Section 3

Reading Comprehension

Questions 1-9
The ocean bottom — a region nearly 2.5 times greater than the total land area
of the Earth — is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted.
Until about a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible, hidden
line beneath waters averaging over 3,600 meters deep. Totally without light and subjected
(5) to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface, the deep-
ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans, in some ways as forbidding and
remote as the void of outer space.
Although researchers have taken samples of deep-ocean rocks and sediments for
over a century, the first detailed global investigation of the ocean bottom did not
(10) actually start until 1968, with the beginning of the National Science Foundation’s
Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP). Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil
and gas industry, the DSDP’s drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain
a steady position on the ocean’s surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting
samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor.
(15) The Gicunar Challenger completed 96 voyages in a 15-year research program that
ended in November 1983. During this time, the vessel logged 600,000 kilometers and
took almost 20,000 core samples of seabed sediments and rocks at 624 drilling sites
around the world. The Glomar Challenger’ s core samples have allowed geologists
to reconstruct what the planet looked like hundreds of millions of years ago and to
(20) calculate what it will probably look like millions of years ‘in the future. Today, largely
on the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger’s voyages, nearly
all earth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift that
explain many of the geological processes that shape the Earth.
The cores of sediment drilled by the Glomar Challenger have also yielded
(25) information critical to understanding the world’s past climates. Deep-ocean sediments
provide a climatic record stretching back hundreds of millions of years because they are
largely isolated from the mechanical erosion and the intense chemical and biological
activity that rapidly destroy much land-based evidence of past climates. This record
has already provided insights into the patterns and causes of past climatic change —
(30) information that may be used to predict future climates.

1. The author refers to the ocean bottom as a "frontier" in line 2 because it

Jawaban : D. is an unknown territory
Key word : The ocean bottom — a region nearly 2.5 times greater than the total land area of the Earth — is a
vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted.
Pembahasan : Dari teks dijelaskan bahwa ocean bottom itu adalah frontier yang sampai saat inipun tidak bias
diexplorasi dan dipetakan.
2. The word "inaccessible" in line 3 is closest in meaning to
Jawaban : B. unreachable
Key word : Until about a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible.
Pembahasan : Inaccessible mempunyai arti tidak dapat dicapai.
• Unrecognizable : tidak dapat dikenali
• Unreachable : tidak dapat dicapai
• Unusable : tidak berguna
• Unsafe : tidak aman
Jadi jawaban yang sesuai adalah unreachable.
3. The author mentions outer space in line 7 because
Jawaban : B. it is similar to the ocean floor in being alien to the human environment
Key word : ..., the deep-ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans, in some ways as forbidding and
remote as the void of outer space.
Pembahasan : Outer space disini disebutkan oleh penulis sebagai pembanding bahwa ada persamaan antara
deep ocean bottom bagi manusia dan outer space bagi makhluk luar angkasa.
4. Which of the following is true of the Glomar Challenger?
Jawaban : D. It made its first DSDP voyage in 1968
Key word : The Glomar Challenger completed 96 voyages in a 15-year research program that ended in
November 1983.
Pembahasan : Dari teks dijelaskan bahwa perjalanan The Glomar Challenger yang berakhir pada tahun 1983
telah berlangsung selama 15 tahun, maka perjalanan pertama kali dilakukan pada tahun 1968..
5. The word "extracting" in line 13 is closest in meaning to
Jawaban : C. removing
Key word : ...., was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean’s surface and drill in very deep waters,
extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor.
Pembahasan : extracting mempunyai arti yang digali (samples).
• Breaking : yang dipecahkan
• Locating : yang ditempatkan
• Removing : yang dipindah
• Analyzing :yang dianalisa
Jadi yang mempunyai makna yang sama dengan extracting dalam hal ini adalah removing.
6. The Deep Sea Drilling Project was significant because it was
Jawaban : B. the first extensive exploration of the ocean bottom.
Key word : Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDP’s drill ship, the
Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean’s surface and drill in very
deep waters, extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor.
Pembahasan : Jelas bahwa DSDP merupakan yang pertama kali melakukan eksplorasi secara menyeluruh di
bawah laut..
7. The word "strength" in line 21 is closest in meaning to
Jawaban : A. basis
Key word : Today, largely on the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger’s voyages, ....
Pembahasan : strength mempunyai arti yang kekuatan (samples).
• Basis : mendasar
• Purpose : tujuan
• Discovery : pencarian
• Endurance : ketahanan
Jadi yang mempunyai makna yang sama dengan strenght dalam hal ini adalah basis.
8. The word "they" in line 26 refers to
Jawaban : C. sediments
Key word : Deep-ocean sediments provide a climatic record stretching back hundreds of millions of years
because they are largely isolated from the mechanical erosion and the intense chemical and
biological activity that rapidly destroy much land-based evidence of past climates.
Pembahasan : Jelas bahwa they disini mewakili sediments.
9. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as being a result of the Deep Sea Drilling Project?
Jawaban : C. Information was revealed about the Earth's past climatic changes
Key word : During this time, the vessel logged 600,000 kilometers and took almost 20,000 core samples of
seabed sediments and rocks at 624 drilling sites around the world. ... have allowed geologists to
reconstruct what the planet looked like hundreds of millions of years ago and to calculate what
it will probably look like millions of years ‘in the future. ..., nearly all earth scientists agree on the
theories of plate tectonics and continental drift that explain many of the geological processes that
shape the Earth.
Pembahasan : Jadi pernyataan yang tidak disebutkan adalah bahwa DSDP memberikan informasi tentang
perubahan cuaca di masa lalu.
Lihat paragraph 2

