Robots & Automation – MFET 445

Robots & CNC in Integrated

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 Robot and Robotics
 What is a Robot?
 Robot Institute of America defines Robot as a
“programmable multi-functional manipulator designed to move
materials, parts, or specialized devices through variable
programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks”
 What is Robotics?
 Webster Dictionary defines Robotics as “Technology dealing
with design, construction and operation of robots”

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 History of Robotics
300 BC
 Water powered Automation was created as early as 300 BC.

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 1801
 Joseph Jacquard invented a textile machine that was operated
by punch cards.
 The machine was called a programmable loom and was used
in mass production.
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ube.com/watch?
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 1892-1921
 In 1892, in United States, Seward Babbitt designed a
motorized crane with a gripper to remove ingots from a
furnace.

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 1892-1921
 In 1921, the first reference to
the word robot appeared in a
play in London.
 The play written by
Czechoslovakian Karel Capek
introduced the word robot
from Czech robota, which
means a serf or one in
subservient labor.
 From this beginning the
concept of a robot started
taking hold.
Rossumovi Univerzální Roboti
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 1939-1942
 Isaac Asimov’s science fiction
writings introduced robots
designed to help humanity
and work safely.
 Three years later he
formulated his “Three Laws of
Robotics” and the view of
robots as gothic menaces.

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 Three Laws of Robotics
1. A robot may not injure a human being, or, through in-
action, allow a human being to come to harm
2. A robot must obey the orders given to it by human beings,
except where such orders would conflict with the First
Law
3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such
protection does not conflict with First and Second law –
Handbook of Robotics

 0th law: A robot may not harm humanity, or by inaction , allow

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 1946
 George C. Devol invented his first of the two main
inventions. It was a device for recording electric signals
magnetically and playing them back to a control machine.
 The device dated around 1946, was patented in 1952.

Drum memory

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 1954
 George C.Devol invents the Programmable Article Transfer.

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 1956
 Joseph Engelberger joins Devol and forms the first successful
robot manufacturing company called Unimation in 1956.

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 1956
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xsWeVtb-JQ

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 1961
 General Motors became
the first company to install
a robot at their plant in
New Jersey
 This robot unloaded a die-
casting machine, quenched
the hot component, and
delivered it to a trim press
for flash removal.

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 1963
 AMF developed a robot
called VERSTRAN which
was used for machine
loading, to transfer
material between
machines, etc.

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 1968
 Shakey, a wheeled non-
autonomous robot was
developed in 1968 by
Stanford Research Institute

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 1970
 At Stanford University a
robot arm was developed
which became a standard
for research projects.
 The arm was electrically
powered and was known as
the Stanford Arm.

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 1973
 Richard Hohn of the
Cincinnati Milacron
Corporation produced the
first mini-computer
controlled commercial
robot called the T3.

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 1974
 In 1974,ASEA introduced an all electric drive Irb6 robot.

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 1976
 Vicarm Inc., founded by Victor Schienman, developed the
first micro-processor controlled robot arm and used it in
Viking 1 & 2.

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 1978
 Based on designs from a General Motors study, PUMA
(Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly) robots
were introduced for assembly by Unimation

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 1979
 Development of SCARA (Selective Compliance Arm for
Robotic Assembly) type robot at Yamanashi University in
Japan for assembly.

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 1980
 Bin-Picking robotic system was demonstrated at University
of Rhode Island.
 This system utilized machine vision and was capable of
picking parts in random orientations and positions out of a
bin.
 Same year saw the establishment of largest university-related
robotics laboratory at the Carnegie Mellon University.
 Direct-Drive robot was developed in this laboratory. It used
electric motors located at the manipulator joints without the
usual mechanical transmission linkages used in most Robots.

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 1981
 General Motors brings Japanese Robot Manufacturer,
FANUC Robotics, into the US market. The company was
called GM-Fanuc Robotics.

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 1981

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 1982
 IBM introduces the RS-1
robot for assembly.
 It was a box framed robot,
using an arm with 3
orthogonal slides.

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 1982
 Utilizing the techniques
developed by URI, a robot
with a vision system was
developed that could pick
up randomly stacked rods.

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 1983
 Odetics Inc. introduced a unique six-legged device called a
functionoid.
 A second generation of this device, called ODEX II, was
equipped with an industrial type manipulator and gripper.

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w33OE

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 1984
 French shipbuilding company Chantiers du Nord et de la
Mediterranee successfully tested a marine robot.

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 1984
 RM3 Marine Robot

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 1986-1991
 From 1986, Robot applications and installations began to
grow.
 In 1990, ASEA Brown Boveri Robotics Inc. purchased the
robotics division of Cincinnati Milacron. With this all future
robots were ASEA machines.
 From 1991, emergence of a global economy, the emphasis on
producing competitive products, and use of new
microelectronics and display technology in robotic system
sparked renewed interest in the robot in integrated
automation systems.

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 1992- 1996
 In 1992, after helping to make Fanuc Robotics the sales
leader in the United States, GM sells its interest because of
financial troubles.
 In 1994, Robot sales in the United States for the first 6
months set new records in the number of units sold and in
total value.

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 1997
 The Path finder space craft landed on mars with Sojourner
Rover Robot.

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 1998-2000
 Since 1998 the number of companies integrating robots and
automation hardware into production cells and systems have
tripled
 The new Sony Robot Dog – AIBO 2000

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Robot Relatives
 Manipulator

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 Tele Operator (Telecherics)

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 Tele Robot

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 SAM
 SAM (L)(Self-propelled Anthropomorphic Manipulator) was
developed in 1969 by Edwin Johnson for the US Atomic
Energy Commission to handle radioactive reactor material.
 Exoskeleton Control System of SAM (R)

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