20/09/2018 Lamiaceae - Wikipedia

Lamiaceae
The Lamiaceae (/ˌleɪmiˈeɪsiˌaɪ, -ˌiː/[3]) or Labiatae are a family of
flowering plants commonly known as the mint or deadnettle family.
Mint family
Many of the plants are aromatic in all parts and include widely used
culinary herbs, such as basil, mint, rosemary, sage, savory, marjoram,
oregano, hyssop, thyme, lavender, and perilla. Some species are shrubs,
trees (such as teak), or, rarely, vines. Many members of the family are
widely cultivated, not only for their aromatic qualities, but also their ease
of cultivation, since they are readily propagated by stem cuttings.
Besides those grown for their edible leaves, some are grown for
decorative foliage, such as Coleus. Others are grown for seed, such as
Salvia hispanica (chia), or for their edible tubers, such as Plectranthus
edulis, Plectranthus esculentus, Plectranthus rotundifolius, and Stachys
affinis (Chinese artichoke).

The family has a cosmopolitan distribution.[4] The enlarged Lamiaceae Lamium purpureum L.
contain about 236 genera[5] and have been stated to contain 6,900[4] to
7,200[5] species, but the World Checklist lists 7,534.[6] The largest genera
Scientific classification
are Salvia (900), Scutellaria (360), Stachys (300), Plectranthus (300), Kingdom: Plantae
Hyptis (280), Teucrium (250), Vitex (250), Thymus (220), and Nepeta
Clade: Angiosperms
(200).[5] Clerodendrum was once a genus of over 400 species,[5] but by
2010, it had been narrowed to about 150.[7] Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
The family has traditionally been considered closely related to the
Verbenaceae;[5] in the 1990s, phylogenetic studies suggested that many Order: Lamiales
genera classified in the Verbenaceae should be classified in the
Family: Lamiaceae
Lamiaceae [8][9] or to other families in the order Lamiales.[1]
Martinov[1][2]
The alternate family name Labiatae refers to the fact that the flowers Type genus
typically have petals fused into an upper lip and a lower lip (labia in
Latin). The flowers are bilaterally symmetrical with five united petals
Lamium
and five united sepals. They are usually bisexual and verticillastrate (a L.
flower cluster that looks like a whorl of flowers, but actually consists of Genera
two crowded clusters). Although this is still considered an acceptable
alternative name, most botanists now use the name Lamiaceae in See text

referring to this family. The leaves emerge oppositely, each pair at right
angles to the previous one (decussate) or whorled. The stems are frequently square in cross section,[10] but this is not
found in all members of the family, and is sometimes found in other plant families.

Contents
Genera
Recent changes
Subfamilies and tribes
Phylogeny

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References
External links

Genera
The last revision of the entire family was published in 2004.[5] It described
and provided keys to 236 genera. These are marked with an asterisk in the
list below. A few genera have been established or resurrected since 2004.
These are marked with a plus sign (+). The remaining genera in the list are Lamium purpureum, showing the
mostly of historical interest only and are from a source that includes such bilaterally symmetrical flower
genera without explanation.[11] Few of these are recognized in modern
treatments of the family.

Kew Gardens provides a list of genera that includes additional

information.[12] A list at the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website is frequently
updated.[13]

*Acanthomintha
*Achyrospermum
Acinos
Acrocephalus
*Acrotome Melissa officinalis
*Acrymia
Adelosa
*Aegiphila
*Aeollanthus
*Agastache
*Ajuga
*Ajugoides
*Alajja
*Alvesia
*Amasonia
*Amethystea
*Anisochilus
*Anisomeles Leucas aspera in Hyderabad, India
Archboldia
*Asterohyptis
*Ballota
*Basilicum
Becium
*Benguellia
*Blephilia
*Bostrychanthera
Bovonia
*Brachysola
*Brazoria
*Bystropogon
Calamintha Orthosiphon thymiflorus flower
*Callicarpa
*Capitanopsis
Capitanya
*Caryopteris
*Catoferia

