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COM

COMPILATIONS OF
INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS
This compilation by rajeshnayak only, But I
am Further simplifying the things over here
by highlighting Important Things !!

-From Srinath
Asst.Professor
M.tech
PART-I
COVERS UNITED NATIONS SIX PRINCIPAL ORGANS
COVERS UNITED NATIONS 20 SPECIALIZED AGENCIES

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United Nations and agencies Highlighted
The UN has six principal organs:
Important
 The General Assembly (the main deliberative assembly); points to
 The Security Council (decides certain resolutions for peace and security);
easily
 The Economic and Social Council (assists in promoting international economic and social cooperation
and development); grasp the
 things in
The Secretariat (provides studies, information, and facilities needed by the UN);
 The International Court of Justice (the primary judicial organ).
 The United Nations Trusteeship Council (inactive)
one seeing
-Srinath G
United Nations General Assembly
 The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA, GA, or, from the French: Assemblée Générale,
"AG") is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations and the only one in which all member
nations have equal representation. Its powers are to oversee the budget of the United Nations, appoint
the non-permanent members to the Security Council, receive reports from other parts of the United
Nations and make recommendations in the form of General Assembly Resolutions. It has also
established a wide number of subsidiary organs.

 The General Assembly meets under its president or Secretary-General in regular yearly sessions the
main part of which lasts from September to December and resumed part from January until all issues
are addressed (which often is just before the next session's start). It can also reconvene for special
and emergency special sessions. Its composition, functions, powers, voting, and procedures are set
out in Chapter IV of the United Nations Charter.

 The first session was convened on 10 January 1946 in the Westminster Central Hall in London and
included representatives of 51 nations.

 Voting in the General Assembly on important questions, namely, recommendations on peace and
security, budgetary concerns and the election, admission, suspension or expulsion of members – is
by a two-thirds majority of those present and voting. Other questions are decided by a
straightforward majority. Each member country has one vote. Apart from approval of budgetary
matters, including adoption of a scale of assessment, Assembly resolutions are not binding on the
members. The Assembly may make recommendations on any matters within the scope of the UN,
except matters of peace and security under Security Council consideration.[3] The one state, one
vote power structure potentially allows states comprising just five percent of the world population to
pass a resolution by a two-thirds vote.[4]

 During the 1980s, the Assembly became a forum for the "North-South dialogue": the discussion of
issues between industrialized nations and developing countries. These issues came to the fore

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because of the phenomenal growth and changing makeup of the UN membership. In 1945, the UN
had 51 members. It now has 193, of which more than two-thirds are developing countries. Because of
their numbers, developing countries are often able to determine the agenda of the Assembly (using
coordinating groups like the G77), the character of its debates, and the nature of its decisions. For
many developing countries, the UN is the source of much of their diplomatic influence and the principal
outlet for their foreign relations initiatives.

 Although the resolutions passed by the General Assembly do not have the binding forces over the
member nations (apart from budgetary measures), pursuant to its Uniting for Peace resolution of
November 1950 (resolution 377 (V)), the Assembly may also take action if the Security Council fails
to act, owing to the negative vote of a permanent member, in a case where there appears to be a
threat to the peace, breach of the peace or act of aggression. The Assembly can consider the matter
immediately with a view to making recommendations to Members for collective measures to maintain
or restore international peace and security.
 All 193 members states of the United Nations are members of the General Assembly. Further, the
United Nations General Assembly may grant observer status to an international organization, entity or
non-member state, which entitles the entity to participate in the work of the United Nations General
Assembly, though with limitations.

United Nations Security Council

 The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United
Nations, charged with the maintenance of international peace and security as well as accepting new
members to the United Nations and approving any changes to its United Nations Charter. Its powers
include the establishment of peacekeeping operations, the establishment ofinternational sanctions,
and the authorization of military action through Security Council resolutions; it is the only UN body
with the authority to issue binding resolutions to member states. The Security Council held its first
session on 17 January 1946.

