you can witness it then he will resist him with his
strength. And if he is unable to do that, then he will try to
correct him with advice If he can not even do that then at least
he will hate that person.
We shall help each other in doing good works. We shall help,
people of the locality carrying soil on head for constructing the
roads. We shall also take part in it. We shall participate in the
cleaning of the surroundings of the school. We shall join the
cleaning of the water-hyacinths from the adjacent ponds of the
school. We shall teach the illiterate helping hands of the house.
We shall abide by the commands of Allah and the Prophets.
102 Religious Studies: Islam

Honesty

Honesty and truthfulness are great virtues of men. He who

possesses this virtue, he is called honest and truthful. Honesty is
very much dear to Allah. So Allah loves the person, who
possesses this quality. Honesty always leads men to honest
deeds. Honest deeds show him the way to heaven (Jannat).
Honesty abstained men from sins and crimes. Because, an
honest man thinks that if he commits sin, and somebody asks
him regarding this, then he can not tell lies. He will be
compelled to confess. Then he will be punished. He will be
ashamed and will not commit sin henceforth.
Once a man came to the Prophet (Sm) and said that he has
committed quite a few sins. He has determined to give up one
from them firstly. He asked the Prophet (sm), which one will he
give up at first? The Prophet (sm) advised him to give up firstly
to tell lies. Afterwards that man never told a lie. Even he was
abstained from committing sins fearing that he could not tell lies
if somebody asks him about his evil doings.
We shall come to know now a beautiful incident about honesty
and truthfulness.
Once upon a time many knowledge seekers used to travel to
Bagdad from the town of Jilan of Iran for education. One day
the mother of Barapir (The great saint) Hazrat Abdul kader
Jilani (R), sent him to Bangdad with a group of merchants. At
Akhlaq or Character 103

the time of departure, his mother sewed forty gold coins inside
the sleeves of his dress in a manner that one cannot understand
anything from outside easily. His mother said him to spent the
gold coins from the sleeve, if there will be any need for money.
On the way a group of dacoits attacked their group. The dacoits
snatched away whatever they got searching every one's body.
One of the dacoits asked Hazrat Abdul Quader Jilani what
belongings he had, not getting anything from the search of his
body. He said to the dacoit, his mother sewed forty gold coins
inside the sleeves of his dress. The dacoit instantly brought out
the gold coins cutting his sleeve. The gang leader said to him
with astonishment; if he had kept secret the incident of his
mother's sewing of the gold coins, then the dacoits would not
have got those coins. Why had he disclosed that? Hazrat Abdul
Quader Jilani (R) said, his mother ordered him to speak the truth
always. So he did not conceal it. The gang leader returned him
back the gold coins charmed by his honesty. The gang leader
along with his group was charmed hearing this utterance of the
boy. They all prayed for forgivness and gave up plundering
forever. So honesty and truthfulness are so dear to Allah.
We shall learn another story about honesty:
Hazrat Omar (R) was the second Caliph of Islamic State. Justice
prevailed in all spheres of his state. The judgment was used to
be dispensed immediately after occurring any thing unjust.
There was rule for appropriate punishment for punishable
crimes. He used to be informed about the real condition of the
ordinary people in disguise at the darkness of the night, moving
around lanes and by lanes of Medina. At one night he happened
104 Religious Studies: Islam

to come near a small hut when he was moving around the streets
of Medina. He heard the conversation of a mother and her
daughter inside the hut. The mother said to her daughter in the
morning to increase the quantity of the cow-milk after milking
the cow, mixing water. The daughter said to her mother if the
Caliph could know this, they would be punished severely. The
mother said, the Caliph or the people of the Caliph could not see
this. The daughter said to her mother, if it is not seen by Caliph
Omar (R) or his people, one must see this. Nobody can escape
His eyes. He is Allah. Allah is always watching everything.
Caliph Omar (R) returned back to home after hearing this
conversation of the mother and the daughter. He was specially
charmed by the honesty and truthfulness of the girl. He arranged
the marriage of his eligible and dear son with that truthful
daughter of the poor woman. This girl was the grandmother of
another righteous Caliph Omar Ibn Abdul Aziz (R).
Akhlaq or Character 105

Serving The Parents

The parents are the nearest persons to us. None can love us
more than our parents. Our parents love us more than their lives
after we are born in the world. They bring up us, clean our
bodily excretion at our infanthood with great care. Very often
they feed us without taking food themselves if there is want of
food. They do not sleep at all, in our illness. Their worries
continue until we recover fully. They feel pleasure in our joy,
and feel sorry in our pain. Allah said in Holy Quran:

Rabbirhamhuma Kama Rabbaanee Sagira.

Meaning:" Oh our Cherisher, our parents brought up us at our
infanthood, with that kindness and affection, similarly have
mercy on them."( Sura Boni Israil -24).
It is our duty to be obedient always to our parents. We have to
honor and respect them. We should take care of them always
when we grow up. After their death we have to pray to Allah for
the salvation of their departed souls performing Nafal Salat,
offering Sadka and charity. If our parents are pleased on us
Allah will be pleased with us. If the parents are not happy, we
shall be deprived from the bounty of Allah.
Now we shall learn a nice exemplary story about the taking care
of parents. A mother becomes sick very much in the town of
106 Religious Studies: Islam

Bustam in Iran. Her son always took care of her. The mother
also loved him very much. The mother asked her son for
drinking water at one evening. When the son came with a glass
of water he saw that his sick mother had already fallen in to
sleep. He did not awake his mother anticipating her discomfort
due to awakening from sleep. He thought, when mother would
awake again, he would give her water to drink. He thought, it
would be late to give her water if he himself would have fallen
into sleep. Mother would suffer. He did not sleep any more. He
had been standing for the whole night holding the glass of water
in his hand.
At the last part of the night, mother saw awakening from sleep,
the son was standing, holding the glass of water. He said to his
mother, you wanted to drink water at night, I saw no water in
the pitcher. So I had to bring water from the far away well and
then I saw that you had fell asleep again. Mother said, why
didn't you call me? The son said, I did not call you thinking you
might be disturbed.
The tears of joy fell down from the eyes of the mother hearing
this from the son, dearest of her heart. Mother prayed to Allah
with all her heart for her son's ultimate success in the world and
in the life after death Allah granted the prayer of the mother.
The son was known as the world's famous saint later on . He is
the world famous Hazrat Biazeed Bustami (R).
The prophet (Sm) said:
(Al Jannatu Tahta Akdamil Ummahati)
Akhlaq or Character 107

Meaning: "The heaven lies under the feet of the mother. We

shall always obey our parents "
We shall be always obedient to our parents.
We shall always respect and honour them.
We shall always serve them.
We shall never disobey them.
We shall pray to Allah for their salvation in the life after death
(Akhirat).

Exercise
Essay Type Questions

1. What are the good qualities of human character?

2. What are the bad sides of human character?

3. Whose lives are very miserable? What will you do to them?

4. Describe the holy saying of the Prophet (Sm) regarding

service to men?
108 Religious Studies: Islam

5. Describe with whom Allah is pleased and with whom He is

not?

6. In what way can we serve and help people?

7. What will Allah say at the Last Judgement day regarding

service to men?

8. Allah will be served by serving who? Describe.

9. Trees are our friends- - explain.

10. Describe the incident of the woman about kindness to

animals mentioned in Hadith.

11. What is mother? Write down what you know about this.

12. What do you understand by Ashraful Mukhlukat? Why

Mankind is called Ashraful Mukhlukat?

13. What is patriotism? Why shall we love our country?

14. Write done the feeling of the Prophet (Sm) at the time of
Hizrat.

15. Write down the incident of Abdul Kader Jilani (R) about
Truthfulness.

16. Describe the incident of the mother and daughter regarding

Truthfulness.
Akhlaq or Character 109

17. What is misuse? Give the description of misuses.

18. Describe the saying of Allah about the co-operation to good

works and hindrances to bad works.

