Descriptive Geometry
Nov 1, 2017
Oblique Planes
Isometric View
View normal to oblique plane
2
Oblique Planes
Oblique plane is not
true shape or size in
any of these views
3
Learning Objectives
Recognize types of lines and planes
Find the length of a line using descriptive geometry
Find the true shape and size of a plane
4
Auxiliary Views
Recall from previous lecture
5
Creating an Aux View 1
Create a true size for the surface
ABCD
6
Creating an Aux View 2
Create a fold line parallel to the
surface
The line of site (LOS) is
perpendicular to this surface
7
Creating an Aux View 3
Draw Fold Lines
H-F and F-P
Lines at a distance X from the
rear edge of each view
Draw projection lines between
each view
8
Creating an Aux View 4
Create construction lines
perpendicular to the surface
9
Creating an Aux View 5
Measure the distance from the
fold line H-F to points B and C
Transfer these measurements
with respect to fold line F-1
10
Creating an Aux View 6
Repeat the measurements for
points A and D
Transfer into the Aux view
11
Creating an Aux View 7
We now have the true shape of
surface ABCD
We can measure the shape
directly to find dimensions
12
Partial Aux Views
Don’t show other features
Easier to draw
Easier to understand
13
Successive Aux (Full) Views
7 8 10
12 9 11
6 3 5
1 2 4
8
H 7
F 10
2 9 11
1 2
4
7 8 1 3 5 12
3 4
9
10
12 11 6
6 5
14
Successive Aux Views
7 8 10
12 9 11
6 3 5
1 2 4
8
H 7
F 10
2 9 11
1 2
4
7 8 1 3 5 12
3 4
9
10
12 11 6
6 5
15
Successive Aux Views
7 8 10
12 9 11
8 7
6 3 5
1 2 4 2
8 1 Etc.
H 7
F 10 4
2 9 3
1 2 11
4 5
7 8 1 3 5 12
6
3 4
9
10
12 11 6
6 5
16
Successive Aux Views
17
Descriptive Geometry
Find the actual shape and size of a shape
Lines
Planes
Visually doing the mathematical operation:
L = ( x2 - x1 ) 2 + ( y 2 - y1 ) 2 + ( z 2 - z1 ) 2
18
True Length of a Line
True length: a straight line distance between two points
If a line is positioned parallel to a projection plane and the line of
site is perpendicular to that projection plane, the line will appear as a
true length (see Auxiliary View Example)
19
Types of Lines
Principal Line: Parallel to one of the principal projection
planes
Frontal Line: Parallel to frontal plane
Horizontal Line: Parallel to horizontal plane
Profile Line: Parallel to profile plane
Oblique Line: Is not parallel to any of the principal
projection planes
20
Horizontal Lines
Note: A point is represented with a “+” mark
21
Inclined Lines
oblique line
22
Principal Lines
23
Finding True Lengths
GH
+
LH
+
H
GF F
+
LF
+
24
Finding True Lengths
GH
+
Step 1: Create Fold Line F-1
LH
+
H
GF F
+
F
1
LF
+
25
Finding True Lengths
GH
+
Step 1: Create Fold Line F-1
LH
+ Step 2: Draw perpendicular
H projectors from LF and GF to F-1
GF F
+
F
1
LF
+
26
Finding True Lengths
GH
+
Step 1: Create Fold Line F-1
LH D2
+ Step 2: Draw perpendicular
D1 H projectors from LF and GF to F-1
Step 3: Measure distance from
GF F LH to H-F and GH to H-F
+
F
1
LF
+
27
Finding True Lengths
GH
+
Step 1: Create Fold Line F-1
LH D2
+ Step 2: Draw perpendicular
D1 H projectors from LF and GF to F-1
Step 3: Measure distance from
GF F LH to H-F and GH to H-F
+
F Step 4: Transfer distances to the
1 D2
aux view using F-1
LF +
+
D1 +
28
Finding True Lengths
GH
+
Step 1: Create Fold Line F-1
LH D2
+ Step 2: Draw perpendicular
D1 H projectors from LF and GF to F-1
Step 3: Measure distance from
GF F LH to H-F and GH to H-F
+
F Step 4: Transfer distances to the
1 D2
aux view using F-1
Step 5: Connect the dots
LF +
+
This is the True Length
D1 +
29
Planes
30
Types of Planes
Horizontal Plane: Appears as True Shape and Size (TSP) in top and
bottom views.
Vertical Plane: Appears as an edge in top and bottom views. Can appear
several ways in other views.
Profile Plane: Vertical Plane that is parallel to the profile projection
plane.
Frontal Plane: Vertical Plane that is parallel to the frontal projection
plane.
Inclined Plane: Perpendicular but not parallel to a principal projection
plane.
Oblique: A plane that appears as a surface but is not TSP in every
principal view.
31
Examples of the Planes
32
True Size of a Plane
+ XH
ZH +YH
+ H
+ XF F
ZF +YF
+
33
True Size of a Plane
Step 1: Create a line parallel to
+ XH H-F (AY)
AH
ZH + +YH
+ H
+ XF F
ZF +YF
+
34
True Size of a Plane
Step 1: Create a line parallel to
+ XH H-F (AY)
AH
ZH + +YH Step 2: Project line into the other
+ H view
+ XF F
AF
ZF + +YF
+
True length
35
True Size of a Plane
Step 1: Create a line parallel to
+ XH H-F (AY)
AH
ZH + +YH Step 2: Project line into the other
+ H view
Step 3: Construct a fold line
+ XF F F 1 perpendicular to AY
AF
ZF + +YF
+
36
True Size of a Plane
Step 1: Create a line parallel to
+ XH H-F (AY)
AH DX
ZH + +YH Step 2: Project line into the other
+ H D view
DZ DA Y
Step 3: Construct a fold line
+ XF F F 1 perpendicular to AY
Step 4: Measure distances for the
AF points
ZF + +YF
+
37
True Size of a Plane
Step 1: Create a line parallel to
+ XH H-F (AY)
AH DX
ZH + +YH Step 2: Project line into the other
+ H D D view
DZ DA Y X
Step 3: Construct a fold line
+ XF F F 1 X1 perpendicular to AY
+
Step 4: Measure distances for the
AF DA,Y points
ZF + +YF
+ +Y ,A Step 5: Transfer distances
+Z 1 1
1
DZ
This is an edge view
38
True Size of a Plane
Step 1: Create a line parallel to
+ XH H-F (AY)
AH DX
ZH + +YH Step 2: Project line into the other
+ H D D view
DZ DA Y X
Step 3: Construct a fold line
F
+ XF F 1 X1 perpendicular to AY
+ 1
2 Step 4: Measure distances for the
AF DA,Y points
ZF + +YF
+ +Y ,A Step 5: Transfer distances
+Z 1 1 Step 6: Construct a fold line
1
DZ parallel to the edge view
39
True Size of a Plane
Step 6: Construct a fold line
+ XH parallel to the edge view
AH
ZH + +YH DX Step 7: Measure distances
+ H
XF+ F F
1 X1
+ 1
DY 2
AF DA
ZF + +YF
+ +Y ,A
+Z 1 1
1
DZ
40
True Size of a Plane
Step 6: Construct a fold line
+ XH parallel to the edge view
AH
ZH + +YH Step 7: Measure distances
+ HDX Step 8: Transfer distances
X+ F F
F 1 X1
+ 1
DY 2 DX
AF DA
ZF + +YF
+ +Y ,A
D
+Z 1 1 Y +X2
1
Y2 + DA
DZ True size of plane XYZ
+A2
DZ +Z2
41