 Like the UN as a whole, the Security Council was created following World War II to address the
failings of another international organization, the League of Nations, in maintaining world peace. In
its early decades, the body was largely paralyzed by the Cold War division between the US and
USSR and their respective allies, though it authorized interventions in the Korean War and theCongo
Crisis and peacekeeping missions in the Suez Crisis, Cyprus, and West New Guinea. With the
collapse of the Soviet Union, UN peacekeeping efforts increased dramatically in scale, and the
Security Council authorized major military and peacekeeping missions
in Kuwait, Namibia, Cambodia, Bosnia, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, and the Democratic Republic of
Congo.

 The Security Council consists of fifteen members. The great powers that were the victors of World
War II— the Soviet Union (now represented by Russia), the United Kingdom, France, China (now
represented by the People's Republic of China), and the United States—serve as the body's five
permanent members. These permanent members can veto any substantive Security Council
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resolution, including those on the admission of new member states or candidates for Secretary-
General. The Security Council also has 10 non-permanent members, elected on a regional basis to
serve two-year terms. The body's presidency rotates monthly among its members. Critics of the
council often describe it as an undemocratic international body, and argue it fails its principal task,
mainly because of the veto power of the permanent members.

 Security Council resolutions are typically enforced by UN peacekeepers, military forces voluntarily
provided by member states and funded independently of the main UN budget. As of 2016, 103,510
peacekeeping soldiers and 16,471 civilians are deployed on 16 peacekeeping operations and 1
special political mission.[1] Evaluations of the Security Council's effectiveness are mixed, and calls for
its reform predate the body's first meeting; however, little consensus exists on how its structure
should be changed.

United Nations Economic and Social Council

 The United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC; French: Conseil économique et
social des Nations unies, CESNU) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations, responsible
for coordinating the economic, social and related work of 14 UN specialized agencies, their functional
commissions and five regional commissions. The ECOSOC has 54 members. It holds one four-week
session each year in July, and since 1998, it has also held a meeting of April with finance ministers
heading key committees of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

 The ECOSOC serves as the central forum for discussing international economic and social issues,
and for formulating policy recommendations addressed to member states and the United Nations
system.[2] A number of non-governmental organizations have been granted consultative status to the
Council to participate in the work of the United Nations.

United Nations Secretariat

 one of the six major organs of the United Nations (a) the General Assembly; (b) the Security Council;
(c) the Economic and Social Council; (d) the defunct Trusteeship Council; and (e) theInternational
Court of Justice.[1][2] The Secretariat is the United Nations' executive arm. The Secretariat has an
important role in setting the agenda for the UN's deliberative and decision making bodies of the UN
(the General Assembly, Economic and Social Council, and Security Council), and the
implementation of the decision of these bodies. Secretary-General, who is appointed by the General
Assembly, is the head of the secretariat.

International Court of Justice

 The International Court of Justice (French: Cour internationale de justice; commonly referred to as
the World Court or ICJ) is the primary judicial branch of the United Nations (UN). Seated in
the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands, the court settles legal disputes submitted to it
by states and provides advisory opinions on legal questions submitted to it by duly authorized
international branches, agencies, and the UN General Assembly.

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Established 1945

Country Worldwide, 193 State Parties

Location The Hague, Netherlands

Coordinates 52°05′11.76″N 4°17′43.80″ECoordinates: 52°05′11.76″N 4°17′43.80″E

Authorized by UN Charter

ICJ Statute

Judge term length 9 years

Number of positions 15

 Established in 1945 by the UN Charter, the Court began work in 1946 as the successor to
the Permanent Court of International Justice. The Statute of the International Court of Justice, similar
to that of its predecessor, is the main constitutional document constituting and regulating the Court.

United Nations Trusteeship Council

 The United Nations Trusteeship Council (French: Le Conseil de tutelle des Nations unies), one of
the principal organs of theUnited Nations, was established to help ensure that trust territories were
administered in the best interests of their inhabitants and of international peace and security. The trust
territories—most of them former mandates of the League of Nations or territories taken from nations
defeated at the end of World War II—have all now attained self-government or independence, either
as separate nations or by joining neighbouring independent countries. The last was Palau, formerly
part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, which became a member state of the United Nations in
December 1994.

 The Trusteeship Council was formed in 1945 to oversee the decolonization of those dependent
territories that were to be placed under the international trusteeship system created by the United
Nations Charter as a successor to the League of Nations mandate system. Ultimately, eleven
territories were placed under trusteeship: seven in Africa and four in Oceania. Ten of the trust
territories had previously been League of Nations mandates; the eleventh was Italian Somaliland.