19. Describe the saying of the Prophet (Sm) regarding the co-
operation to good works and non co-opration to bad works.

20. Write down the prayer for parents with its meaning which
Allah has taught us.

21. Narrate the incident of Bayezid Bustami (R) about taking

care of the parents.

Objectives

Put tick marks (
) on the right answers

1. Which is the good quality of human character?

a) To disobey parents b) to serve men

c) to cause pain to animals d) not to keep word

2. Which is the bad side of the character?

a) To speak the truth b) to respect the teacher

c) to tell lies d) to nurse the patients

110 Religious Studies: Islam

3. What is Allah pleased with?

a) To inflict men b) to tell lies

c) not to help distressed ones d) to serve and help men

4. What will we give to our neighbours?

a) Cause Pain b) give vegetables

c) Throw garbage to their houses d) help offer

5. Show kindness to every thing that exists on the earth,

Whose word is it?

a) The words of the Angels b) the words of men

c) the words of Rasul (Sm) d) the words of the scientists.

 Chapter-4
Teaching Of The Glorious Quran

Introduction to the Quran

Allah says,

Meaning: Of course, this is the Glorious Quran, kept preserved

on the guarded board Lauhi mahfuz.

The Glorious Quran is the Messages of Allah. It is our holy

112 Teaching Of The Glorious Quran

religious book. It is the last and the greatest revealed book.

Allah has sent this book to His last and concluding Prophet
Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) through the angel Jibraeel (As)

Allah, the Gracious has sent this holy book as guide of mankind.
He sent it to show them the right and the best way of life. The
glorious Quran contains the description of the works and
behaviours with which man can get peace and prosperity in this
world and salvation from Jahannam (the hell-fire) and get
eternal bliss in Jannat (the heaven) in the life after death. The
Glorious Quran is the source of all sorts of knowledge and
Science. It is the Guide of mankind. It shows the distinction
between the right and wrong; between false-hood and truth
between good and bad.

There are four aims in the recitation of the Holy Quran :

a) To recite correctly

b) To understand its meaning

c) To do the biddings of the Quran.

d) To refrain from what He has forbidden.

Our beloved Prophet (Sm) was always in the habit of reciting

the Holy Quran. His companions would also regularly recite the
holy Quran with the same intention. The best time of the
recitation of the Quran is just after farz prayer.
Religious Studies: Islam 113

Now, let us prepare a list of the benefits of reciting the Holy

Quran.

We shall be able to know about Allah, about the whereabouts of His

messengers, about His angels, about the life after death and about Jannat
and Jahannam if we study the Quran with meaning.

Moreover, the close study of the holy Quran would help us to know about
the former Prophets and Messengers and about their followers. The
Glorious Quran informs about the former opposers who disrobed the
orders of Allah and His Prophets and Messengers face the evil
consequences.

Man is the best creation of Allah. Studying the holy Quran we shall be
able to know what should be our works and behaviours compatible to our
elevated position. Besides, whom we shall obey and whom we shall not
obey, whether is the honour and success and what will bring us failure
and dishonour, will also be learnt from the Holy Quran.
So, let us make a list of the benefits what we shall get from
the recitation of the Quran with meaning.

We all would learn to study the Holy Quran with meaning and
recite it regularly.
114 Teaching Of The Glorious Quran

Tajbid

There are many languages in the world. Each nation speaks in

its own language. They express their feelings in their own
language. We are Bangladeshi. Bangla is our mother tongue.
We speak in Bangla and express our feeling through it.
The Glorious Quran is revealed in Arabic. Because the mother
tongue of our Prophet (Sm) was Arabic. So the Glorious Quran
has been revealed in Arabic. This holy book should be
pronounced and recited.
Of course it is a fact that the right meaning of the holy book of
Allah can be found if it is pronounced correctly and properly
and then also piety is expected. On the other hand meaning
becomes changed if the glorious Quran is not recited correctly.
Even some times Salat is not performed correctly.
Tajbid is an Arabic word. Its literal meaning is to arrange,
decorate and beautify. In Islamic terminology to know Makhraj
and sifat of every letter of the holy Quarn and also to know the
use of madd and gunnah and the correct way of pronunciation is
called Tajbid.
Makhraj means the place of pronunciation (where from the
sound comes out) and sifat (characteristic) is the special rule or
techniqne of pronunciation.
Religious Studies: Islam 115

It is necessary to know the tajbid for reciting the Quran

correctly. Allah has commanded us to recite the Quran nicely
and correctly. He said:

"Wa-rattilil Qurana tarteela"

Means : "Recite the Quran slowly and clearly."

Makhraj

The meaning of the word Makhraj is the place of coming out

(the pronunciation). We know that there are 29 letters in Arabic
language. Different words are pronounced from different places
of the mouth while pronouncing the words in Arabic language.
Sometimes from tongue, sometimes from palate, sometimes
from teeth, sometimes lipes or throat - the letters are
pronounced from these places of mouth.
To know the Makhraj of any Arabic letter Jajm or Sakin should
be given on it and Alif having harakat should be placed to the
right of it. Then while pronouncing - the place where the sound
is stopped, is the Makhraj or pronouncing place of that letter.
For example = Alif ba jabar 'Ab'. Here during the
pronunciation of letter , sound is stopped at two lips. So,
makhraj of the letter is both the lips of the mouth. Similarly,
= Alif Kha jabar 'Akh'. Here the sound is stopped at the
larynx to pronounce the letter . So, the Makhraj of the letter
kha is the larynx.
116 Teaching Of The Glorious Quran

Thus 29 letters of Arabic language are pronounced from 17

places of the mouth. The places are: cavity of nose & mouth,
tongue, palate, uvula, base, middle, and end part of the larynx,
upper lip, two teeth of upper and lower jaw, etc.
Now, let us make a list of those places of our mouth from
where the Arabic words are pronounced.
Sl. No. Letter Makhraj Places of pronunciation

Description of the 17 Arabic Makhraj (outlets of

pronunciation).
1. These tow letters are pronounced from the base of the larynx
-

2. These two letters come from the middle part of the larynx -

3. These two letters are pronounced from the upper part of the
larynx -

4. The base of the tongue touches the pallet when this letter is
pronounced -

5. A small upper portion of the base of the tongue touches the

upper palate when pronouncing this letter -
Religious Studies: Islam 117

6. When the middle part of the tongue touches the upper palate
gives these three sounds are pronounced-

7. When the side of the base of the tongue touches the upper
molar tooth, comes out the pronunciation of -

8. When the side of the tip of the tongue, touches the upper teeth
comes the sound of one letter -

9. When the tip of the tongue touches the palate it gives the
sound of this letter -

10. When the back side of the tongues touches the upper jaw
pronunciation of comes of this letter-

11. There are three letters which are pronounced being touched
with lower end of the upper teeth. These are -

12. The tip of the tongue, when comes in contact with the first
part of the two teeth of the lower jaw comes the
pronunciation of -

13. When the tip of the tongue touches the first part the upper
two teeth comes the pronunciation of these letters -
118 Teaching Of The Glorious Quran

14. When the wet part of the lower lip touches the upper two
teeth comes out the pronunciation of this letter -

15. These three letters are pronounced from two lips -

This letter is pronounced from the wet part of the lip -

This letter is pronounced from the dry part of the lip -

16. These madd letters are pronounced from the cavity of the
mouth -

17. These gunnah sound comes from the base of the nose -

Now Let us prepare a list of makhraj and try to pronounce

according to the rules of makhraj.
Religious Studies: Islam 119

Let us know the places of makhraj of the Arabic letters with

the help of the figure given below. We shall pronounce
according to proper makhraj.

Nasal cavity

Cavity of mouth Hard palate

Place of pronunciation
of Soft palate
Lips
Place of pronunciation
of Tongue

Place of pronunciation
of
Uvula

Upper part of larynx

Middle part of larynx

Root of larynx
120 Teaching Of The Glorious Quran

Chart-1

1. The teacher will pronounce correctly. The students will listen

attentively.
2. The learners will pronounce. The teacher will observe.
3. That is how the practice will continue up to chart 8.