Questions 10-21
Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World
War is the country’s impressive population [Link] every three Canadians in 1945,
there were over five in 1966. In September 1966 Canada’s population passed the 20
line million mark. Most of this surging growth came from natural increase. The depression
(5) of the 1930’s and the war had held back marriages, and the catching-up process began
after 1945. The baby boom continued through the decade of the 1950’s, producing
a population increase of nearly fifteen percent in the five years from 1951 to 1956.
This rate of increase had been exceeded only once before in Canada’s history, in the
decade before 1911, when the prairies were being settled. Undoubtedly, the good
(10) economic conditions of the 1950’s supported a growth in the population, but the
expansion also derived from a trend toward earlier marriages and an increase in the
average size of families. In 1957 the Canadian birth rate stood at 28 per thousand, one
of the highest in the world.
After the peak year of 1957, the birth rate in Canada began to decline. It continued
(15) falling until in 1966 it stood at the lowest level in 25 years. Partly this decline reflected
the low level of births during the depression and the war, but it was also caused
by changes in Canadian society. Young people were staying at school longer; more
women were working; young married couples were buying autàmobiles or houses
before starting families; rising living standards were cutting down the size of families.
(20) It appeared that Canada was once more falling in step with the trend toward smaller
families that had occurred all through the Western world since the time of the
Industrial Revolution.
Although the growth in Canada’s population had slowed down by 1966 (the
increase in the first half of the 1960’s was only nine percent), another large population
(25) wave was coming over the horizon. It would be composed of the children of the

