FX X X X Cos X X F X F X X: 1/18 Math - Ma - 9/2017
FX X X X Cos X X F X F X X: 1/18 Math - Ma - 9/2017
اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺎت واﻻﺗﺼﺎل
( ﲤﺮﻦ16) 1 اﻟﺴﻠﺴ
:1
f ( x ) = x 2 − 2x cos ( x ) + 1 : اf ا ا ا د
cos ( x )
lim = 0 أن .1
x →+∞ x
: ! " # $ ا.2
lim f ( x ) = +∞ .أ
x →+∞
f (x )
lim = 1 .ب
x →+∞ x
:2
: ا '# أدرس ا، * *+ ! راm &
lim 4x + 2x − 5 + mx − 1 .1
2
x →+∞
lim 4x 2 + 2x − 5 + mx − 1 .2
x →−∞
:3
x + x + ......... + x − n
( n ∈ ℕ∗ )
2 n
f (x ) = : اx * *, ا- f ا ا
x −1
x k −1
( k ∈ ℕ∗ ) lim
x →1 x − 1
: '# د ا+ .1
lim f ( x ) : '# " ا# $ ا.2
x →1
:4
: ' ت ا# أدرس ا
tan ( x ) − 1
limπ .1
x → 2cos ( x ) − 2
4
cos ( 2x ) − cos ( 4x )
lim .2
x →0 x2
sin ( x ) − sin ( a )
( * *+ د a) lim .3
x →a cos ( x ) − cos ( a )
:5
: اx * *, ا- ا ا ا دf &
2
f ( x ) = x sin ; x ≠ 0
x
f ( 0) = 0
0 2*# اf أن ا ا .1
.ℝ 3 4 ! f أن ا ا .2
:6
: ل ا وال ا47أدرس ا
2x − 1
f (x ) = x 2 − 2 x (2 f ( x ) = 2 (1
x − 6x + 5
x −1
f (x ) = E (x ) (4 f (x ) = (3
x −1
:7
: اx * *, ا- f ا ا
( x ) = ( x 2 − 1) sin
1
f ;x ≠ 1
x −1
f (1) = 1
f ا ا8 7 9! D f د+ (1
( ∀x ∈ ]0,2[ ) f ( x ) − f (1) ≤ 3 x − 1 : أن (2
x 0 = 1 2*# ا 4 ! f " أن ا ا# $( ا3
:8
: 7: ل ا وال ا47أدرس ا
1
f ( x ) = x 3 − 2x 2 + 1 (2 f ( x ) = cos 3 (1
x
f ( x ) = 1 + x 2 (4 f ( x ) = sin ( x 2 + x ) (3
:9
x 0 2*# ا 7:أدرس ' ا وال ا
f ( x ) = 3x 3 + x − 1 x 0 = +∞ (1
x 2 − 6x + 5
f (x ) = x 0 = 1 (2
( x − 1)( x + 3)
3x 2 + x − 1
f (x ) = x 0 = +∞ (3
x +1
x 2 +1
f (x ) = − x x 0 = +∞ (4
x +1
x +1 x
f (x ) = 2 x 0 = −1 (5
x −1
1 1
f (x ) = + 2 x 0 = 0 (6
x x
x −1
3
f (x ) = x 0 =1 (7
( x − 1) ( 3x − 1)
2
x + 1 −1
f (x ) = x 0 = 0 (8
x
: 10
x0 =0 7:أدرس ' ا وال ا
E (x )
f (x ) = (1
x
x − sin x
f (x ) = (2
x + sin x
tan ( 3x )
f (x ) = (3
sin ( 2x )
tan x − sin x
f (x ) = (4
x3
: 11
x 0 2*# ا 7:أدرس ' ا وال ا
f ( x ) = x − sin x x 0 = +∞ (1
f ( x ) = E ( x ) x 0 = +∞ (2
: 12
ℝ @AB ا3 C+ @ *7 f ( x ) = 0 أن ا د
f ( x ) = 2x 3 + 5x − 4 (1
f ( x ) = 1 + sin x − x (2
1 1
f (x ) = − cos x (3
( x + 1) 2
2
: 13
4