Hearing and pronouncing

Reading and writing

Chart-2

Listening and Pronouncing

Religious Studies: Islam 121

Reading and writing

Chart-3

Listening and Pronouncing

Reading and writing

Chart-4

Listening and Pronouncing

122 Teaching Of The Glorious Quran

Reading and writing

Chart-5
Listening and Pronouncing

Reading and writing

Chart-6

Listening and Pronouncing

Religious Studies: Islam 123

Reading and writing

Chart-7

Listening and Pronouncing

Reading and writing

124 Teaching Of The Glorious Quran

Chart-8

Listening and Pronouncing

Reading and writing

Religious Studies: Islam 125

Waqf (Pause, Sign Of Stopping)

'Waqf' is an Arabic word. Its literal meaning is to stop or to give

a pause. In the term of tajvid waqf is the pause between two
breathings. In every waqf the last letter of the last word will get
'jazm'. This is called sakin alss.
No work becomes satisfactory and pleasant if it is done without
break. As for an example if a vehicle or a machine is run non
stop, there is every possibility of its being damaged or of
happening of an accident.
Similarly, we also do not study continuously or without any
break, nor do we do any work continuously, rather we give
some break while doing any work. As a result we get pleasure
and interest in the study or in any work. It enhances our
attention and increases our energy.
Even, when we talk we do not speak non-stop, or without
punctuating pause. We give pause or we stop at intervals.
Similarly, pauses should be given at intervals when reciting the
holy Quran by which there occurs on possibility of any
distortion of the meaning of the ayat.
The waqf can not be done without giving jazm'or sakin at the
last latter of the word. If it is needed to do waqf before sign of
stopping then one can stop at the time of the reciting Holy
Quran. But the recitantion should be started from the very word,
126 Teaching Of The Glorious Quran

where it was stoped.

Following are the stop signs :

= This sign indicates the finishing of the sentence. This is

called "waqf tamm" (full stop). One should stop here.
= This is called 'waqf lazim'. It says that the reader must
stop here. Because, if not stopped there is possibility of
the change of the meaning.
= This sign is called 'waqf mutlaq'. Mutlaq means general.
It is like comma. It indicates that a short break is better
here.
= It is called 'waqf jayez'. Here one may or may not stop,
but stopping is the best thing to do.
= It is called 'waqf mujawaz'. Mujawaz means approved.
It is better not to stop here.
= It is called 'waqf murak-khas'. Murakkhas means
approved. It is better not to pause here. But pause is
permissible in case the reader's breath finishes.
= In this sign though some difference of opinion is there
regarding breaking or not, but most of the rhetorical are
of opinion, not to break here.
= Here stopping is better.
Religious Studies: Islam 127

= This sign says not to stop or break. One must not stop if
the sign is in the middle of the sentence. But if the sign
is at the end of the sentence on the round (?) mark then
one can stop here.
= This sign says stopping and not stopping both are
permissible.
= This sign says, continuing to read (without breaking) is
better.
= This sign says little pause is better, but the breeth
should be continued. In the whole Quran this sign
exists in eight places.
128 Teaching Of The Glorious Quran

Idgam And Gunnah

Gunnah is a technique to recite Holy Quran correctly. It means

keeping sound in the nose for some time. Idgam is an added
pronunciation.
We learnt that Arabic letters are 29 in number. From these 29
letters (meem) and (noon), if they get tashdid ( ) they
will give humming sound (keeping the sound in the nose for
some time). Gunnah is wajib. The smallest duration of gunnah
sound is equal to the prolonging of one Alif; as :

(Inna), (Amma), (Summa) etc.

According to the expert readers of the Quran gunnah is wajib

(must be followed). So, in tajvid (technique of pronunciation)
the importance of gunnah is enormous. In reciting the Quran
correctly and beautifully gunnah's role is very significant.

Idgam
We have to know another thing which is essential for reciting
the Quran correctly. That is Idgam. The combined
pronunciation of two letters is called Idgam. Idgam is of two
kinds; (1) Idgam with gunnah (2) Idgam without gunnah, as :

These four letters are pronounced with gunnah :

Religious Studies: Islam 129

On the other hand, if and come after noon sakin and

tanvin then these two letters are pronounced with
without gunnah. It is called Idgam without gunnah. Such as: etc.

Surah Al-Feel

revealed in Makkah (Verse-5)

In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful

Alam tara kaifa fa'ala Rabbuka

bi- ashabil feel.

Alam yaj'al kaidahum fee taddleel.

Wa arsala alaihim tairan Ababeel.

Tarmeehim bi-hijaratim min sijjeel.

Fajalahum ka-'asfim ma'kool.

Meaning :
1. Have you not seen how did your Lord deal with the owners
130 Teaching Of The Glorious Quran

of the elephants?
2. Did He not bring their stratazm to nothingness?
3. And sent over them flights of birds named Ababeel.
4. Which pelted them with stones?
5. Thus he made them like the devoured grass.

Surah Al Quraish

Revealed in Makkah (Verse-4)

In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful

Lieelafi Quraish. Eelafiheem rihlatash-

shitaa-i-was-saif Fal-ya'budoo

rabba hajal baiti Allazee at'amahum

min jooi un-wa- amanahum min

Khaufin.
Religious Studies: Islam 131

Meaning:
1. There is affection of the Quraish
2. Affection for the journey in summer and winter
3. So, let them worship the Lord of this house.
4. Who has fed them against hunger and made them safe from fear.

Surah Al-Ma'uoon

Revealed in Makkah (Verse-7)

In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful

A-ra'aitallazee yukazzibu biddeen

Fa-zalikallazee yadu'ul yateem

Wa-la yahuddu 'ala ta'amil miskeeni

Fa-wailul-lil-musalleen

Allazeena hum-'an salatihim sahoon.

Allazeena hum yuraa-woona

Wa-yamna'yoonal ma'yoon.
132 Teaching Of The Glorious Quran

Meaning:
1. Have you seen the person who denies the Deen, (religion)?
2. That is the person who harshly repels the orphans.
3. And does not encourage (others) to feed the destitute.
4. Then woe to those who perform salat
5. They are heedless of their prayers.
6. Who display the show of piety?
7. And refrain from helping in things of the houshold
necessity.

Surah Al-Kawthar

Revealed in Makkah (Verse-3)

In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.

Inna 'a-t-wainakal kawthar.

Fa-swalli-li-rabbika wan-har

Inna Shani-aka huwal 'abtar.

Religious Studies: Islam 133

Meaning :
1. Verily I have given you the abundance.
2. So, pray to your Lord and offer sacrifice (for Him)
3. Surely it is your insulter, who is without posterity.

Surah Al-Kafirun

Revealed in Makkah (Verse-6)

In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.

Qul Ya-'ayyuhal Kafirun.

La a'budu ma ta'buduna.

Wa-la 'antum 'abiduna ma a'budu

Wa-La 'ana 'abidum ma 'abadtum

Wa-La 'antum 'abiduna ma a'budu

Lakum deenukum wa lia deen.

Meaning :
1. Say, (O Prophet) O, disbelievers!
134 Teaching Of The Glorious Quran

2. I do not worship any one whom you worship.

3. You do not worship whom I worship.
4. And I do not worship whom you worship.
5. You will not worship whom I worship.
6. Your religion is to you, and my religion is to me.

Exercise

Subjective questions:
1. Al-Quran is whose messages? How many are the goals of
reciting the Quran and what are they?
2. How many things you will learn if you recite the Quran
understanding the meaning? Make a list of those benefits.
3. What do you mean by tajvid? Mention what benefits do
you get byreciting the Quran with correct pronunciation.
4. What do you mean by Makhraj? How many makhraj are
there? Write any two of them with examples.
5. Write a list of the names of the places of pronunciation of
the Arabic letters.
6. Make a list of the letters which are pronounced from the throat.
7. Make a list of the letters which are pronounced by the help
of the tongue.
 Religious Studies: Islam 135

8. What is 'waqf'? What is its purpose? Who was the first

person to use these signs?
9. Draw the signs of waqfe tamm, Lazim and mutlaq.
10. What is gunnah? How many letters of gunnah are there and
what are they?
11. Write the meaning of surah Al Feel.
12. Write surah Al-Kawthar in Arabic.
13. Write the meaning of surah Al-Kawthar in Bangla.
14. Write the meaning of surah Al-Ma'uoon.

