Welcome to the tutorial about SAP invoice verification.
Here you will learn what is
invoice verification function and how to perform this operation in SAP ERP. SAP invoice
verification can be defined as a method through which a supplier will be paid for the
good or the service it has provided to a customer. It is the seventh phase of the
procurement cycle as depicted in the following figure.
SAP Invoice Verification in Procurement Cycle
SAP invoice verification is of capital importance for both the supplier and the customer.
It ensures that there is no error in the quantities and the pricing of the delivered goods
or services. Due to this crucial factor, SAP ERP through its materials management
functionality has implemented several methods to process invoice verification.
Let us see what these methods entails and therefore understand what SAP invoice
verification really involves.
Introduction to SAP Invoice Verification
As soon as the accounts payable department received an invoice from a supplier, the
invoice verification process is started. To process this invoice, SAP relies on the
standard method known as the three-way match and some others among which a
procedure called Evaluated Receipt Settlement (ERS).
Before continuing reading this tutorial, please bear in mind that numbers that will be
mentioned later in the tutorial (for example company code, purchase order number etc.)
are just for illustrative purposes. Learners are most likely to have different numbers
according to their SAP configuration.
Three-Way Match Method
In this method, the purchase order provided to the supplier, the goods receipts or
delivery note supplied by the supplier and the invoice sent to the customer from the
supplier are compared in order to ensure that information like quantity and price
matches. If successful, the payment to the vendor will be sent. However, in case of
variances between these three documents, the system will issue a warning and the
invoice payment might be blocked.
After an invoice is entered in the system, a simulation can be performed on that invoice
against the corresponding purchase order or the corresponding goods receipt in order
to check for potential errors. If there are no inconsistencies, the invoice is posted.
CRE ATE AN INVOICE
A vendor can send an invoice as a fax, hard copy or using EDI. On reception of the
invoice, the accounts payable department will enter the invoice into the SAP system
using the transaction MIRO:
Logistics > Materials Management > Logistics Invoice Verification > Document Entry >
Enter Invoice (MIRO)
MIRO Transaction Code
The next screen to appear might prompt you to enter a company code. In that case,
– Enter company code > 1000
The next window will be entitled Enter Incoming Invoice: Company code 1000. The
basic data tab of the header data section will require input of the following information:
– Invoice date > current date
– Posting date > current date
– Amount > 2499 EUR
– Calculate tax > select
– Tax code > VA – domestic input tax 19%
Company Code
Basic Data Tab Information
Pay attention to the information on the top right side of the screen named Balance. It will
play a very important role later. At this stage of our entry, the balance light as depicted
in the following screen shot is red.
Balance
Below the header data section, there is a tab called PO Reference. Let us complete the
required information by doing the following. Select Purchase Order/Scheduling
Agreement in the combo box. The combo box list also shows other options that can be
used in other cases.
Purchase Order / Scheduling Agreement Selection
Then, next to your selection, enter purchase order number 4500019259 and press
Enter.
Purchase Order Number
The information from the purchase order will be loaded in the table under the Purchase
Order/Scheduling Agreement combo box as shown in the below screenshot with some
updates highlighted with yellow color.
The tax amount in the basic data tab has been updated to 399.00 EUR. The reason
is that the three laptops ordered had a price of 2,100.00 EUR in total and with the
domestic tax applied to this cost by the vendor, the total cost within the invoice was
2,499.00 EUR.
The information about the vendor has been displayed.
The balance light above has become green. The reason is that there is no price
variance between the invoice sent by the supplier and the purchase order issued by
the customer.
SAP Invoice Verification with Reference to a Purchase Order
Next, click on the Payment tab next to the Basic data tab and enter:
BaselineDt > 06/23/2017
Baseline Date
SIMULATE POSTING
It is possible to test posting of an invoice by simulating it. If the simulation reveals that
the invoice cannot be posted, it will issue errors and warnings messages to the user.
The simulation interface can be accessed by clicking on the Simulate button.
Simulate Button
INVOICE POSTING AND INVOICE DOCUMENT DIS PLAY
The balance of our illustration is zero meaning that there is no discrepancies between
the invoice and the purchase order. It is illustrated with the green light indicator next ot
the Balance field. To post our invoice, we should click on the Save button that will save
our invoice in a document with a number 5200000218.
Let us display this document by using the transaction MIRO, choosing Invoice
Documents > Display, and finally entering the following information:
Invoice Document Number > 5200000218
Fiscal Year > 2017
Invoice Document Display with the PO Structure on the Left Sidebar
By clicking on the Show PO structure button at this stage, we can see in the left side of
our screen that the three-way match procedure has been completed successfully. The
purchase order 4500019259 provided to the vendor Michaela Meier requesting three
Lenovo laptops has been supplied and invoiced to the customer (us).
Purchase Order Structure
Conclusion
SAP has implemented effective methods for invoice verification in Materials
Management module. As these procedures are following specific rules that have to be
respected, some flexibility is allowed by SAP. Those are:
The possibility to post an invoice without referencing a purchase order (though it is
typical to do so with reference to a purchase order, a goods receipt or a delivery
note).
The possibility to park an invoice document by entering it without posting it using the
transaction code MIR7 or the path Logistics > Materials Management > Logistics
Invoice Verification > Document Entry > Park Invoice (this can be done to
postpone posting of the invoice in the case when the balance of the invoice is other
than zero).
The possibility to post an invoice having a variance that is within the stated tolerance
limits which are configured using the path IMG > Materials Management >
Logistics Invoice Verification > Invoice Block > Set Tolerance Limits.
The possibility to block invoices.
The possibility to release blocked invoice by deleting all the blocks that no longer
apply to the invoices selected by the user. Invoices can be released using the
transaction code MRBR or the path Logistics > Materials Management > Logistics
Invoice Verification > Further Processing > Release Blocked Invoice.