f (x ) = x 4 −:ب ا ا ا د اf &
x
[1, 2] @AB ا3 C+ @ *7 f ( x ) = x أن ا د
: 14
I 3 4 ! وℝ ! I ل9! 3 ! د داf &
( ∀x ∈ I ) f ( x ) < 0 أو( ∀x ∈ I ) f ( x ) > 0 : # نJ I م#7 I f D E إذاH أ
: 15
. [ 0,1] , [ 0,1] ! ! [ و0,1] ل9 ا3 4! د داf &
f (α n ) = α nn : L , [ 0,1] ! α n K n ! n @& H أ
: 16
. [a;b ] , [a;b ] ل9! ! ! و4 ! داf &
[a;b ] ل9 @ اAB ا3 C+ @ *7 f ( x ) = x أن ا د
1 "! ا#
cos ( x ) 1
∀x ∈ ℝ ∗ ≤ إذن ∀x ∈ ℝ cos ( x ) ≤ 1 : # .1
x x
cos ( x ) 1
lim = 0 نJ lim = 0 أن و
x →+∞ x x →+∞ x
- أ.2
lim f ( x ) = lim x 2 − 2x cos ( x ) + 1
x →+∞ x →+∞
cos x 1
= lim x 2 1 − 2 + 2 = +∞
x →+∞
x x
xlim x 2 = +∞
→+∞
cos x
xlim = 0 : نB
→+∞ x
1
x →+∞ x 2 = 0
lim
-ب
f (x ) x 2 − 2x cos ( x ) + 1
lim = lim
x →+∞ x x →+∞ x
cos x 1 =1
x 2 1 − 2 + 2 cos x 1
x 1− 2 + 2
x x x x
= lim = lim
x →+∞ x x →+∞ x
2 "! ا#
2 5 1
lim 4x 2 + 2x − 5 + mx − 1 = lim x 4 + − 2 + m − : # .1
x →+∞ x →+∞ x x x
: m > −2 نEإذا
lim 4x 2 + 2x − 5 + mx − 1 = +∞
x →+∞
2 5 1
xlim 4+ − 2 +m − = 2+m >0
→+∞
x x x : نB
lim x = +∞
x →+∞
2 5 1
xlim 4+ − 2 +m − = 2+m <0
→+∞
x x x : نB
lim x = +∞
x →+∞
: m = −2 نE إذا
5
x 2−
4x + 2x − 5 −4x
2 2
x −1
lim 4x 2 + 2x − 5 − 2x − 1 = lim − 1 = lim −1 =
x →+∞ x →+∞
4x 2 + 2x − 5 + 2x x →+∞ 2 5 2
x 4 + − 2 + 2
x x
2 5 1
lim 4x 2 + 2x − 5 + mx − 1 = lim x − 4 + − 2 + m − : # .2
x →−∞ x →−∞ x x x
: m > 2 نE إذا
lim 4x 2 + 2x − 5 + mx − 1 = −∞
x →−∞
2 5 1
xlim − 4+ − 2 +m − = m −2>0
→−∞
x x x : نB
lim x = −∞
x →−∞
2 5 1
xlim − 4+ − 2 +m − = m −2< 0
→−∞
x x x : نB
lim x = −∞
x →−∞
: m = 2 نE إذا
5
x 2−
4 x + 2 x − 5 −4 x
2 2
x −3
lim 4x 2 + 2x − 5 + 2x − 1 = lim − 1 = lim −1 =
x →−∞ x →−∞
4 x 2 + 2x − 5 − 2 x x →−∞ 2 5 2
x − 4 + − 2 − 2
x x
3 "! ا#
x k −1
= 1 + x + x 2 + ........ + x k −1 : # ℝ \ {1} ! x @& .1
x −1
x k −1
lim = k نJ H#! و
x →1 x − 1
4 "! ا#
π
tan + h − 1
tan x − 1 4
limπ = lim
x → 2cos x − 2 h →0 π
4 2cos + h − 2
4
π
tan + tan ( h )
4 −1
π
1 − tan tan ( h )
= lim 4
h →0 π π
2 cos cos ( h ) − sin sin ( h ) − 2
4 4
2 tan ( h )
= lim
h →0
(1 − tan ( h ) ) ( 2 ( cos ( h ) − 1) − 2 sin ( h ) )