Objective Questions:
Give tick mark (
) on the right answer:
1. The letters which are pronounced from the middle of the throat-
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
2. What letters are pronounced from the last end of the throat tube-
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
3. What letters are pronounced by the first portion of the tongue
touching the upper jaw-
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
136 Teaching Of The Glorious Quran

4. The pronunciation which comes when the tongues frontal

edge touches the upper portion of the lower two teeth-
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
5. The pronunciation¨ which comes when the last end of the
tongue touches the palate-
(a) (b)

(c) (d)

6. Letters that are pronounced touching the middle of the

tongue with the upper palate-
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
7. Letters which are pronounced with frontal edge of the tongue
being touched with the lower end of the upper teeth-
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
8. Who is the protector of the Holy Quran?
(a) angles (b) Allah
(c) prophet or messengers (d) man
Religious Studies: Islam 137

9. Where is the Quran kept preserved?

(a) On the earth (b) In the sky

(c) lauh mahfuz (d) the open space of the sky

10. How many are the purposes of the recitation of the
Quran?
(a) 5 (b) 4

(c) 3 (d) 2
11. The rule of the recitation of the Holy Quran correctly, is
called:
(a) bangla grammar (b) Tajbid
(c) grammar (d) Kitab

12. The place of the pronunciation of Arabic letter is called :

(a) tajbid (b) makhraj

(c) waqf (d) gunnah

13. How many are the places of the pronunciation of Arabic

letters?

(a) 18 (b) 17

(c) 16 (d) 19
 Chapter-5

Life Sketch
Allah, the Merciful has created man on earth. Man is the
Ashraful Makhluqat or the best of all creations. Allah has
created man on earth as His representative with much affection.
He wants man to live on earth in the way of truth and beauty, to
live peacefully. But how would they live on earth in peace?
Which path would they tread on? What work would they do?
To inform man all about these Allah has sent on earth many
great men. They are the Prophet and Messengers of Allah. They
are our teachers. They taught us that Allah is One and second to
none. He has no partner. They taught men the rule off formal
performances (by which we can show and prove our obedience
to Him). They also taught the way of leading life on earth.
In the holy Quran, the names of 25 prophets have been
mentioned. We shall come know the life sketches of some of
them in this chapter.
Hazrat Adam (As)
Hazrat Adam (As) is the first man and first prophet on earth.
Allah said to the angels: "I want to create khaleefa
(representative) in the world. The angels said: "Oh Lord! Will
you create somebody on earth who would create chaos and shed
blood? Whereas it is we who are always glorifying your
Religious Studies: Islam 139

Holiness and Greatness? Allah said : "I know what you know
not". Allah created Adam (As) with a noble goal. And the goal
is Allah created Adam (As) with a noble goal. And the goal is to
worship Allah and to establish His rules and regulations in the
world Allah, the Great made first a shape of the body of Adam
(As) with clay. Then He inserted soul (rooh) in it and named
him Adam (As).
Allah bestowed upon Adam (As) much wisdom and knowledge.
He bestowed him the highest position among all the living
creatures.
Allah showed the angels many things and then asked them the
names of these things. The angels could not say. Then He asked
Adam (As) about them. Then Adam (As) told the names of all
those things immediately.
Then Allah said to the angels : "Adam is superior to you. So,
you all prostrate before him as a mark of respect ". All of them
bowed down head in his honour, except Iblees. He did not
prostrate Adam (As) and did not show respect to him. Rather he
said boastfully: " Adam is made with clay and I am made of
fire, so I am superior to Adam."
Allah does not like any boastful person; He became displeased
with Iblees and ousted him from heaven (Jannat). Then Iblees
turned to be cursed Saitan.
Allah placed Adam (As) in the heaven. He arranged for him all
sorts of food and drinks, fruits and all sorts of comfort. But
Adam (As) was alone in the heaven. He was not feeling well.
140 Life Sketch

So, Allah created Hawa (As) to remove his loneliness. Hazrat

Hawa (As) became the first woman on earth.
Then Allah said, "You live in heaven, eat and drink whatever
you like. But be ware of this tree, do not go near this tree or you
will suffer a lot".
Hazrat Adam (As) and Hazrat Hawa (As) went on living in
heaven happily obeying the orders of Allah. But Iblees could
not tolerate such heavenly comfort of Adam (As) & Hawa (As)
so, he started thinking how to cause harm to them. At last One
day he made Hazrat Adam (As) and Hazrat Hawa (As) forgetful
about Allah's order by playing a trick. They went to that
forbidden tree and ate fruits.
Allah was displeased with them for disobeying Allah's order. He
expelled them from the heaven to the earth.
Realizing the mistake done by them Hazrat Adam (As) and
Hazrat Hawa (As), both repented a lot. They prayed to Allah for
forgiveness. At last Allah forgave them, accepted their
penitence.
At the time of departure of Hazrat Adam (As) and Hazrat Hawa
(As) Allah told them: " Iblees is your perpetual enemy. He will
always make plan to harm you; he will throw you into danger
and deceive you. So, be ware of his deception and conspiracy. I
will send all my rules and regulations to you. You must obey
those instructions. Thus you would be able to live again in
heaven peacefully."
After that Adam (As) and Hawa (As) started their new life on
Religious Studies: Islam 141

earth. They gave birth to a host of descendants. The earth

started to be full with mankind. Thus started the journey of
mankind.
Hazrat Adam (As) taught his children the Islamic way of life.
He told them: " Allah is the Creator of the whole universe. He is
One and Second to none. He has no partner. You will worship
Him only . Seek only His help in all affairs. Bow down your
head only to Him . Thus you will get peace in the life here and
in reward you will get Jannat in the hereafter. On the other
hand, in case of violation of His orders, there shall be sorrow in
this world and in the life hereafter you will be punished
severely.
Now, let us make a list of the teachings of Adam (As) that he
had given to his children.
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.
142 Life Sketch

Hazrat Nooh (As)

We know, a great long period passed after the demise of Adam
(As), by this time the population increased many times on earth.
On the other hand, being deceived by the devil, men forgot the
instructions of Allah. Gradually they got involved in all kinds of
vices and misdeeds. They went on creating disturbance and
chaos on the earth. Not only that, they started worshipping
many other objects of creations forgetting to worship Allah
alone. Some started worshipping various idols. Some started to
worshipping sun, moon and stars. Some started worshipping,
trees, rivers, hills, mountains, animals, and beasts of various
kinds. And some became involved to satisfy their own
inclination.
Under the circumstances Allah started sending prophets and
messengers to show the right and straight path to the people
who went astray. Nooh (As) was one of such of prophets sent by
Allah. He went on inviting people to the way of Allah (deen) for
long nine hundred and fifty years continuously.
He said: "Believe in Allah and fear Him. Give up worshipping
idols and worship Him only. Do the good and refrain form
doing the evil? Seek bounty and blessings of Allah. Believe in
the life hereafter.
During this long time only forty men and forty women accepted
the faith in Allah. And they returned back to the way of Allah.
The rest of the people did not pay any importance to his
preaching. They remained unbelievers. They continued to laugh
Religious Studies: Islam 143

at him, jest him. They continue to give him troubles in many

ways.
At last he became disheartened after continuing this state for a
long period, He prayed to Allah saying : O my Lord! The people
of my tribe are not coming back to your path in spite of my
preaching so diligently; rather they are going afar from you.
You destroy them.
Allah lets Nooh (As) to know that within a short period Allah's
doom will befall upon them. Soon there would be devastating
cyclone and great flood. Allah advised Nooh (As) to keep ready
a ship to escape His punishment. Moreover, Allah said to him
that he should take his followers on board the ship as soon as
there is a hint of such oncoming punishment at this order of
Allah Nooh (As) built a large ship. He explained to his people,
that the punishment of Allah is coming for not obeying him.
Despite such warning people did not come to the right way.
Rather they began laughing at him and jesting to Nooh (As) all
the more.
One day truly the sign of flood appeared. Water started to gush
out from the ground. Violent rain and storm started. Nooh (A)
took on board the ship all the believers and all kinds of animals
in pairs. He said to the believers, "Get into the boat in the name
of Allah". It will go on and stop with name of Allah(As). Before
the ship started he recited:

Bismillahi majreha wa mursaha, inna Rabbi Lagafurur Rahim.