10. What does the passage mainly discuss?

Jawaban : C. Population trends in postwar Canada
Key word : Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country’s
impressive population growth.
Pembahasan : Dari awal hingga akhir bacaan dapat disimpulkan bahwa teks ini membicarakan tentang
kecenderungan populasi di kanada setelah perang.
11. According to the passage, when did Canada's baby boom begin?
Jawaban : B. After 1945
Key word : In 1957 the Canadian birth rate stood at 28 per thousand, one of the highest in the world.
Pembahasan : Dijelaskan bahwa puncak kelahiran tertinggi adalah tahun 1957 berarti setelah tahun 1945.
12. The word "five" in line 3 refers to
Jawaban : A. Canadians
Key word : For every three Canadians in 1945, there were over five in 1966.
Pembahasan : Jelas bahwa yang dimaksud five disini adalah Canadians.
13. The word "surging" in line 4 is closest in meaning to
Jawaban : C. accelerating
Key word : Most of this surging growth came from natural increase.
Pembahasan : surging mempunyai arti yang cepat.
• new : baru
• extra : tambahan
• accelerating : yang dipercepat
• surprising : mngejutkan
Jadi yang mempunyai makna yang sama dengan surging dalam hal ini adalah accelerating.
14. The author suggests that in Canada during the 1950's
Jawaban : D. the birth rate was very high
Key word : Undoubtedly, the good economic conditions of the 1950’s supported a growth in the population,
.... In 1957 the Canadian birth rate stood at 28 per thousand, one of the highest in the world
Pembahasan : Berdasarkan teks penulis berpendapat bahwa sekitar tahun 1950-n tingkat kelahiran sangat
tinggi.
15. The word "trend" in line 11 is closest in meaning to
Jawaban : A. tendency
Key word : Most of this surging growth came from natural increase.
Pembahasan : trend mempunyai arti yang kecenderungan.
• tendency : kecenderungan
• aim : tujuan
• growth : pertumbuhan
• directive : petunjuk
Jadi yang mempunyai makna yang sama dengan trend dalam hal ini adalah tendency.
16. The word "peak" in line 14 is closest in meaning to
Jawaban : D. maximum
Key word : Most of this surging growth came from natural increase.
Pembahasan : peak mempunyai arti yang puncak.
• pointed : tirus
• dismal : sedih
• mountain : gunung
• maximum : maksimal (tertinggi)
Jadi yang mempunyai makna yang sama dengan peak dalam hal ini adalah accelerating.
17. When was the birth rate in Canada at its lowest postwar level
Jawaban : A. 1966
Key word : After the peak year of 1957, the birth rate in Canada began to decline. It continued falling until in
1966 it stood at the lowest level in 25 years.
Pembahasan : Dijelaskan bahwa pada tahun 1966 tingkat kelahiran di Kanada mengalami penurunan paling
rendah.
18. The author mentions all of the following as causes of declines in population growth after 1957 EXCEPT
Jawaban : B. people getting married earlier
Key word : Partly this decline reflected the low level of births during the depression and the war, but it was
also caused by changes in Canadian society. Young people were staying at school longer; more
women were working; young married couples were buying automobiles or houses before starting
families; rising living standards were cutting down the size of families
Pembahasan : Berdasarkan teks yang bukan termasuk penyebab penurunan tingkat kelahiran di Kanada adalah
menikah muda.
19. It can be inferred from the passage that before the Industrial Revolution
Jawaban : A. families were larger
Key word : It appeared that Canada was once more falling in step with the trend toward smaller families that
had occurred all through the Western world since the time of the Industrial Revolution
Pembahasan : Berdasarkan teks ketika Revolusi Industri penduduk Kanada cenderung memunyai keluarga lebih
kecil, berarti sebelumnya cenderung lebih besar.
20. The word "It" in line 24 refers to
Jawaban : B. population wave
Key word : ..., another large population wave was coming over the horizon. It would be composed of the
children of the children who were barn during the period of the high birth rate prior to 1957.
Pembahasan : Jelas bahwa yang dimaksud in disini adalah population wave.
Lihat paragraph terakhir
21. The phrase "prior to" in line 25 is closest in meaning to
Jawaban : D. preceding
Key word : Most of this surging growth came from natural increase.
Pembahasan : Print to mempunyai arti mengawali.
• behind : disamping
• since : ketika
• during : selama
• preceding : mengawali
Jadi yang mempunyai makna yang sama dengan prior to dalam hal ini adalah preceding.

Questions 22-30
Are organically grown foods the best food choices? The advantages claimed for
such foods over conventionally grown and marketed food products are now being
debated. Advocates of organic foods — a term whose meaning varies greatly —
line frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious than others.
(5) The growing interest of consumers in the safety and nutritional quality of the
typical North American diet is a welcome development. However, much of this interest
has been sparked by sweeping claims that the food supply is unsafe or inadequate
in meeting nutritional needs. Although most of these claims are not supported by
scientific evidence, the preponderance of written material advancing such claims
(10) makes it difficult for the general public to separate fact from fiction. As a result, claims
that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures
disease or provides other benefits to health have become widely publicized and form
the basis for folklore.
Almost daily the public is besieged by claims for “no-aging” diets, new vitamins,
(15) and other wonder foods. There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural
vitamins are superior to synthetic ones, that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior
to unfertilized eggs, that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains, and the
like.
One thing that most organically grown food products seem to have in common is
(20) that they cost more than conventionally grown foods. But in many cases consumers
are misled if they believe organic foods can maintain health and provide better
nutritional quality than conventionally grown foods. So there is real cause for concern
if consumers, particularly those with limited incomes, distrust the regular food supply

