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I. INTRODUCTION
Communication and navigation is one of the most important things on ship that
has function to navigate the ship and interract with other parties such as other
ship, port authorities, rescue team on emergency condition. SOLAS has explained
what equipment should be carried by certain type of ship, GT size of ship, and sea
area. As part of safety requirements of the ship, those equipments must be
installed in every ships and according to sea area of the voyages (A1, A2, A3, A4),
different specifications of equipments are stated.
Communication Equipments
Some communication equipments that regulated by SOLAS explained as follows:
a) Internal communication equipment
The electrical power available shall be sufficient to supply all those services
that are essential for safety in an emergency, due regard being paid to such
services as may have to be operated simultaneously. The emergency source
of electrical power shall be capable, having regard to starting currents and the
transitory nature of certain loads, of supplying simultaneously at least the
following services for the periods specified hereinafter, if they depend upon an
electrical source for their operation; For a period of 18 h: all internal
communication equipment as required in an emergency.
(Ch. II-1, Pt. D, Reg. 43 - 2.4.1)
b) Two-way VHF radiotelephone apparatus
At least 3 two-way VHF radiotelephone apparatus shall be provided on every
passenger ship and on every cargo ship of 500 gross tonnage and upwards.
(Ch. III, Pt. B, Reg. 6 - 2.1.1)
c) Search and rescue locating devices
At least one search and rescue locating device shall be carried in each side of
every passanger ship and of every cargo ship of 500 gross tonnage and
(Ch. III, Pt. B, Reg. 6 - 2.2)
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d) Distress flares
Not less than 12 rocket parachute flares, complying with the requirement or
both shall be provided for two-way communications between emergency
control stations, muster and embarkation stations and strategic positions on
board.
(Ch. III, Pt. B, Reg. 6 - 3)
e) On-board communications and alarm systems
A general emergency alarm system complying with the requirements of
paragraph 7.2.1 of the Code shall be provided and shall be used for
summoning passengers and crew to muster stations and to initiate the
actions included in the muster list.
(Ch. III, Pt. B, Reg. 6 - 4.2)
Navigation Equipments
Some navigation equipments that regulated by SOLAS explained as follows:
a) Echo sounding device
All ships of 300 gross tonnage and upward and passenger ships irrespective
of size shall be fitted with an echo sounding device, or other electronic means,
to measure and display the available depth of water.
(Ch. V, Reg. 19 - 2.3.1)
b) Radar
All ships of 300 gross tonnage and upward and passenger ships irrespective
of size shall be fitted with a 9 GHz radar, or other means to determine and
display the range and bearing of radar transponders and of other surface
craft,obstructions, buoys, shorelines and navigational marks to assist in
navigation in collision avoidance.
(Ch. V, Reg. 19 - 2.3.2)
c) Electronic plotting aid
All ships of 300 gross tonnage and upward and passenger ships irrespective
of size shall be fitted with an electronic plotting aid,or other means, to plot
electronically the range to determine collision risk.
(Ch. V, Reg. 19 - 2.3.3)
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d) Speed and distance measuring device
All ships of 300 gross tonnage and upward and passenger ships irrespective
of size shall be fitted with speed and distance measuring device, or other
means, to indicate speed and distance through the water.
(Ch. V, Reg. 19 - 2.3.3)
e) Speed and distance measuring device
All ships of 300 gross tonnage and upward and passenger ships irrespective
of size shall be fitted with speed and distance measuring device, or other
means, to indicate speed and distance through the water.
(Ch. V, Reg. 19 - 2.3.4)
f) Automatic identification system
All ships of 300 gross tonnage and upwards engaged on international voyages
and cargo ships of 500 gross tonnage and upwards not engaged on
international voyages and passenger ships irrespective of size shall be fitted
with an automatic identification system (AIS).
(Ch. V, Reg. 19 - 2.4)
g) Gyro compass
All ships of 500 gross tonnage and upwards shall have a gyro compass, or
other means, to determine and display their heading by shipborne non-
magnetic means, being clearly readable by the helmsman at the main steering
(Ch. V, Reg. 19 - 2.5.1)
h) Navigation lights
1. Masthead light
Masthead light means a white light placed over the fore and aft centerline
of the vessel showing an unbroken light over an arc of horizon of 225
degress and so fixed as to show the light from right ahead to 22.5 degress
abaft the beam on either side of the vessel.
(COLREG - Rule 21)
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2. Sidelights
Sidelights means a green light on the starboard side and a red light on the
port side each showing an unbroken light over an arc of horizon of 112.5
degrees and so fixed as to show the light from right ahead to 22.5
degrees abaft the beam on the respective side.
(COLREG - Rule 21)
3. Sternlight
Sternlight means a white light placed as nearly as practicable at the stern
showing an unbroken light over an arc of horizon of 135 degrees and so
fixed as to show the light 67.5 degrees from right aft on each side of the
(COLREG - Rule 21)
4. Towing light
Towing light means a yellow light having the same characteristics as the
stern light.
(COLREG - Rule 21)
5. All round light
All round light means a light showing an unbroken light over an arc of
horizon of 360 degrees.
(COLREG - Rule 21)
6. Flashing light
Flashing light means a light flasing at regular intervals at a frequency of
120 flashes or more per minute.
(COLREG - Rule 21)