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*Cedronella
Ceratanthus
*Chaiturus
*Chamaesphacos
*Chaunostoma
*Chelonopsis
*Chloanthes
*Cleonia
*Clerodendrum
*Clinopodium
*Colebrookea
*Collinsonia
*Colquhounia
*Comanthosphace
*Congea
*Conradina
Coridothymus
*Cornutia
*Craniotome Oregano
*Cryphia
*Cuminia
*Cunila
*Cyanostegia
*Cyclotrichium
*Cymaria
*Dauphinea
*Dicerandra
*Dicrastylis
Discretitheca
Dorystoechas
*Dracocephalum
*Drepanocaryum
*Elsholtzia
*Endostemon
Englerastrum
*Eremostachys
*Eriope
*Eriophyton
Eriopidion
*Eriothymus
Erythrochlamys
Euhesperida
*Eurysolen
*Faradaya
*Fuerstia
*Galeopsis
*Garrettia
Geniosporum
*Glechoma
*Glechon
*Glossocarya
*Gmelina
*Gomphostemma
*Gontscharovia
*Hanceola
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*Haplostachys
*Haumaniastrum
*Hedeoma
*Hemiandra
*Hemigenia
*Hemiphora
*Hemizygia
*Hesperozygis
*Heterolamium
*Hoehnea
*Holmskioldia
*Holocheila
Holostylon
*Horminum
*Hosea
*Hoslundia
*Huxleya
*Hymenocrater
*Hymenopyramis
*Hypenia
*Hypogomphia
*Hyptidendron
*Hyptis
*Hyssopus
Isodictyophorus
*Isodon
*Isoleucas
+Kalaharia
*Karomia
Keiskea
Killickia
Kudrjaschevia
*Kurzamra
*Lachnostachys
*Lagochilus
*Lagopsis
*Lallemantia
*Lamiophlomis
*Lamium
*Lavandula
*Leocus
*Leonotis
*Leonurus
*Lepechinia
*Leucas
Leucophae
*Leucosceptrum
Limniboza
*Lophanthus
*Loxocalyx
*Lycopus
*Macbridea
*Madlabium
*Mallophora
*Marmoritis
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*Marrubium
*Marsypianthes
*Matsumurella
*Meehania
*Melissa
*Melittis
*Mentha
*Meriandra
Mesona
*Metastachydium
*Microcorys
*Micromeria
*Microtoena
*Minthostachys
*Moluccella
*Monarda
*Monardella
*Monochilus
*Mosla
*Neoeplingia
Neohyptis
Neorapinia
*Nepeta
*Newcastelia
Nosema
*Notochaete
*Obtegomeria
*Ocimum
Octomeron
*Ombrocharis
*Oncinocalyx
*Origanum
*Orthosiphon
*Otostegia
+Ovieda
*Oxera
*Panzerina
*Paralamium
*Paraphlomis
*Paravitex
*Peltodon
*Pentapleura
*Perilla
*Perillula
*Peronema
*Perovskia
Perrierastrum
Petitia
*Petraeovitex
*Phlomidoschema
*Phlomis
*Phlomoides
*Phyllostegia
*Physopsis
*Physostegia
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*Piloblephis
Pitardia
*Pityrodia
*Platostoma
*Plectranthus
*Pogogyne
*Pogostemon
*Poliomintha
*Prasium
*Premna
*Prostanthera
*Prunella
*Pseuderemostachys
*Pseudocarpidium
*Pseudocaryopteris
*Pseudomarrubium
Puntia
*Pycnanthemum
*Pycnostachys
Rabdosiella
*Renschia
*Rhabdocaulon
*Rhaphiodon
*Rhododon
*Rosmarinus
*Rostrinucula
*Rotheca
*Roylea
*Rubiteucris
+Rydingia
Sabaudia
*Saccocalyx
Salazaria
*Salvia
*Satureja
*Schizonepeta
*Schnabelia
*Scutellaria
*Sideritis
*Siphocranion
Solenostemon
*Spartothamnella
*Sphenodesme
*Stachydeoma
*Stachyopsis
*Stachys
*Stenogyne
*Sulaimania
*Suzukia
*Symphorema
Symphostemon
*Synandra
*Syncolostemon
*Tectona
*Teijsmanniodendron
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+Tetraclea
*Tetradenia
*Teucridium
*Teucrium
*Thorncroftia
*Thuspeinanta
*Thymbra
*Thymus
*Tinnea
*Trichostema
*Tripora
*Tsoongia
*Vitex
*Viticipremna
+Volkameria
*Warnockia
*Wenchengia
*Westringia
Wiedemannia
*Wrixonia
Xenopoma
*Zataria
*Zhumeria
*Ziziphora

