Chlorhexidine, also known as chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG), is a disinfectant and antiseptic
that is used for skin disinfection before surgery and to sterilize surgical instruments.[2] It may be
used both to disinfect the skin of the patient and the hands of the healthcare providers.[3] It is also
used for cleaning wounds, preventing dental plaque, treating yeast infections of the mouth, and
to keep urinary catheters from blocking.[3] It is used as a liquid or powder.[2][3]
Side effects may include skin irritation, teeth discoloration, and allergic reactions.[3] It may cause
eye problems if direct contact occurs.[1] Use in pregnancy appears to be safe.[4] Chlorhexidine
may come mixed in alcohol, water, or surfactant solution.[3] It is effective against a range of
microorganisms, but does not inactivate spores.[2]
Chlorhexidine came into medical use in the 1950s.[5] It is on the World Health Organization's
List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system.[6]
Chlorhexidine is available over the counter.[1] The wholesale cost in the developing world is
about US$2.20–4.10 per liter of 5% solution.[7] In the United Kingdom this amount costs the
NHS about £4.80.[3]