144 Life Sketch

Meaning : "It will move on with name of Allah and it also will
stop with the name of Allah. My Lord is the Forgiving and the
Merciful."
The incessant rain continued for forty days. Water also kept on
coming out of the ground with great speed. The earth went
under floodwater. All the disbelievers perished drowning.
Hazrat Nooh (As) had one son, named kena'n. He also died
drowning for disobeying the biddings of Allah and the prophets.
Hazrat Nooh (As) prayed to Allah to stop the flood. After forty
days the flood stopped and the water started receding. The ship
of Hazrat Nooh (As) stopped on the mountain Judi. Hazrat
Nooh (As) got down from the ship with all his followers and the
animals Again the earth became habitable with greenery as it
was before. The human life started anew. Hazrat Nooh (As)
devoted himself with full vigour for preaching Allah's religion
again
After the flood Hazrat Nooh (A) cultivated earth again as did
Hazrat Adam (As). This is why Nooh (As) is regarded as the
second Adam.
Hazrat Nooh (As) was totally devoted to preaching the truth and
the righteousness. He never stopped to doing his missionary
campaign in spite of many obstacles.
Similar sufferings and tortures also may come in our life too if
we go on doing the same job preaching of truth and justice. In
such conditions we should forbear and remain steadfast on
Allah's way.
Religious Studies: Islam 145

Hazrat Ibrahim (As)

Through out the ages Allah continued to send prophets and
messengers to guide people who went astray to the right path.
One of them was Hazrat Ibrahim (As). He is well known and
respected to the Muslims, the Jews and the Christians equally.
Many prophets and messengers were born in the descendants of
Ibrahim (As). Hazrat Musa (As), Hazrat Isa (As) and Hazrat
Muhammad (Sm) all were born in his clan.
Hazrat Ibrahim (As) was born in East Iraq few thousand years
ago. At that time men of the whole world were engaged in
worshipping the sun, the moon, the gods and goddesses the
idols, and some animate and inanimate objects, forgetting Allah.
They were fallen from right path.
They used to go to the astrologers to know the good and bad of
their fate. They had enormous faith on the astrologers. Those
astrologers used to deceive people by saying about some
unknown and obscure things.
The priests would perform the worship on behalf of others. The
group of priests had some secret communion with the
contemporary kings and emperors. Both of these sects: the kings
and the emperors and the priests would co-operate with each
other for to make common people their obedient servant through
deception. The priests would say to the people: the kings and
emperors are the arbiter of man's fate. They have got all power
to do what ever they like with life and property of the subjects.
By saying this they used to get worship from them.
146 Life Sketch

Hazrat Ibrahim (A) was born in an environment, which was full

of superstitions. He was born in a clan of professional priests.
Though he was born in such a priest family he used to think:
"Who is my Lord? Who is my Creator? What is the purpose of
the Creator in creating me?"
When the darkness of night enveloped him he said seeing a star
"This is my Lord". But when it set, then he said: "I do not like
things that set."
And when he saw the moon rising with all its radiance, he said :
"This is my Lord." But when it also set, he said: "Unless my
Lord guides me the right path I shall be one of those who had
gone astray."
And when he saw the sun rising gloriously he said: "This is my
Lord, this is the best." And when it also set he exclaimed: Oh
my people! I have no relationship with those people who
associate Allah with others. (surah Al-an'am V-76-78). He said
further:

meaning : Verily, I have turned my face uprightly towards

Him, who has created the skies and the earth and I am not one
of the idolaters. (surah Al-an'am, V-79)
After the proclamation of the Oneness of Allah Ibrahim (As)
became engulfed by all sorts of adversities. His priest father
Azar himself said: - "Ibrahim, I will forsake you, oust you from
the house and nowhere you would get the slightest shelter. " The
ruler of the country also went against him. In spite of that
Religious Studies: Islam 147

Ibrahim (As) did not become the least worried, nor afraid. He
gallantly said to his father and the king Namrud, "I have brought
belief in Allah, I would only abide by His rules.
" Eventually the imperial decree announced: The rebel Ibrahim
would be killed by burning alive. Ibrahim did not become the
least worried. Because he was a Muslim, believing in Allah
alone. And never a Muslim fears any body else except Allah.
The tyrant king Namrud ordered to make a fire-pit. Then
Ibrahim (As) was thrown into that dreadful fire-pit. Just at that
very moment (of throwing) Allah commanded the fire:

(Ya naru kuni bardanwa salaman 'ala ibrahim)

Meaning : O fire! Be cold and comfortable for Ibrahim. (Surah
Yusuf, V-69).
By the command of Allah instantly the fire became cold and
comfortable. Hazrat Ibrahim (As) got no harm at all. Safe and
sound he came out from fire. He again continued to call people
to the path of Allah. But still nobody paid any heed to his
words. Rather they reinforced their oppression. Under the
circumstances he left his birth land and relatives and he visited
(hizrat) Syria, Egypt, Palestine and other countries. This time
also he faced multifarious types of troubles. Still he did not stop
preaching the religion of Allah.
When he was 86 years old and despaired of getting children, he
prayed to Allah for child. Allah granted his prayer and bestowed
148 Life Sketch

him with children.

Hazrat Ismaeel was born in the womb
of Hazrat Hajera (As) wife of Hazrat
Ibrahim (As). A few days after the
birth of Ismaeel (As) Allah ordered
Ibrahim to carry the mother and the
son to Makka and leave them there.
Hazrat Ibrahim obeyed the order of
Allah properly. He took them there
Picture: Safa & Marwa
and left them there.
By the grace of Almighty Allah water gushed out from the
desert of Makka at the hitting by the child Ismaeel's heel. Thus
the famous well of Zamzam created. Getting the news of water
people from all around rushed to it in groups and there grew up
a human habitation. Now and then Hazrat Ibrahim (As) would
come and inquired about them.
Allah tested Ibrahim (As) in many ways. During this the well-
known incident of the sacrifice of Ismaeel (As) took place.
Then Ibrahim (As) engazed Ismaeel (As) in preaching the
religion in Makka. Later on both father and the son rebuilt the
ka'ba (Baitullah), the centre of Islam, in this very place.
After the construction of ka'bah Hajrat Ibrahim (Aa) invited all
the people of the world to perform pilgrimage (Hajj) there. His
call was universal and for all ages to come. During Hajj season
of every year people from all corners go to Holy Makka to perform
Hajj. The sound rises in chorus there: "Labbaik Allahumma Labbaik,
Religious Studies: Islam 149

O Allah, we are present at your court". The heaven and earth re-
vibrates with such utterances of millions of people.
Hazrat Ibrahim (As) was Allah's beloved servant and
messenger. His title was "Khalilullah". It means intimate friend
of Allah. Our beloved prophet sayidul mursaleen Hazrat
Muhammad (Sm) was descendant of Hazrat Ibrahim (As).
We shall accept the ideology of life of Hazrat Ibrahim (As) and
mould ourselves to be the beloved servants of Allah.

Hazrat Dawud (As)

Another special prophet was Hazrat Dawud (As). He was both
renowned Prophet and king. Allah declared in the Quran :

Atahullahul mulka wal hikmata wa'allamahu mimma yashawu."

Meaning : Allah gave him empire and wisdom and taught him
whatever He wished.
Further He said in the Holy Quran :

(Ya Dawuda Inna ja'alnaka Khaleefatan fil ardi).