Recent changes
The circumscription of several genera has changed since 2004. Tsoongia, Paravitex, and Viticipremna have been
sunk into synonymy with Vitex.[14] Huxleya has been sunk into Volkameria.[7] Kalaharia, Volkameria, Ovieda, and
Tetraclea have been segregated from a formerly polyphyletic Clerodendrum.[7] Rydingia has been separated from
Leucas.[15] The remaining Leucas is paraphyletic over four other genera.[16]

Subfamilies and tribes

In 2004, the Lamiaceae were divided into seven subfamilies with 10 genera not placed in any of the subfamilies.[5] The
unplaced genera are: Tectona, Callicarpa, Hymenopyramis, Petraeovitex, Peronema, Garrettia, Cymaria, Acrymia,
Holocheila, and Ombrocharis. The subfamilies are the Symphorematoideae, Viticoideae, Ajugoideae,
Prostantheroideae, Nepetoideae, Scutellarioideae, and Lamioideae. The subfamily Viticoideae is probably not
monophyletic.[14] The Prostantheroideae and Nepetoideae are divided into tribes. These are shown in the phylogenetic
tree below.

Phylogeny
Most of the genera of Lamiaceae have never been sampled for DNA for molecular phylogenetic studies. Most of those
that have been are included in the following phylogenetic tree. The phylogeny depicted below is based on seven
different sources.[5][9][7][14][17][18][19]

