Solutions to Tutorial 8 (Formwork) Construction Technology & Methods
Date : 13th September 2018
A8). Assume that the spacing between the joists is “L” meters.
Considering a unit width of the plywood the maximum moment assuming the worst case of a
simply supported condition
Moment = WL2/8 = 10 x L2/8 kNm
The section modulus of a meter strip of the plywood spanning between two joists
Z= bd2/6 = 1000 x 202/6 mm3
The maximum flexural stress in the plywood should be less or equal to the allowable flexural
stress
σ = M/Z = {(10 x L2/8) x 106}/ (1000 x 202/6) ≤ 8 Therefore the spacing of the joists
L ≤ 653 mm
The joists are supported on stringers. Let the spacing of the stringers be “L1” meters so that the
span of the joists will be “L1” meters
The load transmitted from the plywood to the joists =10 x 0.653 kN/m
The maximum moment on the joists assuming the worst case of a simply supported condition
Moment = WL12/8 = 10 x 0.653 L2/8 kNm
The section modulus of a joist Z= bd2/6 = 50 x 1002/6 mm3
The maximum flexural stress in the joists should be less or equal to the allowable flexural stress
σ = M/Z = {(10 x 0.653 L2/8) x 106}/ (50 x 1002/6) ≤ 10
Therefore the spacing of the stringers
L1 ≤ 10*50*100^2*8/10*0.653*10^6*6
L1 ≤ 1010 mm
Therefore suitable spacing for the joists will be 600 mm and for the stringers it will be at 1 meter
centers.
A9). Assume that the spacing between the joists is “L” meters.
Considering a unit width of the plywood the maximum shear force assuming the worst case of a
simply supported condition
Maximum Shear Force = 10 x L/2 kN
Maximum shear stress = VQ/Ib
The maximum shear stress = 3Vmax/2bd = (3 x 10 x103 x L/2)/(2 x 1000 x 20) ≤ 0.8
L ≤ 0.8 x 2 x2x 1000 x20/3x 10 x 103
L ≤ 2.13 m
Using a this spacing the UDL on a joist = 2.13 x 10 = 21.3 kN/m
If the spacing of Stringers are at L1
The maximum shear force on a joist = 10.66 L1 kN
The maximum shear stress = 3 Vmax/2bd = 3 x 10.66 x 103 x L1/ (2 x 50 x 100) ≤ 2
L1≤ 2 x 2x 50 x100/3 x 10.667 x 103
L1 ≤ 0.624
Joists should be placed at 2.0 meter spacing and stringers at 0.62 m centers
A10). Assume that the spacing between the joists is “L” meters.
Consider a unit width of the plywood with a span “L” such that the deflection is limited to L/360.
5WL4/384 EI ≤ L/360
Therefore for a simply supported case L ≤ (384EI/5 x360 W)1/3
For the plywood I = 1/12 x 1000 x 203 =666,666 N/mm2
L ≤ (384 x 12000 x 666,666/ 5 x 360 x10)1/3 ≤ 554 mm
UDL on the joist 10 x 0.554 = 5.54 kN/m
For the spacing of stringers to maintain deflection limits
L1 ≤ (384EI/5 x360 W)1/3
For the joists I =1/12 x 50 x 1003 = 4166666 mm4
L1 ≤ (384 x 12,000 x 4166666 / 5 x360 x 5.54)1/3 ≤1247 mm
Joists should be placed at 0.55 meter spacing and stringers at 1.2 m centers
A11).
Span of Joists Span of Stringers
Flexure 653 1010
Shear 2130 624
Deflection 550 1200
Using a span of 550 for the joists check the span of stringers in flexure and in shear
A12).
Assume the thickness of the plywood facing required is “t” mm
The span of the plywood facing L = 400 mm
The load on the plywood facing = 10 kPa
The maximum moment considering a one meter width of plywood facing
= WL2/8 = 10 x 103 x 0.42/8 = 200 Nm
Z= bd2/6 = 1000 x t2/6 mm3
As σall=10 MPa for the plywood facing
σ = M/Z = {(200 x 103}/ (1000 x t2/6) ≤ 10
t2 ≤ 120 and therefore t ≤ 10.95 say t=12 mm (nearest standard thickness)
The load on a joist = 10 x 0.4 = 4 kN/m
Assume that the spacing between the stringers is “L” meters.
Therefore the span of the joists is “L” meters
The maximum moment on a joist = WL2/8 = 4 x 103 x L2/8 kNm = 500 x L2 kNm
As the joists are 50 x 100 mm, Z= bd2/6 = 50 x 1002/6 mm3
As σall=12 MPa for the joists
σ = M/Z =(500 x 103 x L2 )/ (50 x 1002/6) ≤ 12
L2 ≤ 2 and therefore L ≤ 1.41 m