tan ( h )
2
= lim h
(1 − tan ( h ) ) 2 h 2 .h − 2 h( )
h →0 cos ( h ) − 1 sin h
2
=−
2
: * + د ا-( ( ل ا ) :2 % ط
π
* قPC A "cos" " وtan" ا ا
4
π
tan ( x ) − tan
tan ( x ) − 1 4
limπ = limπ
x→ 2cos ( x ) − 2 x→
4 2 cos ( x ) − cos
π
4
4
π
tan ( x ) − tan
4
π
x−
= limπ 4
π
cos ( x ) − cos 4
x→
4
2
π
x−
4
π
tan′
= 4
π
2cos′
4
π
1 + tan 2
= 4
π
−2sin
4
2
=
− 2
5 "! ا#
2
f ( x ) = x . sin : ℝ∗ ! x @& # .1
x
2
f ( x ) ≤ x نJ sin ≤ 1 و أن
x
lim f ( x ) = 0 = f ( 0 ) نJ lim x = 0 أنL + و
x →0 x →0
2
x0 4 ! f 2 :x ֏ ا ا: #
x
f 2 (x 0 ) 4 ! f 3 : x ֏ sin x و ا ا
x0 4 ! f 3 f 2 إذن ا ا
x0 4 ! f = f 1 × ( f 3 f 2 ) ا اH#! و
ℝ∗ 3 4! f و
.ℝ 3 4 ! f نJ 0 4 ! f أن ا اL + و
6 "! ا#
2x − 1
f (x ) = (1
x − 6x + 5
2
7 "! ا#
x 2 −1 = x −1 x +1 : # و
x ∈ ]0, 2[ ⇒ x + 1 ≤ 3
x ∈ ]0, 2[ ⇒ x 2 − 1 ≤ 3 x − 1
8 "! ا#
1
f ( x ) = cos 3 (1
x
D f = ℝ∗ #
1
h :x ֏ وg : x ֏ cos ( x ) L + f = g h #
x3
x 0 ∈ ℝ∗ &
( x 0 ∈ D h ر وSK ' داB ) x 0 4 ! داh
(ℝ 3 4 ! g نB ) h ( x 0 ) 4 ! داg
x0 4 ! f H#! وx 0 4 ! g h إذن
Df 3 4! f و
f ( x ) = x 3 − 2x 2 + 1 (2
Df = ℝ #
h : x ֏ x 3 − 2x 2 + 1 وg : x ֏ x L + f = g h #
x0 ∈ℝ &
( ود+ ' داB ) x 0 4 ! داh
(ℝ 3 4! *2 ا * ن دا اB ) h ( x 0 ) 4 ! داg
ℝ 3 4 ! f نJ H#! وx 0 4 ! f إذن
f ( x ) = sin ( x 2 + x ) (3
Df = ℝ #
h : x ֏ x 2 + x وg : x ֏ sin ( x ) L + f = g h #
x0 ∈ℝ &
( ود+ ' داB ) x 0 4 ! داh
(ℝ 3 4 ! "sin" نB ) h ( x 0 ) 4 ! داg
ℝ 3 4 ! f نJ H#! وx 0 4 ! f إذن
f ( x ) = 1 + x 2 (4
Df = ℝ #
h : x ֏1+ x 2 وg : x ֏ x L + f = g h #
x0 ∈ℝ &
( ود+ ' داB ) x 0 4 ! داh
( h ( x 0 ) > 0 وℝ+ 3 4 ! داg نB ) h ( x 0 ) 4 ! داg
ℝ 3 4 ! f نJ H#! وx 0 4 ! f إذن
9 "! ا#
(1
lim f ( x ) = lim 3x + x − 1 = lim 3x = +∞
3 3
x →+∞ x →+∞ x →+∞
lim f ( x ) = lim
( x − 1)( x − 5 ) = lim x − 5 = −1 (2
x →1 x →1 ( x − 1)( x + 3 ) x →1 x + 3
(3
3x 2
lim f ( x ) = lim = lim 3x = +∞
x →+∞ x →+∞ x x →+∞
3x 2
lim f ( x ) = lim = lim 3x = −∞
x →−∞ x →−∞ x x →−∞
(4
x 2 +1 1− x
f (x ) = −x =
x +1 x +1
−x
lim f ( x ) = lim = −1
x →+∞ x →+∞ x
(5
lim f ( x ) = lim
x +1 x
= lim
( x + 1) x = lim x = 1
