CHAPTER 11: THE EARTH, THE MOON AND THE SUN

11.1 Movements of the Earth, the Moon and the Sun

Rotation of the Earth

1. The _______________ spins on its axis like a spinning top

-This spinning motion is called_________________.

2. An ________________ is an imaginary line that goes through the centre of the

Earth. It links the _________________ pole to the _____________________
pole.

3. The Earth rotates from _______________to _______________________.

4. (a) The Earth takes __________________ to make one complete rotation

(b) It takes _________________to make one complete movement round the

_____________________.

- This movement is called a _________________________.

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Rotation of the Moon

1. Like the Earth, the ___________________ also rotates on its axis from west
to east.

2. While rotating on its axis, it also ________________ round the earth.

3. The time taken for the Moon to make _______________________________

as the time taken for it to go round the Earth.

- Therefore, from the Earth, we always see the same side of the Moon.

The Effects of the Earth’s rotation.

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1. The Sun rises in the _________________ and sets in the
__________________.

- The Sun appears to move across the sky throughout the day.

2. The length and position of the shadows of objects __________________

throughout the day.

3. __________________________________ is a result of the rotation of the

Earth on its axis.

Movements of the Moon and the Earth around the Sun

1. The ____________________ is the centre of the Solar System.

2. The ______________ and the ________________ rotate on their axes.

At the same time, the Earth with its Moon also go around the Sun.

3. One complete journey around the Sun is known as a

_______________________.

4. The Earth takes _______________________________ to make a complete

revolution around the Sun.

5. The earth goes round the Sun and the Moon goes round the Earth in fixed paths
called ________________________ .

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Changes in the lengths and positions of shadows throughout the day

1. The position of the Sun in the sky appears to change as the

____________________________________.

2. As the Earth rotates from west to east, the Sun appears to _____________
across the sky from ____________________.

3. This causes the ______________ and ___________________ of shadows of

objects to change throughout the day.

11.2 The occurrence of day and night

1. The rotation of the Earth on its axis takes place_____________________.

However, the position of the Sun is always ____________________.

2. At any one time,

(a) ___________________________ is facing the Sun.

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-This part of the Earth receives _________________ and experiences
_______________ (part P of the Earth).

(b) Half of the Earth is facing _______________ from the Sun.

- This part of the Earth _________________________ sunlight and, therefore, is

in_______________. This part, Q, experiences____________________.

3. As the Earth rotates, Q slowly takes the place of P.

-As Q faces the Sun, it experiences ___________ while P experiences night.

4. The Earth takes _________________ to complete one__________________.

- During every 24 hours :-

 Half of the Earth experiences ________________

 Half of the Earth experiences ________________

11.3 Phases of Moon

The Moon reflects sunlight

1. On a clear night, we can see the ___________as a bright object in the sky.

2. The Moon does not ______________________.

- It ______________________ from the Sun to Earth.

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- This causes the Moon to __________________ at night.

- The Moon cannot be seen during the day because sunlight is

______________________ than moonlight.

3. The shape of the Moon _______________ from time to time. Sometimes, the
Moon appears _________________________.

-At other times it appears in various shapes of a _____________________.

4. The different shapes of the Moon are called __________________________.

- The four major phases of the Moon are:-

(i) ______________________

(ii) _____________________

(iii) ____________________

(iv) ____________________

5. The Moon completes the cycle of phases ______________ every lunar month.

-The period from one new moon to the next takes about ___________________.

Phases of the Moon

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1 (a) Phases of the Moon are caused by the __________________________and
the Earth to the Moon.

(b) These changes occur when the Moon _____________ round the Earth. At
the same time, the Earth and Moon revolve round the ______________.

2. As the Moon is ______________________________, half of the Moon is

____________ while the other half is _________________.

3. From Earth, the Moon can be seen at different angles on different nights.

4. Therefore, __________________ of the Moon are seen on different nights.

5. The shape of the Moon depends on ____________________________ faces

the Earth.

6. In the diagram, the Sun is shining from ____________________.

- The cycle of phases of the Moon progresses in an ___________________

direction.

Lunar Calendar

1. The calendar that we use now is the AD calendar that shows the
________________________________ during its movement around the Sun.

2. The calendar constructed based on the Moon phases is known as the

____________________________.

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