 In March 1948, the United States proposed that the territory of Mandatory Palestine be placed under
UN Trusteeship with the termination of the British Mandate in May 1948 (see American trusteeship
proposal for Palestine). However, the US did not make an effort to implement this proposal, which
became moot with the declaration of the State of Israel.

 Under the Charter, the Trusteeship Council was to consist of an equal number of United Nations
Member States administering trust territories and non-administering states. Thus, the Council was to
consist of (1) all U.N. members administering trust territories, (2) the five permanent members of

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the Security Council, and (3) as many other non-administering members as needed to equalize the
number of administering and non-administering members, elected by the United Nations General
Assembly for renewable three-year terms. Over time, as trust territories attained independence, the
size and workload of the Trusteeship Council was reduced and ultimately came to include only the five
permanent Security Council members (China, France, the Soviet Union/Russian Federation, the
United Kingdom, and the United States).

 With the independence of Palau, formerly part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, in 1994,
there presently are no trust territories, leaving the Trusteeship Council without responsibilities. (Since
the Northern Mariana Islands was a part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands and became
a commonwealth of the USA in 1986, it is technically the only area to have not joined as a part of
another state or gained full independence as a sovereign nation.)

The UN also includes various Funds, Programmes and specialized agencies:

 Food and Agriculture Organization

 International Labour Organization
 International Civil Aviation Organization
 International Maritime Organization
 Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
 United Nations Capital Development Fund
 United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
 United Nations Development Programme
 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
 United Nations Environment Programme
 United Nations Human Settlements Programme
 United Nations Industrial Development Organization
 United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR)
 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
 Universal Postal Union
 World Health Organization (WHO)
 World Intellectual Property Organization
 World Food Programme
 World Meteorological Organization
 World Tourism Organization

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Food and Agriculture Organization

 The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO; French: Organisation des
Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture, Italian: Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per
l'Alimentazione e l'Agricoltura) is an agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to
defeat hunger. Serving both developed and developing countries, FAO acts as a neutral forum where
all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy.

 FAO is also a source of knowledge and information, and helps developing countries and countries in
transition modernize and improve agriculture, forestry and fisheries practices, ensuring
good nutrition and food security for all. Its Latin motto, fiat panis, translates as "let there be bread". As
of 8 August 2013, FAO has 194 member states, along with the European Union (a "member
organization"), and the Faroe Islands and Tokelau, which are associate members.

International Labour Organization

 The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency dealing with labour issues,
particularly international labour standards, social protection, and work opportunities for all.[1] The ILO
has 187 member states: 186 of the 193 UN member states plus the Cook Islands are members of the
ILO.

 In 1969, the organization received the Nobel Peace Prize for improving peace among classes,
pursuing decent work and justice for workers, and providing technical assistance to other developing
nations.[2]

 The ILO registers complaints against entities that are violating international rules; however, it does not
impose sanctions on governments.
 Unlike other United Nations specialized agencies, the International Labour Organization has
a tripartite governing structure – representing governments, employers, and workers (usually with a
ratio of 2:1:1).[4] The rationale behind the tripartite structure is the creation of free and open debate
among governments and social partners.

International Civil Aviation Organization

 The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO, pronounced /aɪˈkeɪ.oʊ/; French: Organisation
de l'aviation civile internationale, OACI), is a specialized agency of the United Nations. It codifies the
principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and development of
international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth.[2] Its headquarters are located in
the Quartier International of Montreal, Canada.

 The ICAO Council adopts standards and recommended practices concerning air navigation, its
infrastructure, flight inspection, prevention of unlawful interference, and facilitation of border-crossing
procedures for international civil aviation. ICAO defines the protocols for air accident investigation

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followed by transport safety authorities in countries signatory to the Convention on International Civil
Aviation (Chicago Convention).

 The Air Navigation Commission (ANC) is the technical body within ICAO. The Commission is
composed of 19 Commissioners, nominated by the ICAO's contracting states, and appointed by the
ICAO Council.[3] Commissioners serve as independent experts, who although nominated by their
states, do not serve as state or political representatives. The development of Aviation Standards and
Recommended Practices is done under the direction of the ANC through the formal process of ICAO
Panels. Once approved by the Commission, standards are sent to the Council, the political body of
ICAO, for consultation and coordination with the Member States before final adoption.