x − 1 xx→− >−1 ( x + 1)( x − 1)
x →−1 x →−1 2 1 x →−1 x − 1 2
x >−1 x >−1 x >−1
x +1 x − ( x + 1) x −x −1
lim f ( x ) = lim = lim = lim =
x − 1 xx→− <−1 ( x + 1)( x − 1)
x →−1 x →−1 2 1 x →−1 x − 1 2
x <−1 x <−1 x <−1
1 1 x +1 1
f (x ) = + 2 = 2 = ( x + 1) . 2 (6
x x x x
1
lim f ( x ) = lim ( x + 1) . 2 = +∞
x →0 x →0 x
x 3 −1 ( x − 1) ( x 2 + x + 1) x 2 + x +1
f ( )
x = = = (7
( x − 1) ( 3x − 1) ( x − 1) ( 3x − 1) ( x − 1)( 3x − 1)
2 2
x 2 + x +1 1 3
lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ × = × +∞ = +∞
x →1 x →1 3x − 1 x −1 2
x + x +1
2
1 3
lim− f ( x ) = lim− × = × −∞ = −∞
x →1 x →1 3x − 1 x −1 2
lim f ( x ) = lim
x +1 −1
= lim
( x +1 −1 )( x +1 +1 ) = lim 1
=
1
(8
x →0 x →0 x x →0
x ( x +1 +1 ) x →0 x +1 +1 2
10 "! ا#
(1
−1
f (x ) = إذنE ( x ) = −1 : [ −1,0[ ل9 ا3
x
−1
lim f ( x ) = lim = +∞
x →0 x →0 x
x <0 x <0
0
f (x ) = = 0 إذنE ( x ) = 0 : [ 0,1[ ل9 ا3
x
lim f ( x ) = lim 0 = 0
x →0 x →0
x >0 x >0
(2
y
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 x
-1
-2
-3
sin x = −x ⇔ x = 0 : #
D f = ℝ ∗ إذن
sin x sin x
x 1 − 1−
f (x ) = =
x x
sin x 1 + sin x
x 1 +
x x
sin x
lim f ( x ) = 0 إذنlim = 1 [ أن
x →0 x →0 x
tan ( 3x )
f (x ) = (3
sin ( 2x )
k π π k π
Df = ℝ − / k ∈ ℤ ∪ + / k ∈ ℤ
2 6 3
3 tan 3x 2x π π
f (x ) = × × : − ,0 ∪ 0, ل9 ا3
2 3x sin 2x 6 6
2x X tan 3x tan X
lim = lim = 1 وlim = lim =1 : #
x →0 sin 2x X →0 sin X x →0 3x X →0 X
3
lim f ( x ) = : إذن
x →0 2
tan x − sin x
f (x ) = (4
x3
π
D f = ℝ∗ − + k π / k ∈ ℤ
2
tan x − cos x tan x tan x 1 − cos x 1 1
f (x ) = 3
= × 2 = 1× =
x x x 2 2
11 "! ا#
x ∈ ℝ & (2
E (x ) ≤ x < E (x ) +1 #
x − 1 < E ( x ) إذن
x − 1 < f ( x ) إذن
lim f ( x ) = +∞ نJ lim x − 1 = +∞ أن
x →+∞ x →+∞
f ( x ) ≤ x أيE ( x ) ≤ x #
lim f ( x ) = −∞ نJ lim x = −∞ أن
x →−∞ x →−∞
12 "! ا#
f ( x ) = 2x 3 + 5x − 4 : # (1
( ود+ ' داB ) ℝ 3 4 ! f وDf = ℝ : #
[ −1,1] ل9 ا
f ( −1) ≤ 0 ≤ f (1) إذنf (1) = 3 وf ( −1) = −11 : #
L , c ∈ [ −1,1] @AB ا3 K 2 $ ا * [ ا#] ! ھX+ H J [ −1,1] ل9 ا3 4 ! f أن و
f (c ) = 0