Lamiaceae   Callicarpa
   
  Tectona
 
Viticoideae (pro parte)   Gmelina
   
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  Premna
 
Viticoideae (pro parte) Vitex
 
  Congea
Symphorematoideae  
    Symphorema
 
  Rotheca
 
  Teucrium
 
  Ajuga
 
  Oxera
   
    Faradaya
 
  Kalaharia
 
Ajugoideae
      Clerodendrum
     
      Volkameria
   
    Ovieda
     
      Aegiphila
     
    Tetraclea
 
  Amasonia
 
Chloantheae Chloanthes
 
Prostantheroideae   Prostanthera
  Westringieae  
    Westringia
 
Nepetoideae Ocimeae   Lavandula
     
  Siphocranion
 
    Isodon
   
  Hanceola
 
  Hyptis
 
 
    Orthosiphon
   
    Ocimum
 
   
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    Plectranthus

  Solenostemon
 
  Elsholtzia
Elsholtzieae  
    Perilla
 
  Lepechinia
 
    Salvia
   
  Rosmarinus
 
  Prunella
 
  Nepeta
   
      Dracocephalum
   
  Agastache
 
  Origanum
   
    Thymus
Mentheae  
 
  Mentha
 
 
    Satureja
 
  Clinopodium
     
      Bystropogon
   
      Pycnanthemum
     
    Monarda
 
  Dicerandra
   
    Conradina
 
    Holmskioldia
Scutellarioideae  
    Scutellaria
 
Lamioideae   Pogostemon
   
    Phlomis
   
  Lamium
 
    Stachys
   
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  Sideritis
 
  Haplostachys
 
      Stenogyne
     
    Phyllostegia
 
  Leonurus
 
  Marrubium
 
  Moluccella
 
  Rydingia
 
    Leucas
     
    Leonotis
 

References
1. Stevens, P. F. (July 2012). "Lamiales (Lamiaceae Family)" (http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/order
s/lamialesweb.htm#Lamiaceae). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
2. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the
orders and families of flowering plants: APG III" (http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122630309/abstract)
(PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x (https://
doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x). Retrieved 2013-06-26.
3. "Pronunciation of lamiaceae" (http://www.howjsay.com/index.php?word=lamiaceae). Retrieved 2014-11-25.
4. Heywood, Vernon H.; Brummitt, Richard K.; Seberg, Ole; Culham, Alastair. Flowering Plant Families of the World.
Ontario, Canada: Firefly Books. ISBN 978-1-55407-206-4.
5. Raymond M. Harley, Sandy Atkins, Andrey L. Budantsev, Philip D. Cantino, Barry J. Conn, Renée J. Grayer,
Madeline M. Harley, Rogier P.J. de Kok, Tatyana V. Krestovskaja, Ramón Morales, Alan J. Paton, and P. Olof
Ryding. 2004. "Labiatae" pages 167-275. In: Klaus Kubitzki (editor) and Joachim W. Kadereit (volume editor). The
Families and Genera of Vascular Plants volume VII. Springer-Verlag: Berlin; Heidelberg, Germany. ISBN 978-3-
540-40593-1
6. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/incfamilies.do)
7. Yuan, Yao-Wu; Mabberley, David J.; Steane, Dorothy A.; Olmstead, Richard G. (2010). "Further disintegration and
redefinition of Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae): Implications for the understanding of the evolution of an intriguing
breeding strategy". Taxon. 59 (1): 125–133.
8. Cantino, P.D., Harley, R.M. & Wagstaff, S.J. 1992. Genera of Labiatae: status and classification. Pp. 511-522. In:
Raymond M. Harley and Tom Reynolds (editors). Advances in Labiate Science. Richmond, Royal Botanic
Gardens, Kew.
9. Wagstaff, Steven J.; Hickerson, Laura; Spangler, Russ; Reeves, Patrick A.; Olmstead, Richard G. (1998).
"Phylogeny in Labiatae s.l., inferred from cpDNA sequences". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 209 (3–4): 265–
274. doi:10.1007/bf00985232 (https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00985232).
10. Parnell, J. and Curtis, T. 2012. Webb's An Irish Flora. Cork University Press ISBN 978-185918-4783
11. "List of genera in Lamiaceae". In: "Lamiaceae". In: "List of families". In: "Families and genera in GRIN. (see
External links below)
12. List of Genera in Lamiaceae. At: Vascular Plant Families and Genera. At: World Checklist of Selected Plant
Families. At: Electronic Plant Information Center. At: Website of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. (see External Links
below).

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13. APG list of Lamiaceae genera (http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/genera/lamiaceaegen.html)

14. Bramley, Gemma L.C.; Forest, Félix; Rogier (2009). "Troublesome tropical mints: re-examining generic limits of
Vitex and relations (Lamiaceae) in South East Asia". Taxon. 58 (2): 500–510.
15. Scheen, Anne-Cathrine; Albert, Victor A. (2007). "Nomenclatural and taxonomic changes within the Leucas clade
(Lamioideae; Lamiaceae)" ". Systematics and Geography of Plants. 77 (2): 229–238.
16. Scheen, Anne-Cathrine; Albert, Victor A. (2009). "Molecular Phylogenetics of the Leucas Group (Lamioideae;
Lamiaceae)" ". Systematic Botany. 34 (1): 173–181. doi:10.1600/036364409787602366 (https://doi.org/10.1600/0
36364409787602366).
17. Zhong, Jin-Shun; Li, Jie; Li, Lang; Conran, John G.; Hsi-wen, Li (2010). "Phylogeny of Isodon (Schrad. ex Benth.)
Spach (Lamiaceae) and Related Genera Inferred from Nuclear Ribosomal ITS, trnL-trnF Region, and rps16 Intron
Sequences and Morphology". Systematic Botany. 35 (1): 207–219. doi:10.1600/036364410790862614 (https://do
i.org/10.1600/036364410790862614).
18. Walker, Jay B.; Sytsma, Kenneth J. (2007). "Staminal Evolution in the Genus Salvia (Lamiaceae): Molecular
Phylogenetic Evidence for Multiple Origins of the Staminal Lever" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC
2735309). Annals of Botany. 100 (2): 375–391. doi:10.1093/aob/mcl176 (https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcl176).
PMC 2735309 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2735309)  . PMID 16926227 (https://www.ncbi.nl
m.nih.gov/pubmed/16926227).
19. Ryding, P. Olof (2010). "Pericarp structure and phylogeny of tribe Mentheae (Lamiaceae)" ". Plant Systematics
and Evolution. 285 (3-4): 165–175. doi:10.1007/s00606-010-0270-9 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-010-0270-9).

External links
Lamiaceae (http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/labiatae.htm) in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The
families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval. (https://web.archive.org/
web/20070103200438/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/) http://delta-intkey.com

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