Meaning: "O Dawud!, Certainly I, have made you
representative on earth."
The renowned kitab (divine book) Zabur was revealed to great
150 Life Sketch

prophet Dawud (As), Allah Said :

Wa ataina Dawuda Zabura

Meaning : I, have bestowed Zabur on Dawud (As)'

In spite of being a powerful king he was very much righteous.
The people would always get justice from him. His judicial
system was unbiased and free from any defect.
He was a person of great bravery and heroism. He defeated and
killed the rebel and the tyrant ruler Jalut by his heroism, bravery
and war strategy. He saved the people from his oppression.
Most of the time Hazrat Dawud (As) used to engage himself in
ibadat of Allah. Prophet Muhammad (Sm) said : "The night
time's of salat of Dawud (As) was the dearest salat to Allah.
And fasting of Dawud (As) every alternate day was dearest
fasting to Allah." He would have little sleep in the night. Most
of the time he would weep while remaining in Sijda
(prostration).
Hazrat Dawud (As) was a great humanitarian. He would come
out in disguise and roam about the city to see the condition of
the subjects with his own eyes. He would pay visit to the
commoners. He would ask them "What type of person Dawud
is?" Every one's answer had always been : "Dawud (As) is a
dear servant of Allah. He is an upright emperor."
He used to make iron-armours by melting iron and sell in the
market. The money he earned he would divide that into three
Religious Studies: Islam 151

portions. He himself would take 1/3 for himself and for the
maintenance of his family, 1/3 he would give away to the poor
and destitute and would keep 1/3 reserved for charity-works in
future.
Allah endowed Dawud (As) with an inexhaustible bounty. In
addition to his physical beauty Allah graced him with sweet
voice. He used to recite kitab Zabur with his sweet voice.
Hearing his recitation the birds of the woods would come down
on the ground and ardently listen to it. Even the fishes of the sea
would come out from water and would hear his recitation
attentively. Like other great prophets he also possessed the
special power of mu'jiza (miracle) gifted by Allah; such as he
and his son Hazrat Sulaiman (As) would understand the
language of the birds. They could talk to the birds. Hazrat
Dawud was alive till he was 70 years old.
Let us be hard-working like Dawud (As). We shall establish
justice in the society.

Hazrat Isa (As)

Allah sent on earth innumerable great men in different ages to
show the derailed people the right path. They are our guides.
We know them as prophets and messengers of Allah.
Allah sent His divine books of guidance to some of them to
bring back the misguided men to the right path. Messengers
who were given the divine books are called Rasul. Hazrat Isa(A)
was one of these Rasuls.
152 Life Sketch

Hazrat Isa (As) was born at Bethelhem in Palestine. He was

born from the womb of his mother by the grace of Allah in an
abnormal way as an exceptional case. He was born without any
father. His mother was Marium (As), the daughter of Imran, a
noble, chaste and virtuous woman.
Allah is the possessor of infinite power. No created being can
comprehend his boundless power. He has proclaimed in the
Quran: (Yakhluqu ma yashawu)

Meaning : "He creates whatever He intends".

In that way Allah created him as He created Hazrat Adam (As)
and Hazrat Hawa (As) without any parents.
While a child in the cradle Isa (As) was gifted with supernatural
power of speech by the grace of Almighty Allah. He honoured
him by giving Isa (As) some super natural power in some
matters. He was given the power to bring back a dead person to
life, bringing back sight to a born blind person, curing patients
suffering from leprosy etc.
Allah the Great, revealed Injil, the famous divine book to him.
He called his nation to submit to One Allah.
He invited them to refrain from all sorts of acts of association of
partners to Allah. But the Jews became his dead enemies when
they found his teachings were hampering their interests and
preventing them from corrupt practices. They started giving
troubles to him from all sides. Even they conspired heinously to
murder him. One day they closed him inside his house. Then
Religious Studies: Islam 153

they sent a person inside his room to slay him. But that person
did not find him out. Allah saved him by His infinite power and
took him up to the heaven alive.
At that very moment, the appearance of that person turned with
the image of Hazrat Isa (As) by Allah's command. Failing in his
attempt to murder when he came out of the room, his
companions (the Jews) took him to be Hazrat Isa (As) himself
and killed him by crucifixion.
Allah has narrated the story in the Quran in the following
words:

Meaning : They did not slay him, nor did they crucify him,
rather they fell in an illusion. Those who differed about him,
surely they were in doubt. They have no knowledge at all about
him, except persuiting a conjecture. And it is definite that they
could not kill him, Rather Allah uplifted him towards His own
self (Surah an-Nisa-157-158).
He would come again on earth before the day of doom in the
last stage of the world. This time he would stay on earth for
forty years. He would kill Dajjal, who falsely claimed to be
Allah. He would establish Allah's rule of justice, and peace on
earth. This time Isa (A) would preach as a follower of Hazrat
Muhammad (Sm). After that, he will meet a natural death. His
body would be buried beside the grave of the Prophet
154 Life Sketch

Muhammad (Sm.).
Hazrat Isa passed his whole life in preaching the Oneness of
Allah. He did never run after his own comfort or happiness.
Rather, he always struggled for bringing men from idolatry,
lawlessness and evil ways and leading men towards righteous
and virtuous path. His continuous efforts were aimed at turning
the common people as to be pure servants of Allah. But, it is a
matter of great regret that his own people, the Christians made
him Allah's son and turning from his way they became involved
openly in shirk (or making sharer in Allah's power). Where as
Allah, the Almighty Creator, created Hazrat Adam and Hazrat
Hawa, without parents. Similarly creating Isa (A) without father
was not a different job for Almighty Allah. So, there is no logic
to say that he is Allah's son.
Let Allah keep us free from the influence of idolatry and all
kinds of shirk so that we may execute in our daily life the ideals
of Hazrat Isa (A) and other Rasuls and messengers.
Life of the great Prophet
Hazrat Muhammad (Sm.)
It happened about one thousand and four hundred years ago.
Condition of the world of those days was not like that of today.
The world was quite different in those days. There were no
mechanized vehicles such as motorcars, railways, steamers,
launches etc. One needed several months to travel from one
country to another. There were no mill-factories, printing
presses, printed books, papers, magazines etc. at that time. Even
Religious Studies: Islam 155

there were not any scientific equipments like computers,

telephones etc.
There is a country named Arabia, far away to the west from our
country. Its geographical, social, economical and political
condition was very miserable and deplorable. The lands were all
sandy. Wherever it is looked upon nothing but ocean of sand
could be seen. There were no trees, nor any green fields. Nor
was there any school or maktab. No educational facilities were
there.
In Arabia people used to be engaged in murderous activities,
looting, fighting, snatching away other's belongings, enmity,
robbery etc. in an unhindered way .There was no security of
life. There was nothing of law and Justice. Drinking wine,
taking interest, gambling and other vices were their usual affairs
of life.
In this personal life there was no difference between Halal
(permissible) and Haram (prohibited), between true and false or
right and wrong. They did not show respect to the law and
order. There were no misdeeds, which they did not do. They
were absorbed in Shirk (accepting partner to Allah). In history,
this period is called Ayyam-e-Jahiliyyat. It means the period of
ignorance.
Our beloved Prophet (sm) was born in such an age, and in such
a vulnerable condition of the society as a saviour of mankind
and guide to the light and truth. He was the best of all Prophets
and the best man among all human beings. He was born in the
clan of Quraish, respectable tribe of Arabia. His father's name
156 Life Sketch