ℝ C+ @AB ا3 @ *7 f ( x ) = 0 د " أن ا# X
f ( x ) = 1 + sin x − x # (2
ℝ 3 4 ! f وDf = ℝ : #
f (π ) < 0 < f ( 0 ) إذنf (π ) = 1 − π وf ( 0 ) = 1 : #
L , c ∈ [ 0, π ] @AB ا3 K 2 $ ا * [ ا#] ! ھX+ H J [0,π ] ل9 ا3 4 ! f أن و
f (c ) = 0
ℝ C+ @AB ا3 @ *7 f ( x ) = 0 د " أن ا# X إذن
1 1
f (x ) = − cos x # (3
( x + 1) 2
2
Df 3 4 ! f وD f = ℝ − {−1} : #
[0,2π ] ل9 ا
1 1 1
f ( 2π ) < 0 < f ( 0 ) إذنf ( 2π ) = − وf (0) = : #
( 2π + 1)
2
2 2
L , c ∈ [ 0,2π ] @AB ا3 K 2 $ ا * [ ا#] ! ھX+ H J [0,2π ] ل9 ا3 4 ! f أن و
f (c ) = 0
ℝ C+ @AB ا3 @ *7 f ( x ) = 0 د " أن ا# X إذن
13 "! ا#
4
f (x ) = x 4 − : #
x
ℝ∗ 3 4 ! f وD f = ℝ∗ : #
4
f (x ) = x ⇔ x4− =x
x
4
⇔ x4− −x =0
x
⇔ x 5 −x 2 −4=0
g :x ֏ x 5 −x 2 −4
g (1) ≤ 0 ≤ g ( 2 ) إذنg ( 2 ) = 24 وg (1) = −4 : #
L , c ∈ [1,2] @AB ا3 K 2 $ ا * [ ا#] ! ھX+ H J [1,2] ل9 ا3 4 ! g أن و
g (c ) = 0
g (c ) = 0 ⇔ c 5 − c 2 − 4 = 0
4
⇔ c4 − =c : #
c
⇔ f (c ) = c
f (c ) = c L , c ∈ [1,2] @AB ا3 K إذن
[1, 2] ل9 ا @AB ا3 C+ @ *7 f ( x ) = x د إذن ا
14 "! ا#
I ل9! 3 4 ! f دا
( ∀x ∈ I ) f ( x ) ≠ 0 و( ∃x ∈ I ) f ( x ) ≥ 0 و( ∃x ∈ I ) f ( x ) ≤ 0 ض أنQ
( ∃x ∈ I ) f ( x ) > 0 و( ∃x ∈ I ) f ( x ) < 0 نJ I 3 م#7 I f أن
f (x 1) > 0 وf (x 2 ) < 0 : L , I ! x 2 وx 1 K إذن
f ( x 2 ) < 0 < f ( x 1 ) اS& و ھx 1 ≠ x 2 ! ا ا _ أن
I x 2 وx 1 ي ط هS ل ا9 ا: نJ I ! x 2 وx 1 أن
x 2 وx 1 ي ط هS ل ا9 ا3 4 ! f إذنI 3 4! f #
f (c ) = 0 L , ل9 ا اS ھ3 إ # c K H#! و
15 "! ا#
ℕ∗ ! ا4# n &
g (x ) = f (x ) − x n : اx * *, ا- g ا ا ا د
[0,1] 3 4! ع دا9 E [ 0,1] ل9 ا3 4! g ا ا
g (1) = f (1) − 1 ≤ 0 وg ( 0 ) = f ( 0 ) ≥ 0 # و
أي g (α n ) = 0 : L , [0,1] ! αn K 2 $ ا * [ ا#] ! ھX+ H#! وg ( 0 ) × g (1) ≤ 0 إذن
f (α n ) = α nn
16 "! ا#
g (x ) = f (x ) − x : [a , b ] 3 اg ا ا
( [a , b ] 3 4 ! ع دا9 E ) [a,b ] 3 4! g ا ا
f (b ) ∈ [a;b ] وf ( a ) ∈ [a;b ] نJ [a;b ] , [a;b ] ! ! داf أن
g (b ) ≤ 0 وg (a ) ≥ 0 إذنf (b ) − b ≤ 0 وf ( a ) − a ≥ 0 أيf (b ) ≤ b وa ≤ f ( a ) H#! و
g ( a ) × g (b ) ≤ 0 : و
[a;b ] ل9 ا @AB ا3 C+ @ *7 g ( x ) = 0 د ا: 2 $ ا * [ ا#] ! ھX+ إذن
. [a;b ] ل9 ا @AB ا3 C+ @ *7 f ( x ) = x د ا: و
つづく