CEE 301 Prereq.
CEE 210
Highway Engineering
Introduction
Engr. Tariq Shah
COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus
Course Objectives and Outcomes
This course introduces students with basic elements and features
of roads. It covers traffic facilities, geometric design of
highways, pavement material characterization, pavement
structural design and construction.
After this subject students will have working knowledge and
understanding of the traffic flows, road construction, road
material characterization and pavement design methodology.
Program Learning Outcomes:
The course is designed so that students will achieve the following
PLOs:
PLO-1: Engineering Knowledge
PLO-2: Problem Analysis
PLO-3: Design/Development of Solutions
PLO-4: Investigation
Course Learning Outcomes:
Upon completion of the course student will be able to conduct the
following:
CLO-1: Describe basics of traffic engineering, flow parameters
and shockwave in interrupted traffic flows. (C4-PLO1).
CLO-2: Describe channelization, management techniques and
road construction. (C4-PLO1).
CLO-3: Analyze Traffic Signal Timings, material
characterization, Asphalt Concrete mix, Flexible pavement
thickness design problems and semester project. (C4-PLO2 &
C4-PLO3)
CLO-4: Practice on constituent materials of asphalt concrete to
determine properties and quality of asphalt mix. (C3, PLO4)
Course Outlines
Pavement Materials (Road bed soils, problems and remedies, Stone aggregates,
gradation and batch mixing problems, Composition, types and characterization of
bituminous materials, Bituminous binder testing, Marshall mix design) (CLO-1).
Pavement Structural Design (Introduction to design philosophies, Introduction to
AASHTO design method) (CLO-2).
Geometric Design: Road in Perspective (Classification of roads, Highway
components, Typical cross sections, Important terminologies and definitions).
Elements of Road Cross-section (Pavement characteristics; Drainage channels,
curves and traffic barriers; Right of way). Introduction to Road Alignment
(Horizontal alignment, Vertical alignment). (CLO-2).
Road Construction and Maintenance (Road Construction Plant and Equipment,
Construction of different type of roads) (CLO-1).
Traffic Engineering: Properties of Traffic Engineering Elements (Vehicle
characteristics, Human factor and driver’s characteristics and Road characteristics),
Traffic Flows, Traffic Facilities, Traffic Safety and Management (CLO-3).
Practical’s (Penetration test of bituminous materials. Ductility test of bituminous
materials. Softening point test of bituminous materials. Flash and fire point of
bituminous materials. Aggregate gradation test. Lab and Field CBR Test.
Compaction Test. Blending of aggregates – Mix Design. Marshall stability and flow
test – Mix Design) (CLO-4).
Text/Reference Books
AASHTO guide for design of Pavement Structures.
Principles of Transportation Engineering by Partha Chakroborty and
Animesh Das
Highway Engineering by Clarkson H. Oglesby.
Transportation Engineering by Paul H. Wright and Norman J. Ashford.
Miscellaneous Information
Instructor: Engr. Tariq Shah
Office: Highway Lab
Email: tariqshah@[Link]
Office Hours for Students: 8:30 AM to 4:30 PM
Points for Consideration
Be attentive
Do not hesitate to ask questions
Make notes of what is being taught in the class
Follow the rules/instructions
Attendance will strictly observed
Always try to be positive
Highway Engineering
Highway engineering is an engineering
discipline which involves the design,
construction and maintenance of Highway
Roads & Systems, urban streets as well as
parking facilities. Important aspects of highway
engineering include overall planning of routes,
financing, environmental impact evaluation,
and value engineering to compare alternatives.
Highway Engineering
Areas of highway engineering:
Materials Used for Highway Construction
Geometric design of road facilities
Traffic operations and control
Traffic safety
Maintenance of road facilities and controls
Transportation Engineering
History of Road Construction
History of Road Development in Sub Continent
Ancient Period (3500 BC)
Mughul Period (15th Century)
British Period (17th & 18th Century)
Post Independence (1947 onwards)
Types of Ancient Indian Roads
Indus Valley Civilization :
Roads with brick drains on both sides.
Mauryan rule in the 4th century constructed
Rajpath (high roads)
Banikpaths (merchant roads).
Ashoka Regime:
Road networks with horticulture and rest houses at 4.8 – 6.4km
along the roads.
Mughul Period
Trunk roads between Northwest to Eastern part and also linking
coastal and central part of the Land.
British Period
Trunk roads, bridges, PWD was formed, construction of Grand
Trunk Road
Roman Road Construction
Basic cross section
Impact of Transportation
Economic Development
Social Development
Spatial Development
Cultural Development
Political Development
Classification of Highways
Depending on weather
All weather roads
Fair weather roads
Depending the type of Carriage way
Paved roads
Unpaved roads
Based on the Traffic Volume
Heavy
Medium
Light
Urban Road Classification
ARTERIAL ROADS
SUB ARTERIAL
COLLECTOR
LOCAL STREET
CUL-DE-SAC
PATHWAY
DRIVEWAY
ARTERIAL
No frontage access, no standing vehicle, very little
cross traffic.
Design Speed : 80km/hr
Land width : 50 – 60m
Spacing 1.5km in congested areas & 8km or more
in sparsely developed areas.
Divided roads with full or partial parking
Pedestrian allowed to walk only at intersection
SUB ARTERIAL
Bus stops but no standing vehicle.
Less mobility than arterial.
Spacing for congested area : 0.5km
Sub-urban fringes : 3.5km
Design speed : 60 km/hr
Land width : 30 – 40 m
Collector Street
Collects and distributes traffic from local
streets
Provides access to arterial roads
Located in residential, business and
industrial areas.