 ICAO is distinct from other international air transport organizations, like the International Air Transport
Association (IATA), a trade association representing airlines; the Civil Air Navigation Services
Organisation (CANSO), an organization for Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs); and
the Airports Council International, a trade association of airport authorities.

International Maritime Organization

 The International Maritime Organization (IMO), known as the Inter-Governmental Maritime
Consultative Organization (IMCO) until 1982,[3] is a specialised agency of the United
Nations responsible for regulating shipping. The IMO was established in Geneva in 1948[4] and came
into force ten years later, meeting for the first time in 1959. Headquartered in London, United Kingdom,
the IMO has 171 Member States and three Associate Members.[3]

 The IMO's primary purpose is to develop and maintain a comprehensive regulatory framework for
shipping and its remit today includes safety, environmental concerns, legal matters, technical co-
operation, maritime security and the efficiency of shipping. IMO is governed by an assembly of
members and is financially administered by a council of members elected from the assembly. The
work of IMO is conducted through five committees and these are supported by technical
subcommittees. Member organizations of the UN organizational family may observe the proceedings
of the IMO. Observer status is granted to qualified non-governmental organizations.

 IMO is supported by a permanent secretariat of employees who are representative of the

organization's members. The secretariat is composed of a Secretary-General who is periodically
elected by the assembly, and various divisions such as those for marine safety, environmental
protection and a conference section.

Joint United Nations Programme on

HIV/AIDS

 The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) is the main advocate for
accelerated, comprehensive and coordinated global action on the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
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 The mission of UNAIDS is to lead, strengthen and support an expanded response to HIV and AIDS
that includes preventing transmission of HIV, providing care and support to those already living with
the virus, reducing the vulnerability of individuals and communities to HIV and alleviating the impact
of the epidemic. UNAIDS seeks to prevent the HIV/AIDS epidemic from becoming a severe
pandemic.
 UNAIDS has five goals:

 Leadership and advocacy for effective action on the epidemic;

 Strategic information and technical support to guide efforts against AIDS worldwide ;
 Tracking, monitoring and evaluation of the epidemic and of responses to it ;
 Civil society engagement and the development of strategic partnerships;
 Mobilization of resources to support an effective response.

 UNAIDS is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, where it shares some site facilities with the World
Health Organization. It is a member of the United Nations Development Group.[1] Its first executive
director was Peter Piot; Michel Sidibé currently leads UNAIDS. The agency promotes the GIPA
principle (greater involvement of people living with HIV) formulated in 1994, and endorsed by the
United Nations in 2001 and 2006.

United Nations Capital Development Fund

 The United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) is the UN’s capital investment agency for
the world’s 48 least developed countries. It creates new opportunities for poor people and their
communities by increasing access to microfinance and investment capital.

 UNCDF focuses on Africa and the poorest countries of Asia, with a special commitment to countries
emerging from conflict or crisis. It provides seed capital – grants and loans – and technical support to
help microfinance institutions reach more poor households and small businesses, and local
governments finance the capital investments, such as water systems, feeder roads, schools, irrigation
schemes, that will improve poor people's lives.

 UNCDF works to enlarge people's choices: it believes that poor people and communities should take
decisions about their own development. Its programmes help to empower women – over 50% of the
clients of UNCDF-supported microfinance institutions are women – and its expertise in microfinance
and local development is shaping new responses to food insecurity, climate change and other
challenges. All UNCDF support is provided via national systems, in accordance with the Paris
Principles. UNCDF works in challenging environments, such as remote rural areas, countries
emerging from conflict, and paves the way for others to follow. Its programmes are designed to
catalyze larger investment flows from the private sector, development partners and national
governments, for significant impact on the Millennium Development Goals, especially Goal
1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger, Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women,

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and Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability. UNCDF is supporting global programmes like Better
Than Cash Alliance.

 Established by the General Assembly in 1966 and with headquarters in New York, UNCDF is an
autonomous UN organization affiliated with UNDP.