was Hazrat Abdullah. He died before the birth of Muhammad

(Sm.). His mother's name was Hazrat Amina. She died when the
age of the beloved Prophet (Sm.) was six only. His grandfather
Abdul Muttalib also died when he was eight. Losing the
affection of parents and grandfather he was brought up at the
house of his uncle Abu Talib.
According to the custom of Arabia, Muhammad (Sm.) was sent
to his foster-mother Halima in his very childhood for rearing
and for learning pure Arabic in a calm and quiet environment.
Halima was from the clan of Banu Sa'adia. Childhood and
boyhood of Muhammad (Sm.) were very good, pure and ideal.
In his youth he gave attention to the trade and commerce.
Though he had to mix with all of his neighbouring barbaric
Arab people, yet he was always quite different from them. His
behaviour was very good and his character was pleasant. He did
never tell lies, nor did he do any misbehave with others, nor he
used any harsh language with anybody.
The great Prophet was very much trustworthy. He would treat
other's money and wealth as kept in his custody. The inhabitants
of whole Arabia were pleased and charmed at his incomparably
amiable behaviour. They used to call him "Al-Ameen". 'Al-
Ameen' means trustworthy.
Hazrat Muhammad (Sm.) formed a youth organization, namedv
"Hilf-ul-Fuzul". He tried his best to protect property and honour
of the people of the society and to save them from injustice
prevailing in the society and he served the mankind.
The great Prophet (Sm.) became very sad seeing his nation
Religious Studies: Islam 157

involved in quarrel, fighting, looting, murdering etc. At wartime

he tried his level best for peace. His soft heart filled with grief
due to the sufferings of the people. He would help the orphans
and the widows. He would feed the hungry and the destitute. He
would never cause any pain to any body, Rather he courted
sufferings himself at the sufferings of others. He, in his heart,
felt deep disliking and contempt against idol worship. The
words, "Allahu Ahadun, La Sharika Lahu, Allah is One, He has
no partner"- would spring out from the core of his heart
spontaneously.
From the very boyhood the great Prophet (Sm.) would deeply
feel sorry to see the sufferings of the people of the society.
He used to
think how the
grievance of
men could be
removed. With
the passing of
the days his
thinking grew
more. When
he was about
forty years old
he became
more and more
The cave of Hira. Here Prophet (Sm.) restless. At last
used to have meditation. he went on
meditation in a solitary place, in the cave of Hira, 3 miles away
158 Life Sketch

from Makka.
By then the Prophet (Sm.) reached the age of forty. It was the
night of Qadar in the month of Ramadan. The beloved prophet
(Sm.) was in deep meditation in the cave of Hira. There was
complete silence all around. Suddenly the dark cave became full
of light. The angel Jibraeel (A) came to him on behalf of Allah
with 'Ohi', the holy message of Allah. He said to Allah's beloved
Prophet (Sm.): (Iqra) Read! Angel Jibraeel pronounced the
first five verses of surah Alaq. Prophet Muhammad (Sm.) also
pronounced with him. Those five verses are as follows:

Iqra bismi rabbikallazi khalaq

Khalaqal insana min 'alaq

Iqra wa rabbukal akram

Allazi 'allama bil qalam

Allamal insana ma lam ya'alam

Meaning:
1. Read in the name of your Lord, who created.
2. He created man from alaq (clot).
3. Read, your Lord is the Glorious.
4. Who teaches by the pen.
5. He taught man what he did not know.
Angel Jibraeel (As) informed him the good news about his
Religious Studies: Islam 159

Prophet hood. He said: "O Muhammad (Sm.), you are Allah's

Rasul (messenger). From that time on the Quran, the charter of
salvation, the guidebook of mankind started to be revealed on
him.
There after, at Allah's command the Prophet (Sm.) started to call
people to Islam, the ever beautiful, the ever lasting, the
complete code of life of mankind.
He said: Everybody has to obey Allah alone. He is One and He
has no partner. He also said: "Leave the way of sin and false
hood and follow the way of truth. Serve the helpless. Your
falsely made gods and goddesses have no power. They have no
power to do any good or bad to anybody. Allah is the owner of
the moon, the sun and of all the stars and planets. Only He is
your sustainer. Only He has got the power to give life and death.
So, obey Him only.
Again he said: Stealing, robbery, snatching away of others
goods, gambling, and adultery, deceiving, all these are acts of
sins. Therefore, give up all these bad practice. Speak the truth
and walk on the path of truth. Do justice. Don't kill anybody
unlawfully. Do not grab anybody's wealth illegally. Come back
to the path of truth and fairness. All of you are brothers to one
another.
The Prophet (Sm.) also made them understand that this life is
not the end. There is another life after death. That is the eternal
life. All have to be present before Allah in that life and give
accounts of their works in this world. People, who would obey
Allah and His rasul and do the virtuous deeds, would get
160 Life Sketch

salvation and will go to Jannat, the place of eternal bliss. And

people, who would disobey Allah and His rasul, will go to
Jahannam. Jahannam is the place of indescribable sufferings.
Now, let us make a list of the teachings of the Prophet (Sm.).

At first Hazrat Khadija (R) responded to the call of the Prophet

(Sm.). Then Hazrat Abu Bakar (R) accepted Islam. Later on,
many people gradually took shelter under the peaceful shade of
Islam. But, the chiefs of the Quraish did not embrace Islam.
They feared to lose their Leadership if they would accept Islam.
So, they started making deep conspiracies and continued to
oppress the Prophet (Sm.) and his small number of followers.
But nothing could stop the Prophet's preaching of Islam. Rather
his mission went on spreading day by day. Thus passed thirteen
years.
By that time some people came from Madina and accepted
Islam. They requested the Prophet (Sm.) to emigrate to Madina
with the hope that they would get him very near. Prophet (Sm.)
accepted their invitation. On the other hand the oppression of
the Quraish increased more and more. The Prophet (Sm.)
permitted the Muslims to emigrate to Madina. Getting his
Religious Studies: Islam 161

permission the Muslims left Makka for Madina leaving all their
belongings behind.
In the mean time the Quraish leaders conspired to kill the
Prophet (sm). With this end in view they surrounded the
Prophet's house at the dead of night fully armed. Allah informed
the prophet of all intrigues through His angels. He also
commanded him to emigrate from Makka as early as possible.
This emigration or hijrat means leaving one's homeland for any
right cause.
Hazrat Abu Bakar (R) accompanied the Prophet (Sm) at the
time of his
hizrat. They
took shelter in
the cave
'Thaur' as the
Quraish
pursued them.
After many
troubles and
hindrances
they reached
Madina on
24th Zabal-e-Thaur. The Prophet (Sm.) stayed here for three
days at the time of hijrat. Hazrat Abu Bakar (R) was with
September,
622 A.D.
The occurrence of hijrat is an important event in the history of
Islam. Islam got new speed and new energy.
162 Life Sketch

The People, who emigrated from Makka to Madina, are called

Muhajirs. Muhajir means a person who does hijrat meaning who
emigrates. The people who sheltered the Muhajir (emigrated
people) are called Ansar. Ansar means helpers.
After the hijrat the Prophet (Sm.) established an Islamic society
at Madina. He formed a nice Islamic society according to the
rules and regulations, given by Allah. Peace and welfare
prevailed in this society. The glory of Islam spread up gradually
day by day.
On the other hand the unbelievers and idolaters became envious
in their hearts seeing the glorious day of Islam. They made a
plan of war to hinder the progress of Muslim power forever
totally. With this end they started to attack Madina with a huge
army.
There is a wide field, named Badr, southernly seventy miles
away from Madina. The two forces met face to face in this field.
On one side there was the Quraish army. The number of the
Quraish army was one thousand, which was equipped with all
sorts of fatal weapons and necessaries of warfare, such as
camels, horses, arrows and bows and enormous quantity of food
materials. On the other hand the number of the Muslim
crusading army was only three hundred and thirteen. This
negligible army of the Muslims had no mentionable weapons.
But this army was full of indomitable courage and velour due to
their firm faith on Allah. They fought gallantly against the
Quraish troops. Eventually the Muslims became victorious.
Victory is certain in spite of shortage of weapons, if there is
Religious Studies: Islam 163

firmness in the way of Allah and determination to walk on the

right path. This was proved in the battle of Badr.
The Quraish army was badly defeated in the battle of Badr. Still
they did not become disheartened, rather they continued to
attack the Muslims repeatedly. Among these attacks the battle
of Uhud and that of Trenches were terrible.

The mountain Uhud- where the battle occurred, 70 Muslim warriors became
martyred. The Prophet (Sm.) lost his two teeth.

