Family planning
is the planning of when to have children and the use of birth control and other techniques to implement such plans.
>Natural Family Planning
-are methods that involve no introduction of chemical or foreign material into the body.
Abstinence
- The most effective way to protect against conception is to abstain from intercourse
-0% failure rate and most effective way to prevent Sexually Transmitted Disease
Fertility Awareness Method
-Methods which relies on detecting when a woman is fertile.
Calendar(Rhythm) Method
-couple must abstain from sex during days when woman is ovulating(4 days before and after ovulation)
Cervical Mucus(Billings) Method
-A woman must check her cervical mucus secretion, if it is copious, thin, watery and transparent and feels slippery and stretches at least 1 inch
before the strand breaks then she is fertile and must avoid intercourse.
Ovulation Awareness
-Using an OTC ovulation detection kit midcycle surge of leutenizing hormone can be detected 12-24 hours, an accurate way of predicting
ovulation.
Lactation Amenorrhea Method
-Breastfeeding suppresses ovulation because suckling (breast feeding by the baby) changes the body's physiology so that ovulation does not
occur. No egg, no pregnancy.
Coitus Interruptus
-A couple may proceed with intercourse but at the moment of ejaculation the man withdraws and sperm is emitted outside the vagina.
Artificial Family Planning
Birth Control Pills-is the most popular type of birth control. There are many different brands and they come in packs of 21 or 28 pills.
One pill is taken every day. The first 21 pills have a combination of synthetic estrogen and progesterone hormones. The Pill stops ovulation,
preventing the ovaries from releasing eggs. The Pill also thickens cervical mucus, making it harder for sperm to enter the uterus. The hormones
in the Pill prevent fertilization. The last 7 pills of a 28-day pack have no hormones and are called spacer pills.
Estrogen/Progesterone Patch-Transdermal patches that release a combination of estrogen and progesterone, which causes no menstruation.
Vaginal Rings- also known as intravaginal rings, or V-Rings are polymeric drug delivery devices designed to provide controlled release of drugs
to the vagina and left in place for 3 weeks and removed for 1 week.
Emergency contraception or emergency postcoital contraception- also called “morning after” pills, refers to contraceptive measures that, if
taken after sex, may prevent pregnancy.
Types:
1)Ethinyl Estradiol(100mg) and Norgestrel(1mg)- Taken twice a day,12hours apart
2)Ethinyl Estradiol(2.5mg)-Taken twice a day for 15 days
3)Conjugated Estrogens(30mg)-Taken for 5 days
Subcutaneous Implants- Norplant is a hormonal implant used for birth control. It is effective for up to five years. Norplant uses hormone-
carrying rods about the size and shape of matchsticks inserted under the skin, normally in the upper arm.
Intramuscular Injections- DEPO-PROVERA (medroxyprogesterone acetate), given every 12 weeks, alter the endometrium and change the
cervical mucus. These should be used as a long-term birth control method (e.g. longer than 2 years) only if other birth control methods are
inadequate.
Intrauterine Devices- is a form of birth control that involves an object placed in the uterus to prevent fertilization of the egg by sperm, inhibit
tubular transport.
Barrier Methods-forms of birth control that work by the placement of a chemical or other barrier between cervix and advancing sperm so that
sperm fertilize the ovum.
Vaginally Inserted Spermicide Products- A barrier method of birth control containing a sperm-killing product. Spermicides are available in foam,
cream, jelly, film, suppository or tablet form.
Diagphragm- The diaphragm is a cervical barrier type of birth control. It is a soft latex or siliconedome with a spring molded into the rim. The
spring creates a seal against the walls of the vagina.
Cervical Cap- The cervical cap is a form of barrier contraception. A cervical cap fits over the cervix and blocks sperm from entering
the uterus through the external orifice of the uterus, called theos.
Male Condom- The male condom is a sheath worn over the penis during intercourse. It prevents pregnancy by acting as a barrier and preventing
the man's semen from entering the woman's vagina, so sperm can't reach a woman's "egg".
Female Condom- s a device that is used during sexual intercourse as a barrier contraceptive and to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted
infections (STIs—such asgonorrhea, syphilis, and HIV).
Surgical Methods
Vasectomy- is a minor surgical procedure wherein the vasa deferentia of a man are severed, and then tied/sealed in a manner which prevents
sperm from entering the seminal stream (ejaculate). Vasectomy should not be confused with castration (male), which is the surgical removal of
one's testicle(s).
Tubal ligation- informally known as getting one's "tubes tied" is a form of female sterilization, in which the fallopian tubes are severed and
sealed or "pinched shut", in order to prevent fertilization.