UNICEF
 The United Nations Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF; /ˈjuːnᵻsɛf/)[1] is a United Nations program
headquartered in New York City that provides long-term humanitarian and developmental assistance
to children and mothers in developing countries. It is one of the members of the United Nations
Development Group and its Executive Committee.[2]
 UNICEF was created by the United Nations General Assembly on December 11, 1946, to provide
emergency food and healthcare to children in countries that had been devastated by World War
II. Maurice Pate, American humanitarian and businessman, co-founded the United Nations Children's
Emergency Fund (UNICEF) with Herbert Hoover in 1947. Pate served as its first executive director
from 1947 until his death in 1965.[3] In 1953, UNICEF became a permanent part of the United Nations
System and its name was shortened from the original United Nations International Children's
Emergency Fund but it has continued to be known by the popular acronym based on this previous
title.
 UNICEF relies on contributions from governments and private donors, UNICEF's total income for 2008
was $3,372,540,239.[4]Governments contribute two thirds of the organization's resources; private
groups and some 6 million individuals contribute the rest through the National Committees. It is
estimated that 91.8% of their revenue is distributed to Program Services.[5] UNICEF's programs
emphasize developing community-level services to promote the health and well-being of children.
UNICEF was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1965 and the Prince of Asturias Award of Concord in
2006.
 Most of UNICEF's work is in the field, with staff in over 190 countries and territories. More than 200
country offices carry out UNICEF's mission through a program developed with host governments.
Seven regional offices provide technical assistance to country offices as needed.
 Overall management and administration of the organization takes place at its headquarters in New
York. UNICEF's Supply Division is based in Copenhagen and serves as the primary point of
distribution for such essential items as vaccines, antiretroviral medicinesfor children and mothers
with HIV, nutritional supplements, emergency shelters, family reunification, educational supplies,
among others. A 36-member Executive Board establishes policies, approves programs and oversees
administrative and financial plans. The Executive Board is made up of government representatives
who are elected by the United Nations Economic and Social Council, usually for three-year terms.
 Recent executive directors of UNICEF include Carol Bellamy (1995–2005), a former head of the Peace
Corps, and Ann Veneman (2005-2010), a former United States Secretary of Agriculture whose
mandate included increasing the organization's focus on the Millennium Development Goals. Since

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2010, the current Executive Director of UNICEF has been Anthony Lake, a former US National
Security Advisor.
 UNICEF is an intergovernmental organization (IGO) and thus is accountable to those governments.
UNICEF’s salary and benefits package[6] is based on the United Nations Common System.

United Nations Development Programme

 The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the United Nations' global development
network.

 Headquartered in New York City, UNDP advocates for change and connects countries to knowledge,
experience and resources to help people build a better life. It provides expert advice, training, and
grants support to developing countries, with increasing emphasis on assistance to the least developed
countries.

 The status of UNDP is that of an executive board within the United Nations General Assembly. The
UNDP Administrator is the third highest-ranking official of the United Nations after the United Nations
Secretary-General and Deputy Secretary-General.[2]

 To accomplish the MDGs and encourage global development, UNDP focuses on poverty reduction,
HIV/AIDS, democratic governance, energy and environment, social development, and crisis
prevention and recovery. UNDP also encourages the protection of human rights and the empowerment
of women in all of its programmes. The UNDP Human Development Report Office also publishes an
annual Human Development Report (since 1990) to measure and analyse developmental progress.
In addition to a global Report, UNDP publishes regional, national, and local Human Development
Reports.[3]

 UNDP is funded entirely by voluntary contributions from member nations. The organization operates
in 177 countries, where it works with local governments to meet development challenges and develop
local capacity. Additionally, the UNDP works internationally to help countries achieve the Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs). Currently, the UNDP is one of the main UN agencies involved in the
development of the Post-2015 Development Agenda.