The aim of the unbelievers was to totally destroy the Muslims

and Islam. But Allah wished Islam to be victorious in the world.
He frustrated all the evil designs and conspiracy of the
unbelievers. The strength and power of the Muslims increased
manifold day by day.
164 Life Sketch

with dawat (invitation) of Islam to many rulers of many

countries.
It's the 8th year of Hijri. The Prophet (Sm.) started for Makka
with a huge gathering of ten thousand crusaders. The
unbelievers of Makka did not dare to face and fight them. The
Prophet (Sm.) captured Makka through a bloodless battle.
People, who ceaselessly tortured the Prophet (Sm.) for long
thirteen years and conspired to kill him and forced him to finally
leave Makka, his dear homeland, apprehended severe
punishment to them. But the kind Prophet (sm.) took no revenge
against them. Rather, he openly declared:
"I have no complain against you."

He forgave them all. All the Quraish people became over

whelmed with his generosity. Finding the kindness and
benevolence of the Prophet (Sm.) the people of Makka took
shelter in the cool shade of Islam in large groups. Thus the
establishment of Islamic state came to reality. With this the
Islamic social order got started.
In the 10th hijri year the Prophet (Sm.) in accompany of his
followers started for Hajj (the holy pilgrimage). The Muslims
from all around gathered in the wide field of Arafat. The
Prophet (Sm.) performed Hajj in the house of Ka'ba with more
than one lac followers. The sermon, the Prophet (Sm.) delivered
on this day is known in the history of Islam as the 'Fare-well-
Hajj-address' of the Prophet (Sm.). In this address, addressing
the huge gathering, he said:
Religious Studies: Islam 165

1. All Muslims are brothers to one another.

2. The life and property of all Muslims are sacred and
honourable to one another.
3. Always behave well with all of your sub-ordinates, feed them
what you eat, clothe them what you wear. N ever forget that
they are men like you.
4. N
ever should you punish one for any other's offence.
5. The debt must be re-paid.
6. The women have the same rights on men as men have on women.
7. Interests of all kinds are Haram (prohibited).

The Picture shows the view of the vast field of Arafat where the Prophet (Sm.)
delivered his fare-well-Hajj-address: This mountain is famous as Zabal-e-Rahmat.

The Prophet (Sm.) said much more valuable words in his fare-
well Hajj address. Concluding the sermon the Prophet (Sm.)
said: Good bye ! My fellows, good-bye!
Allah sent the Prophet (Sm.) on earth so that the call of Islam
166 Life Sketch

reached to all and to establish Islam. The Prophet (Sm.) was

completely successful in his mission. The Prophet (sm.) fell ill,
a few months after returning from this fare well pilgrimage. The
illness increased gradually.
At last the greatest Messenger of Allah, the dearest human on
earth, our beloved Prophet (Sm.) died on the 12th Rabiul
Awwal, in the eleventh Hijri year .
He was buried at one side of the Prophet's masjid (Masjid-e-
Nabbi). Even till today the hajj pilgrims go to Madina to visit
the holy shrine of the Prophet (sm.) and to pray for his departed
soul.
Our beloved Prophet (Sm.) was the man of the highest qualities
and the noblest character. In kindness, in contributions, in
benevolence, in magnanimity, he is the ideal of all people of all
ages. The path of life, showed by him is the path of peace. His
path is the path of salvation and welfare.
Allah says:
"Laqad Kana Lakum fee rasulillahi wuswatun hasanatun."
Meaning : "The best ideals for you the life of Muhammad
(Sm.), the Messenger of Allah."
So we should follow him at every moment, in every act and
deed, in all rules and customs and in all our movements.
The prophet left two most precious treasures for mankind.
These are: the holy Quran and the ideals of his way of life. No
body would ever be misguided if he continues to follow these
Religious Studies: Islam 167

two.
We are the follower of the Prophet (sm). We should follow his
ideas throughout our whole life. Let the most Merciful Allah
enable us to have that ability. Ameen.

Exercise

Subjective Questions:
1. What is name of the first man and the first Prophet? Give a
brief description of him.
2. Why did Allah expel Adam (As) and Hawa (As) from Jannat?
What did He say to them when expelling them out?
3. What did Adam (As) teach his children?
4. Make a list of the offences that the contemporary people of
Nooh (As) committed?
5. What did Nooh (As) teach the people?
6. What was the punishment, which befell during the period of
168 Life Sketch

Nooh (As) and why? Why did it come? Narrate the incident
briefly.
7. What did the people do during the period of Ibrahim (As)?
8. How would the kings and the priests co-operate and help each
other at the time of Hazrat Ibrahim (As)?
9. What did Ibrahim (As) think and declare when he attained
adulthood?
10. What where the dangers and punishments that befell upon
Ibrahim (As) when he declared the truth?
[Link] were the countries that he traveled, leaving his own
country and what did he think around day and night?
12. Whom did Ibrahim (As) engage in Jordan, Palestine and in
Makka to work for religion?
13. What did Allah say about Dawud (As)?
14. Write down What you know about the prayer of Hazrat
Dawud (As)?
15. How was the judgement of Dawud (As)? How did he earn
his livelihood?
16. Discuss about the recitation of the holy revealed book by
Dawud (As).
17. Where was Isa (As) born? And how was he born? Write down?
18. Write about what you know regarding the death of Isa (As).
Religious Studies: Islam 169

19. Write what you know about Isa (As)'s return to earth?

20. What were the thoughts of Isa (As)? Write down.

21. What was the condition of Arabia during the birth of

Prophet Muhammad (Sm.)?

22. What did Prophet Muhammad (Sm.) teach men?

23. What is Hijrat? Where did Muhammad emigrate and why?

24. Narrate the battle of Badr.

25. Give a description of the victory of Makka.

26. Write the last sermon of the Prophet (Sm.) during his
Farewell Hajj.

Objective Question:
Give tick (
) Mark on the right answer
1. How many people responded to the call of Nooh (As) and
accepted the way of Allah?
(a) 60 (b) 80
(c) 70 (d) 90
2. To whom did Nooh (As) complain on being oppressed?
(a) to Allah (b) to the saint
170 Life Sketch

(c) to any king or ruler (d) to the people

3. After how many days did the great flood recede during
the period of Nooh (As)?
(a) 30 days (b) 35 days
(c) 40 days (d) 45 days
4. Where was Ibrahim (As) born?
(a) In Makka (b) In Medina
(c) In Egypt (d) In Iraq
5. Who is called Khaleelullah?
(a) Ibrahim (As) (b) Hazrat Isa (As)
(c) Hazrat Musa (As) (d) Hazrat Nooh (As)
6. People of which country would bury female children
alive?
(a) People of Arabia (b) People of India
(c) People of Japan (d) People Iran
7. At what age of the prophet did his mother die?
(a) At 7 years (b) At 6 years
(c) At 5 years (d) At 8 years
8. Who was called Al-Ameen?
(a) Hazrat Musa (As) (b) Hazrat Nooh (As)
Religious Studies: Islam 171

(c) Hazrat Muhammad (Sm.) (d) Hazrat Isa (As)

9. In how many parts did Dawud (As) divide his wealth?
(a) In 2 parts (b) In 3 parts
(c) In 4 parts (d) In 5 parts
10. Where was Hazrat Isa (As) born?
(a) In Palestine (b) In Iraq
(c) In Yaman (d) In Makka
11. What was the name of Hazrat Isa's mother?
(a) Hazrat Ayesha (R) (b) Hazrat Fatima (R)
(c) Hazrat Maryam (As) (d) Hazrat Khadija (R)
172 Life Sketch

Hamd: In Praise of Allah

This beautiful flower and sweet water of rivers
All these are your kind offerings to us
This earthen basket full of green grains
All these are your kind offerings to us.
You have blessed us with many precious gifts,
Brothers, sons, relatives (kiths & kins)
You give us food, when we are hungry
No matter, whether we accept or not
These are all your bounty.
Oh Allah, we disobey you in every step,
But you keep us alive by giving us light & air.
You have sent us the best Prophet.
To help us to pass over the Judgment Day
So that we don't forget the right way
You have sent to us the verses of the Holy Quran
All these are your blessings to us.