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How to Measure is NPSH of pumps.
[Link] (2017-05-10T[Link]-07:00) Posted by Piping Design ([Link]
What is NPSH of Pump (Net positive suction head)
When the liquid passes from the pump section to the eye of the impeller, the velocity increases and the pre
decreases. There are also pressure losses due to shock and turbulence as the liquid strikes the im
The centrifugal force of the impeller vanes further increases the velocity and decreases the pressure of the
Thus, the Net positive suction Head required (NPSHr) or sometimes in short as NPSH is the total head at the
section to overcome these pressure drops in the pump and maintain the majority of the liquid above its
pressure. The term “NET” refers to the actual pressure head at the pump section flange and not the static s
head. NPSH required is a function of the pump design and is determined based on actual pump test by vend
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pg)
NPSHa (Net positive suction head available)
Net Positive Suction Head Available is a function of the system in which the pump operates. It is the e
pressure of the liquid in feet absolute over its vapor pressure as it arrives at the pump suction, to be sure th
pump selected does not cavitate. It is calculated based on system or process conditions. NPSHa calculation is s
below:
NPSHaS = hps + hs – hvps – hfs
Hps = Pressure Head i.e. Barometric pressure of the suction vessel
converted to head.
hs = Static Suction Head i.e. the vertical distance between the eye
of first stage impeller centerline and suction liquid level.
hvps = Vapor pressure Head i.e. vapor pressure of liquid at its
maximum pumping temperature converted to Head.
hfs = Frication Head i.e. friction and entrance pressure losses on
suction side converted to Head.
Note:
1. It is important to correct for the specific gravity of the liquid and to convert all terms to units of "feet absolu
using the formula.
2. Any discussion of pump NPSH or cavitation is only concerned about the suction side of the pump. Th
almost always plenty of pressure on the discharge side of the pump to prevent the fluid from vaporizing.
NPSHa in a nutshell
NPSHa = Pressure head + Static head - Vapor pressure head of the product - Friction head loss in the piping, v
and fittings. “All terms in feet absolute”
In an existing system, the NPSHa can also be approximated by a gauge on the pump suction using the formula
NPSHa = hpS - hvpS ? hgS + hvS
hpS = Barometric pressure in feet absolute.
hvpS = Vapor pressure of the liquid at maximum pumping temperature, in feet absolute.
hgS = Gauge reading at the pump suction expressed in feet (plus if above atmospheric, minus if below atmosp
corrected to the pump centerline.
hvS = Velocity head in the suction pipe at the gauge connection, expressed in feet.
Importance of NPSHr and NPSHa
The NPSH of the pump available must always be greater than the NPSH required for the pump to operate pro
It is normal practice to have at least 2 to 3 feet of extra pump NPSH available at the suction flange to avoi
problems at the duty point.
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