 UNDP works with nations on their own solutions to global and national development challenges. As
they develop local capacity, they draw on the people of UNDP and its wide range of partners.
 The UNDP was founded on the 22nd of November 1965 with the merger of the Expanded Programme
of Technical Assistance (EPTA) and the Special Fund.[5] The rationale was to "avoid duplication of
[their] activities". The EPTA was set up in 1949 to help the economic and political aspects of
underdeveloped countries while the Special Fund was to enlarge the scope of UN technical
assistance.[6] The Special Fund arose from the idea of a Special United Nations Fund for Economic
Development (SUNFED) (which was initially called UNFED). While countries such as the Nordic
countries were proponents of such a United Nations (UN) controlled fund.
 However, this was opposed by developed countries, especially by the United States who was wary of
the Third World dominating such a funding and preferred it to be under the auspices of the World
Bank. The concept of SUNFED was dropped to form the "Special Fund". This Special Fund was some
compromise over the SUNFED concept, it did not provide investment capital, but only helped to bring
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pre-conditions for private investment. With the US proposing and creating the International
Development Association within the World Bank's umbrella, the EPTA and the Special Fund appeared
to be conducting similar work. In 1962, the United Nations Economic and Social Council asked the
Secretary General to consider the merits and disadvantages of merging UN technical assistance
programmes and in 1966, the EPTA and the Special Fund merged to form the UNDP.

UNESCO
 The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)[2] is
a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN). Its purpose is to contribute to peace and security by
promoting international collaboration through educational, scientific, and cultural reforms in order to
increase universal respect for justice, the rule of law, and human rights along with
fundamental freedom proclaimed in the United Nations Charter.[1] It is the heir of the League of
Nations' International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation.

 UNESCO has 195 member states[3] and nine associate members.[4][5] Most of its field offices are
"cluster" offices covering three or more countries; national and regional offices also exist.

 UNESCO pursues its objectives through five major programs: education, natural
sciences, social/human sciences, culture andcommunication/information. Projects sponsored by
UNESCO include literacy, technical, and teacher-training programmes, international science
programmes, the promotion of independent media and freedom of the press, regional and cultural
history projects, the promotion of cultural diversity, translations of world literature, international
cooperation agreements to secure the worldcultural and natural heritage (World Heritage Sites) and
to preserve human rights, and attempts to bridge the worldwide digital divide. It is also a member of
the United Nations Development Group.[6]

 UNESCO's aim is "to contribute to the building of peace, the eradication of poverty, sustainable
development and intercultural dialogue through education, the sciences, culture, communication and
information".[7] Other priorities of the organization include attaining quality Education For All and lifelong
learning, addressing emerging social and ethical challenges, fostering cultural diversity, a culture of
peace and building inclusive knowledge societies through information and communication.[8]

 The broad goals and concrete objectives of the international community — as set out in the
internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) —
underpin all UNESCO's strategies and activities.

United Nations Environment Programme

 The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is an agency of United Nations and
coordinates its environmental activities, assisting developing countries in
implementing environmentally sound policies and practices. It was founded by Maurice Strong, its first
director, as a result of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm
Conference) in June 1972 and has its headquarters in the Gigiri neighborhood of Nairobi, Kenya.
UNEP also has six regional offices and various country offices.
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 Its activities cover a wide range of issues regarding the atmosphere, marine and
terrestrial ecosystems, environmental governance and green economy. It has played a significant role
in developing international environmental conventions, promoting environmental science and
information and illustrating the way those can be implemented in conjunction with policy, working on
the development and implementation of policy with national governments, regional institutions in
conjunction with environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs). UNEP has also been active
in funding and implementing environment related development projects.

 UNEP has aided in the formulation of guidelines and treaties on issues such as the international trade
in potentially harmful chemicals, transboundary air pollution, and contamination of international
waterways.

 The World Meteorological Organization and UNEP established the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988. UNEP is also one of several Implementing Agencies for the Global
Environment Facility (GEF) and the Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol,
and it is also a member of the United Nations Development Group.[1] The International Cyanide
Management Code, a program of best practice for the chemical’s use at gold mining operations, was
developed under UNEP’s aegis.

United Nations Human Settlements

Programme

 The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN–Habitat) is the United Nations agency
for human settlements andsustainable urban development. It was established in 1978 as an outcome
of the First UN Conference on Human Settlements and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat I)
held in Vancouver, Canada in 1976. UN-Habitat maintains its headquarters at the United Nations
Office at Nairobi, Kenya. It is mandated by the United Nations General Assembly to promote socially
and environmentally sustainable towns and cities with the goal of providing adequate shelter for all. It
is a member of the United Nations Development Group.[3] The mandate of UN-Habitat derives from
the Habitat Agenda, adopted by the United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II) in
Istanbul, Turkey, in 1996. The twin goals of the Habitat Agenda are adequate shelter for all and the
development of sustainable human settlements in an urbanizing world.

