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Modul ETAP - Fortei7

The document discusses short circuit analysis and calculations using ETAP software. It covers different types of faults like single line to ground, line to line, double line to ground and three phase faults. It also discusses causes of short circuits and open circuits and their effects. The document then explains ANSI and IEC standards for short circuit calculations.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
182 views37 pages

Modul ETAP - Fortei7

The document discusses short circuit analysis and calculations using ETAP software. It covers different types of faults like single line to ground, line to line, double line to ground and three phase faults. It also discusses causes of short circuits and open circuits and their effects. The document then explains ANSI and IEC standards for short circuit calculations.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ETAP TRAINING

Short Circuit Study


• Hubung Singkat
• ANSI Standard
• IEC Standard
• Perhitungan dengan ETAP
2
© Eko Wahyu Susilo, ST.
MACAM GANGGUAN
• Shunts Fault
– Single Line to Ground Fault (70%) - unbalance
– Line to Line Fault (15%) - unbalance
– Double Line to Ground Fault (10%) - unbalance
– Three Phase Fault (5%) - balance
• Series Fault
– Unequal Series Impedances
– One Line Open
– Two Lines Open
4
PENYEBAB HUBUNG SINGKAT
• Internal Effects
– Peralatan Rusak
– Saluran Transmisi Putus
– Kemunduran Isolasi pada Generator, Trafo, Kabel dll
– Umur Isolasi
– Desin Impedansi
– Kesalahan Instalasi

• External Effects
– Kegagalan Isolasi akibat surja petir
– Overloading Peralatan akibat pemanasan
– Kerusakan Mekanik karena manusia

5
PENYEBAB OPEN CIRCUIT
• Kerusakan conductor
• Circuit breaker malfunctions pada satu atau
beberapa phasa

6
EFEK HUBUNG SINGKAT
• Arus hubung singkat yang besar
menyebabkan pemanasan sehingga
menimbulkan kebakaran atau ledakan
• Penurunan umur peralatan
• Kegagalan operasi peralatan sistem tenaga
listrik akibat penurunan tegangan yang terlalu
rendah
• Aliran daya tertahan
• Hilang sinkronisasi
7
EFEK OPEN CIRCUIT
• Operasi sistem tidak normal
• Berbahaya bagai manusia
• Tegangan cenderung naik yang akan
menyebabkan kegagalan isolasi dan dapat
menimbulkan hubung singkat

8
BALANCE TRHEE PHASE

9
Single Line to Ground Fault

10
Positive, Negative, Zero Sequence

11
Generator Sequence Schematic

12
Transmission Sequence Schematic

13
Transformer Sequence Schematic

14
Transformer Sequence Schematic

15
Three Phase Fault

16
Single Line to Ground Fault

17
Line to Line Fault

18
Double Line to Ground Fault

19
Unequal Series Impedances

20
One Line Open

21
Two Lines Open

22
© Eko Wahyu Susilo, ST.
STANDARD ANSI
– Sistem dimodelkan dengan masing-masing
impedansi internal mesin.
– Sistem diasumsikan dalam kondisi seimbang
(balance system).
– Kapasitansi saluran dan beban-beban statis
diabaikan
– Sistem dikondisikan dalam 3 nilai impedansi
yang berbeda untuk perhitungan arus hubung
singkat momentary, Interrupting, dan Steady
State.
24
PERALIHAN SELAMA GANGGUAN

25
Short Circuit Current

Momentary

Interrupting

26
Short Circuit Current

27
SUMBER ARUS GANGGUAN

SUMBER ARUS
GANGGUAN :
• GENERATOR
SINKRON
• MOTOR SINKRON
• MOTOR INDUKSI
• UTILITY

28
BENTUK CONTRIBUSI ARUS

29
ANSI Definition of Terms
• ½ Cycle Network

• 1½ - 4 Cycle Network

• 30 Cycle Network
→Digunakan untuk menentukan setting peralatan pengaman.
30
Reactance’s for Momentary & Interrupting
Current Calculation

31
@ Irwin Lazar
© Eko Wahyu Susilo, ST.
STANDARD IEC

– Arus hubung singkat dikelompokkan


berdasarkan magnitudenya (maksimum /
minimum) dan juga berdasarkan jarak dari
sumber (far / near).
– Arus hubung singkat dihitung berdasarkan
impedansi substransient mesin dan konstanta
waktu.
– Standar IEC mulai banyak diimplementasikan
karena praktis dan lebih mudah dikondisikan
sesuai dengan sistem kelistrikan industri.
33
IEC Short Circuit Current

34
Purpose of the
IEC Short Circuit Values
Design Criterion Physical Effect Relevant short-circuit current

Breaking capacity of circuit Thermal stress to arcing Symmetrical short-circuit breaking


breakers chamber; arc extinction current Ib
Mechanical stress to Forces to electrical devices Peak short-circuit current ip
equipment (e.g. bus bars, cables…)
Thermal stress to Temperature rise of Initial symmetrical short-circuit
equipment electrical devices (e.g. current Ik”
cables) Fault duration
Protection setting Selective detection of Minimum symmetrical short-circuit
partial short-circuit currents current Ik
Earthing, Interference, Potential rise; Maximum initial symmetrical short-
EMC Magnetic fields circuit current Ik”
35
Thank You
37

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