22. The word "Advocates" in line 3 is closest in meaning to which of the following
Jawaban : A. Proponents
Key word : Advocates of organic foods — a term whose meaning varies greatly — frequently proclaim that
such products are safer and more nutritious than others.
Pembahasan : Advocates mempunyai arti penganjur.
• proponent : penganjur
• Merchants : pedagang
• Inspectors : inspektur
• Consumers : konsumen
Jadi yang mempunyai makna yang sama dengan Advocates dalam hal ini adalah proponent.
23. In line 4, the word "others" refers to
Jawaban : D. products
Key word : .., frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious than others..
Pembahasan : Jelas bahwa yang dimaksud others disini adalah products.
24. The "welcome development" mentioned in line 6 is an increase in
Jawaban : A. interest in food safety and nutrition among North Americans
Key word : The growing interest of consumers in the safety and nutritional quality of the typical North
American diet is a welcome development .
Pembahasan : Berdasarkan teks dielaskan bahwa peningkatan akan ketertarikan keamanan makanan dan nutrisi
telah pesat.
25. According to the first paragraph, which of the following is true about the term "organic foods"?
Jawaban : D. It is seldom used by consumers
Key word : Are organically grown foods the best food choices? The advantages claimed for such foods over
conventionally grown and marketed food products are now being debated. Advocates of organic
foods — a term whose meaning varies greatly — frequently proclaim that such products are safer
and more nutritious than others.
Pembahasan : Berdasarkan teks dielaskan bahwa konsumsi makanan organic masih diperdebatkan, jadi dapat
disimpulkan bahwa jarang digunakan/ dikonsumsi.
26. The word "unsubstantiated" in line 15 is closest in meaning to
Jawaban : D. unverified
Key word : There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones.
Pembahasan : unsubstantiated mempunyai arti tidak dibenarkan.
• unbelievable : tidak dapat dipercaya
• uncontested : tidak dapat digugat
• unpopular : tidak terkenal
• unverified : tidak dibenarkan
Jadi yang mempunyai makna yang sama dengan unsubstantiated dalam hal ini adalah unverified.
27. The word "maintain" in line 20 is closest in meaning to
Jawaban : C. preserve
Key word : But in many cases consumers are misled if they believe organic foods can maintain health and
provide better nutritional quality than conventionally grown foods.
Pembahasan : mantain mempunyai arti memelihara.
• improve : meningkatkan
• monitor : mengawasi
• preserve : mempertahankan
• restore : mengembalikan
Jadi yang mempunyai makna yang sama dengan mantain dalam hal ini adalah preserve..
28. The author implies that there is cause for concern, if consumers with limited incomes buy organic foods instead
of conventionally grown foods because
Jawaban : A. organic foods can be more expensive but are often no better than conventionally grown foods
Key word : One thing that most organically grown food products seem to have in common is that they cost
more than conventionally grown foods. But in many cases consumers are misled if they believe
organic foods can maintain health and provide better nutritional quality than conventionally
grown foods.
Pembahasan : Berdasarkan teks dielaskan bahwa harga makanan organic lebih mahal daripada makanan biasa,
dan konsumen percaya bahwa kualitas makanan biasa lebih baik daripada makanan organic.
29. According to the last paragraph, consumers who believe that organic foods are better than conventionally
grown foods are often
Jawaban : B. mistaken
Key word : But in many cases consumers are misled if they believe organic foods can maintain health and
provide better nutritional quality than conventionally grown foods.
Pembahasan : Berdasarkan teks dielaskan bahwa konsumen seringkali misled (beranggapan salah) makanan
organic masih diperdebatkan, jadi daptentang kualitas makanan organic.
30. What is the author's attitude toward the claims made by advocates of health foods?
Jawaban : D. Skeptical
Key word : The advantages claimed for such foods over conventionally grown and marketed food products
are now being debated. Advocates of organic foods — a term whose meaning varies greatly —
frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious than others.
Pembahasan : Karena masih diperdebatkan, jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa penulis bersikap skeptis (ragu-ragu).
Questions 31- 40
There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The
one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from
ritual. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings
line viewed the natural forces of the world, even the seasonal changes, as unpredictable
(5) and they sought, through various means, to control these unknown and feared
powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then
retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose
which explained or veiled the mysteries ofthe rites. As time passed some rituals were
abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art
(10) and drama.
Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites
contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were
almost always used. Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances,
and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made
(15) between the “acting area” and the “auditorium.” In addition, there were performers,
and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment
of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks and costumes,
they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed
the desired effect — success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun
(20) — as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from
religious activities.
Another theory traces the theater’s origin from the human interest in storytelling.
According to this view, tales (about the hunt, war, or other feats) are gradually
elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a
(25) narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person.
A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical

31. What does the passage mainly discuss?

Jawaban : A. The origins of theater
Key word : Another theory traces the theater’s origin from the human interest in storytelling.
Pembahasan : Dari awal sampai akhir teks membicarakan tentang asal mula theater (seni pertunjukan).
32. The word "they" in line 5 refers to
Jawaban : D. human beings
Key word : The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural
forces of the world, even the seasonal changes, as unpredictable and they sought, through various
means, ....
Pembahasan : Jelas bahwa they dalam kalimat ini mewakili human beings.
33. What aspect of drama does the author discuss in the first paragraph?
Jawaban : C. The importance of costumes in early drama
Key word :. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural
beings, and mimed the desired effect ....
Pembahasan : Berdasarkan paragraph pertama, penggunaan kostum adalah penting dalam seni theater.
34. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a common element of theater and ritual?
Jawaban : D. magic
Key word :. Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed
of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used.
Pembahasan : Berdasarkan teks yang bukan termasuk unsur dari theater adalah magic.
35. The word "considerable" in line 15 is closest in meaning to
Jawaban : B. substantial
Key word : In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding
mistakes in the enactment of rites,...
Pembahasan : considerable mempunyai arti sungguh-sungguh (penting).
• thoughtful : bijaksana
• substantial : penting
• relational : berhubungan
• ceremonial : upacara
Jadi yang mempunyai makna yang sama dengan considerable dalam hal ini adalah substantial..
36. The word "enactment" in line 15 is closest in meaning to
Jawaban : B. performance
Key word : In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding
mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task.
Pembahasan : enactment mempunyai arti permainan.
• establishment : pendirian
• performance : pertunjukan
• authorization : otorisasi
• season : musim
Jadi yang mempunyai makna yang sama dengan enactment dalam hal ini adalah performance..
37. The word "they" in line 17 refers to
Jawaban : D. performers
Key word : In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding
mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks
and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed
the desired effect, ....
Pembahasan : Jelas bahwa they dalam kalimat ini mewakili performers.
38. According to the passage, what is the main difference between ritual and drama?
Jawaban : D. Ritual has a religious purpose and drama does not
Key word : Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural
beings, and mimed the desired effect — success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival
of the Sun — as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from
religious activities.
Pembahasan : Berdasarkan teks dijelaskan bahwa ritual mempunyai tujuan secara religi (seperti penghormatan
terhadap Dewa Matahar), sedangkan drama tidak.
39. The passage supports which of the following statements?
Jawaban : A. No one really knows how the theater began
Key word : There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely
accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual.
Pembahasan : Berdasarkan teks kapan dimulainya theater tidak pasti diketahui, karena banyak teori yang
menyatakannya.
40. Where in the passage does the author discuss the separation of the stage and the audience?
Jawaban : B. Lines 12-14
Key word : Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed
of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used. Furthermore,
a suitable site had to be provided for performances, and when the entire community did not
participate, a clear division was usually made between the “acting area” and the “auditorium.
Pembahasan : Di baris tersebut dijelaskan tentang pembagian tempat dala theater, yaitu acting area dan
auditorium.
Questions 41-50
Staggering tasks confronted the people of the United States, North and South,
when the Civil War ended. About a million and a half soldiers from both sides had to be
demobilized, readjusted to civilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastated economy.
line Civil government also had to be put back on a peacetime basis and interference from
(5) the military had to be stopped.
The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact that reconstruction had to
be undertaken also in the North, though less spectacularly. Industries had to adjust to
peacetime conditions; factories had to be retooled for civilian needs.
Financial problems loomed large in both the North and the South. The national
(10) debt had shot up from a modest $65 million in 1861, the year the war started, to
nearly $3 billion in 1865, the year the war ended. This was a colossal sum for those
days but one that a prudent government could pay. At the same time, war taxes had
to be reduced to less burdensome levels.
Physical devastation caused by invading armies, chiefly in the South and border
(15) states, had to be repaired. This herculean task was ultimately completed. but with
discouraging slowness.
Other important questions needed answering. What would be the future of
the four million Black people who were freed from slavery? On what basis were the
Southern states to be brought back into the Union?
(20) What of the Southern leaders, all of whom were liable to charges of treason?
One of these leaders, Jefferson Davis, president of the Southern Confederacy, was
the subject of an insulting popular Northern song, “Hang Jeff Davis from a Sour Apple
Tree,” and even children sang it. Davis was temporarily chained in his prison cell
during the early days of his two-year imprisonment. But he and the other Southern
(25) leaders were finally released, partly because it was unlikely that a jury from Virginia, a
Southern Confederate state, would convict them. All the leaders were finally pardoned
by President Johnson in 1868 in an effort to help reconstruction efforts proceed with
as little bitterness as possible.