 Since October 2010 the Executive Director is Joan Clos i Matheu, former mayor of Barcelona and
Minister of Industry, Tourism and Trade of the Government of Spain.

United Nations Industrial Development

Organization
 The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), French/Spanish/Portuguese
acronym ONUDI, is aspecialized agency in the United Nations system, headquartered in Vienna,
Austria. The Organization's primary objective is the promotion and acceleration of industrial
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development in developing countries and countries with economies in transition and the promotion of
international industrial cooperation. It is also a member of the United Nations Development Group.

United Nations International Strategy for

Disaster Reduction
 The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR) was created in December 1999.
The successor to the secretariat of the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction, it was
established to ensure the implementation of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (General
Assembly (GA) resolution 54/219 [1]).[2]

 UNISDR is part of the United Nations Secretariat and its functions span the social, economic,
environmental as well as humanitarian fields. UNISDR supports the implementation, follow-up and
review of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction adopted by the Third UN World
Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction on 18 March 2015 in Sendai, Japan. The Sendai Framework
is a 15-year voluntary, non-binding agreement that maps out a broad, people-centred approach to
disaster risk reduction, succeeding the 2005-2015 Hyogo Framework for Action.

 UNISDR’s vision is anchored on the four priorities for action set out in the Sendai Framework:
understanding disaster risk, strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk, investing
in disaster risk reduction for resilience, and enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response
and to “Build Back Better” in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction.[2]

 UNISDR is led by a United Nations Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Disaster Risk
Reduction (SRSG) and has over 100 staff located in its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, 5
regional offices (Africa: Nairobi, the Americas: Panama City, Arab States: Cairo, Asia-Pacific: Bangkok
and Europe: Brussels) and other field presences in Addis Ababa, Almaty, Bonn, Incheon, Kobe, New
York-UN Headquarters, Rio de Janeiro and Suva.[3]

 UNISDR coordinates international efforts in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and guide, monitor as well
as report regularly on the progress of the implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk
Reduction, following the Hyogo Framework for Action. It convenes the biennial Global Platform on
Disaster Risk Reduction with leaders and decision makers to advance risk reduction policies and
supports the establishment of regional, national and thematic platforms.[4]

 UNISDR informs and connects people by providing practical services and tools such as the risk
reduction website PreventionWeb, terminology, publications on good practices, country profiles and
the Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction which is an authoritative biennial analysis
of global disaster risks and trends.

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

 The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) (in French Office des Nations unies contre
la drogue et le crime) is a United Nations office that was established in 1997 as the Office for Drug
Control and Crime Prevention by combining the United Nations International Drug Control Program

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(UNDCP) and the Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Division in theUnited Nations Office at
Vienna.[1] It is a member of the United Nations Development Group[2] and was renamed the United
Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in 2002.

Universal Postal Union

 The Universal Postal Union (UPU, French: Union postale universelle) is a specialized agency of
the United Nations that coordinates postal policies among member nations, in addition to the
worldwide postal system. The UPU contains four bodies consisting of the Congress, the Council of
Administration (CA), the Postal Operations Council (POC) and the International Bureau (IB). It also
oversees the Telematics and EMS cooperatives. Each member agrees to the same terms for
conducting international postal duties. The UPU's headquarters are located in Bern, Switzerland.[1]

 French is the official language of the UPU. English was added as a working language in 1994. The
majority of the UPU's documents and publications – including its flagship magazine, Union Postale –
are available in the United Nations' six official languages (French, English, Russian, Mandarin
Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic).
 The UPU was created in 1874, initially under the name "General Postal Union", as a result of
theTreaty of Bern signed on October 9, 1874

World Health Organization

 The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is
concerned with international public health. It was established on 7 April 1948, headquartered
in Geneva, Switzerland. The WHO is a member of the United Nations Development Group. Its
predecessor, the Health Organization, was an agency of the League of Nations.