Full access allowed.
Parking permitted.
Design speed : 50km/hr
Land Width : 20-30m
Local Street
Design Speed : 30km/hr.
Land Width : 10 – 20m.
Primary access to residence, business or other
abutting property
Less volume of traffic at slow speed
Origin and termination of trips.
Unrestricted parking, pedestrian movements.
(with frontage access, parked vehicle, bus stops
and no waiting restrictions)
CUL–DE- SAC
Dead End Street with only one entry access for
entry and exit.
Recommended in Residential areas only
Your friend’s Termination
house Major
(driveway)
Highway
Local
Access Roads &
(local) Streets
Distribution
(collector)
Main movement
(arterial)
Collection
(collector)
Access
(local)
Origination Your house
(driveway)
Hierarchy of Movements and Roads
Hierarchy of Movements and Roads
Trip Phases
origination (driveway)
access (local road)
collection (collector)
transition (ramp)
main movement (arterial highway)
transition (ramp)
distribution (collector)
access (local road)
termination (driveway)
Road Functions
Mobility
Accessibility
Mobility vs. Accessibility
Road Class Road Function
Freeways Through movement exclusively
Surface Arterials Through movement primary and
some land access
Traffic movement to higher rank
Collectors roads, access to abutting
properties
Local Roads Access to abutting land and local
traffic movement
Hierarchical
Structure of
Road Networks
Mobility and Accessibility
High Mobility Limited Accessibility
Balance between Mobility
And Accessibility
High Accessibility
Limited Mobility
National Highways
The National Highways of Pakistan are a network of highways in
Pakistan that are distinct from its motorways.
The main difference between the two are that, unlike motorways,
national highways are not controlled-access or limited access. As in
the case of motorways,
Pakistan's National Highway Authority owns, maintains and operates
all national highways.
Pakistan's National Highways include famous highways such as the
Grand Trunk Road, the Indus Highway, the Karakoram Highway and
the Makran Coastal Highway
All National Highways in Pakistan are pre-fixed with the letter 'N'
(for "National") followed by the unique numerical designation of the
specific highway (with a hyphen in the middle), e.g. "N-5". Each
numerical designation is separated by five numerals, i.e. N-5, N-10,
N-15, etc.
National highways network consisting of 8,845 Km is 3.5
percent of the total road length in Pakistan and carries 75 % to
85 % of the total commercial traffic.
The government has decided to gradually increase the present
national average road density from 0.24Km/ sq.
National Highways
N-5 Karachi-Thatta-Hyderabad-Moro-Multan-
Sahiwal-Lahore-Jhelum-Rawalpinid-Peshawar-
Torkham (Grand Trunk Road) 1819 km
N-10 Lyari-Gwadar-Gabd (Makran Coastal
Highway) 653 km
N-15 Mansehra-Naran-Jhalkhand 240 km
N-25 Karachi-Bela-Khuzdar-Kalat-Quetta-
Chaman (RCD Highway) 813 km
N-35 Hasanabdal-Abbottabad-Thakot-Gilgit-
Khunjerab (Karakoram Highway, KKH) 806 km
N-40 Lakpass-Nokundi-Taftan 610 km
National Highways
N-45Nowhera-dir-Chitral 309 km
N-50 Kuchlac-Zhob-Dl Khan 531 km
N-55 Kotri-Shikarpur-DG Khan-Kohat-Peshawar
(Indus Highway) 1264 km
N-65 Sukkar-Sibi-Saryab 385 km
N-70 Qilasaifullah-Loralai-DG Khan-Multan 447 km
N-75 Islamabad-Satra Mile-Lower Topa (Murree)-
Kohala (Murree Expressway) 90 km
S-1 Jaglot (KKH)- Shangrial-Karachi-Skardu 167 km
S-2 Kohala-Muzaffarabad 40 km
Expressways/Motorway
Heavy traffic at high speed (120km/hr)
Land Width (90m)
Full access control
Connects major points of traffic generation
No slow moving traffic allowed
No loading, unloading, parking except
dedicated places.
The Motorways of Pakistan are a network of
high-speed, limited- access or controlled-
access highways in Pakistan, which are
owned, maintained and operated federally by
Pakistan's National Highway Authority.
Pakistan Motorways
M1 is from Islamabad to Peshawar. It is a 155 km access-controlled motorway
with 6 lanes.
M2 is from Lahore to Islamabad. It is a 367 km access-controlled motorway with
6 lanes. It was completed in November 1997.
M3 is from Pindi Bhattian to Faisalabad. It is a 53 km access-controlled
motorway with 4 lanes, which, in future, can be increased to 6 lanes.
M4 is from Faisalabad to Multan with a total length of 200 km. It has 4 lanes,
which, in future, can be increased to 6 lanes.
M5 is from Multan to Dera Ghazi Khan with a total length of 65 km and 4 lanes,
which, in future, can be increased to 6 lanes.
M6 is from Dera Ghazi Khan to Ratodero with a total length of 450 km and 4
lanes, which, in future, can be increased to 6 lanes.
M7 is from Kakkar via Dureji to Karachi with a total length of 303 km and 2
lanes.
M8 is from Gwadar to Ratodero with a total length of 1072 km and 2 lanes.
M9 is from Karachi to Hyderabad with a length of 136 Km and 6 lanes.
M10 is the Karachi Northern Bypass, which has a total length of 56 km and 6
lanes