41. What does the passage mainly discuss?

Jawaban : B. Problems facing the United States after the war
Key word : Staggering tasks confronted the people of the United States, North and South, when the Civil War
ended.
Pembahasan : Dari awal sampai akhir teks membicarakan tentang masalah yang dihadapi oleh Amerika Serikat
setelah perang berakhir.
42. The word "Staggering" in line 1 is closest in meaning to
Jawaban : D. overwhelming
Key word : Staggering tasks confronted the people of the United States, North and South, when the Civil War
ended.
Pembahasan : Staggering mempunyai arti mengejutkan (banyaknya).
• specialized : khusus
• confusing : membingungkan
• various : bermacam-macam
• overwhelming : berlimpahan
Jadi yang mempunyai makna yang sama dengan Staggering dalam hal ini adalah overwhelming.
43. The word "devastated" in line 3 is closest in meaning to
Jawaban : B. ruined
Key word : About a million and a half soldiers from both sides had to be demobilized, readjusted to civilian life,
and reabsorbed by the devastated economy.
Pembahasan : devastated mempunyai arti hancur.
• Developing : perkembangan
• ruined : rusak
• complicated : kompleks
• fragile : mudah pecah
Jadi yang mempunyai makna yang sama dengan devastated dalam hal ini adalah ruined..
44. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the damage in the South is correct?
Jawaban : A. It was worse than in the North.
Key word : The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact that reconstruction had to be undertaken
also in the North, though less spectacularly.
Pembahasan : Dari teks dapat disimpulkan bahwa kerusakan di Negara Amerika bagian selatan lebih parah
daripada di Amerika bagian utara, karena rekonstruksi di utara tidak sespektakuler yang di bagian
selatan .
45. The passage refers to all of the following as necessary steps following the Civil War EXCEPT
Jawaban : D. increasing taxes
Key word : About a million and a half soldiers from both sides had to be demobilized, readjusted to civilian
life, and reabsorbed by the devastated economy. Civil government also had to be put back on a
peacetime basis and interference from the military had to be stopped.
Pembahasan : Jadi yang bukan merupakan pekerjaan utama setelah perang adalah meningkatkan pajak.
46. The word "task" in line 15 refers to
Jawaban : D. reconstruction of damaged areas
Key word : ...This herculean task was ultimately completed. but with discouraging slowness
Pembahasan : Yang dimaksud task dalam konteks kalimat tersebut adalah reconstruction of damaged areas.
Lihat paragraph 2-4
47. Why does the author mention a popular song in lines 22-23 ?
Jawaban : A. To give an example of a Northern attitude towards the South
Key word : One of these leaders, Jefferson Davis, president of the Southern Confederacy, was the subject of
an insulting popular Northern song, “Hang Jeff Davis from a Sour Apple Tree,”
Pembahasan : Lagu tersebut mempunyai makna tersirat tentang sikap seorang pemimpin bernama Jefferson
Davis terhadap negaranya.
48. The word "them" in line 26 refers to
Jawaban : B. leaders
Key word : But he and the other Southern leaders were finally released, partly because it was unlikely that a
jury from Virginia, a Southern Confederate state, would convict them
Pembahasan : Jelas bahwa them dalam kalimat ini mewakili leaders.
49. Which of the following can be inferred from the phrase "... it was unlikely that a jury from Virginia, a Southern
Confederate state, would convict them" (lines 25-26)?
Jawaban : C. Virginians were loyal to their leaders
Key word : ..., partly because it was unlikely that a jury from Virginia, a Southern Confederate state, would
convict them
Pembahasan : Dari teks dijelaskan bahwa penduduk Virgiania tidak seperti Southern Confederate state yang
menghukum pemimpin-pemimpin nya, yang berarti sangat menghargai.
50. It can be inferred from the passage that President Johnson pardoned the Southern leaders in order to
Jawaban : D. help the nation recover from the war
Key word : All the leaders were finally pardoned by President Johnson in 1868 in an effort to help
reconstruction efforts precede with as little bitterness as possible
Pembahasan : Dari teks dijelaskan bahwa President Johnson memaafkan para pemimpin dengan tujuan agar
mereka membantu usaha rekonstrusi.