 The constitution of the World Health Organization had been signed by 61 countries on 22 July 1946,
with the first meeting of theWorld Health Assembly finishing on 24 July 1948. It incorporated the Office
International d'Hygiène Publique and the League of Nations Health Organization. Since its creation, it
has played a leading role in the eradication of smallpox. Its current priorities includecommunicable
diseases, in particular HIV/AIDS, Ebola, malaria and tuberculosis; the mitigation of the effects of non-
communicable diseases; sexual and reproductive health, development, and aging; nutrition, food
security and healthy eating; occupational health; substance abuse; and driving the development of
reporting, publications, and networking.

 The WHO is responsible for the World Health Report, a leading international publication on health, the
worldwide World Health Survey, and World Health Day (7 April of every year). The head of WHO
is Margaret Chan.

 The 2014/2015 proposed budget of the WHO is about US$4 billion.[1] About US$930 million are to be
provided by member states with a further US$3 billion to be from voluntary contributions.

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World Intellectual Property Organization

 The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is one of the 17 specialized agencies of
the United Nations.

 WIPO was created in 1967 "to encourage creative activity, to promote the protection of intellectual
property throughout the world."[1]

 WIPO currently has 188 member states,[2] administers 26 international treaties,[3] and is headquartered
in Geneva, Switzerland. The current Director-General of WIPO is Francis Gurry, who took office on
October 1, 2008.[4] 186 of the UN Members as well as theHoly See and Niue are Members of WIPO.
Non-members are the states of Marshall Islands, Federated States of
Micronesia, Nauru,Palau, Solomon Islands, South Sudan and Timor-Leste. Palestine has observer
status.

World Food Programme

 the food assistance branch of the United Nations and the world's largest humanitarian organization
addressing hunger and promoting food security.[1] According to the WFP, it provides food assistance
to an average of 80 million people in 75 countries each year.[2] From its headquarters in Rome and
more than 80 country offices around the world, the WFP works to help people who are unable to
produce or obtain enough food for themselves and their families. It is a member of theUnited Nations
Development Group and part of its Executive Committee.

World Meteorological Organization

 The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is an intergovernmental organization with a
membership of 191 Member States and Territories. It originated from the International Meteorological
Organization (IMO), which was founded in 1873. Established in 1950, WMO became the specialised
agency of the United Nations for meteorology (weather and climate), operational hydrology and
related geophysical sciences. It has its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, and is a member of
the United Nations Development Group.[1] The current Secretary-General is Petteri Taalas.[2] The
current president is David Grimes.

World Tourism Organization

 The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is the United Nations agency
responsible for the promotion of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism. It is the
leading international organization in the field of tourism, which promotes tourism as a driver of
economic growth, inclusive development and environmental sustainability and offers leadership and
support to the sector in advancing knowledge and tourism policies worldwide. It encourages the
implementation of the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism [1]
to maximize the contribution of tourism to
socio-economic development, while minimizing its possible negative impacts, and is committed to
promoting tourism as an instrument in achieving the United Nations Millennium Development
Goals (MDGs), geared towards reducing poverty and fostering sustainable development.

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 UNWTO generates market knowledge, promotes competitive and sustainable tourism policies and
instruments, fosters tourism education and training, and works to make tourism an effective tool for
development through technical assistance projects in over 100 countries around the world.

 UNWTO’s membership includes 156 countries, 6 territories and over 400 affiliate members
representing the private sector, educational institutions, tourism associations and local tourism
authorities. Its headquarters are located in Madrid.

Srinath

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UPCOMING COMPILATIONS:

ENVIRONMENTAL ORGANISATIONS, FISHERIES ORGANISATIONS, MIGRATIONS ORGANISATIONS, MARITIME

ORGANISATIONS, ARMS CONTROL, ENERGY ORGANISATIONS, FINANCIAL, TRADE AND CUSTOMS
ORGANISATIONS, REGIONAL ORGANISATIONS, DIGITAL ORGANISATIONS, CULTURAL, ETHNIC, LINGUISTIC
ORGANISATIONS, IDEOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL GROUPINGS.

THANKS FOR READING

WWW.IASABHIYAN.COM
COMPILED BY RAJESH NAYAK
SOURCE: WIKIPEDIA

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